Ko te whakamahi o waiwaro

Ko te whakamahi o waiwaro he tino kanorau - e whakamahia ratou rite wahie, me te rite i roto i rehe, rongoā, me ētahi atu e kore e taea te piriponotanga te tūranga o enei matū i roto i te ora hou.

Waiwaro tahi: āhuatanga me te whakamārama poto

Waiwaro tahi ko nga pūhui waro kore-huringa i roto i nei e hono ngota waro e here ohie kukū. Ēnei matū tohu he maha ki etahi āhuatanga me ngā āhuatanga. Ko te tātai whānui o waiwaro ko e whai ake:

CnH2n + 2

Tenei N Ko te maha o ngā ngota waro. Hei tauira, CH3, C2H6.

Ko te mema o te tuatahi e whā o te maha o ngā hopi - matū haurehu waihā - he mewaro, ewaro, pōwaro me te pūwaro. Ko te pūhui e whai ake nei (i C5 ki C17) - ko reira he wai. He maha ngā tonu pūhui nei i raro i ngā āhuatanga noa he totoka.

Ko te āhuatanga matū o te waiwaro tahi, he iti hohe - ratou kore tata e taunekeneke ki kawakore me waikawa. Ratau, whakaritea nga āhuatanga matū i whakamahi o waiwaro.

Heoi, kei te āhuatanga enei pūhui mo etahi tauhohe, tae atu i te whakauru o ngā ngota hauwai, me te tukanga o wāhinga o te rāpoi ngota.

• whakaaro te tauhohenga te kōnakonakotanga tino āhuatanga i roto i nei e whakakapi te ngota hauwai e kōnakonako. O te faufaa rahi e te tauhohenga o te chlorination me bromination o enei pūhui.
• Nitration - whakauru nitro o te ngota hauwai e tauhohenga ki te memeha (10% kukū) waikawa hauota. I raro i ngā āhuatanga noa, e kore e nga waiwaro tahi huru ki te waikawa. I roto i te tikanga ki te whakahaere i te tauhohenga taua, te pāmahana e hiahiatia ana o 140 ° C.
• Hāpiri - i raro i waiwaro tahi noa e kore e taea te whai wāhi ki te hāora. Otiia, i muri i pātīmata i te hau, tomo enei matū ki te tauhohe parariraa, hua whakamutunga nei he wai, me te hauhā.
• Hangai - tenei tauhohenga e wahi anake i roto i te aroaro o te whakakōkī e hiahiatia ana. I roto i te wāhinga tamau o huirua here i waenganui i ngā ngota waro. Hei tauira, e taea te whiwhi te papatanga o te pūwaro i roto i te tauhohe ewaro me te ethylene.
• Isomerization - rite ki te hua o te pānga o etahi kaiwhakakökï taea e etahi hanganga o te kōhiwi waro o te waiwaro tahi.

Ko te whakamahi o waiwaro

Ko te puna tūturu matua o enei matū e taua hua mahu'inga, pērā i te hau māori, me te hinu. Ko te tino whānui, me te whānui tono ngā hopi tenei ra.

Hei tauira, te taonga haurehu waihā whakamahia rite te puna faufaa o te wahie. He tauira, ko te mewaro, tito nei o te hau māori, me ranunga pōwaro-pūwaro.

Ko tētahi atu puna o ngā hopi - hinu, o te mea uaua ki te pe si◊aki te uara tangata hou. Hoki ngā hua hinu ngā:

• penehīni - whakamahia rite he wahie;
• karahīni;
• hinu diesel hinu hau marama ranei;
• hinu hau taimaha, whakamahia nei te rite he hinu lubricating;
• ngā toenga Māturu hinu te whakamahia mō te uku production.

Kei te whakamahia hoki ngā hua hinu mo te faaineineraa o kirihou, muka waihanga, rubbers me etahi teretere.

Ko te whakamahi o ngā waiwaro he nui whānui. Kei te whakamahia ētahi momo wai o enei matū rite ngā whakarewa me rite propellants.

Petrolatum me petrolatum - kai e kua tito o te ranunga o ngā waiwaro. E whakamahia ratou i roto i ngā rongoā me te cosmetology (mo te faaineineraa o hinu me aihikirīmi te nuinga), me te hinu.

Parawini - tetahi atu hua pai-mohiotia e te mea he ranunga o ngā waiwaro totoka. Tenei papatipu ma totoka, ai te pāmahana whakawera he 50 - 70 nekehanga. I roto i te ware pi ahumahi o tenei ra te whakamahia mō te hanga rama. moe te taua rauemi e kēmu. I roto i te rongoā, whakahaere whakamahi i parawini ngā momo o maimoatanga wera.