Dzhozef Pristli - taiao, philosopho, kēmihi. tuwhera Haurongo

I huaina te reira i te Kingi o te pūmanawa. i mahue Dzhozef Pristli i te hītori o te kaituhi o ngā āhuatanga taketake i roto i te matū o ngā haurehu me te ariā o te hiko. Ko ia he theosophist me te tohunga, i huaina "ka kotahi faitotonu."

Priestley - te hinengaro nui o te waenganui tuarua o te rau tau XVIII kua mahue, tona tohu i runga i te rapunga whakaaro me te philology, me te ake - ko reira te ihi o te wai houra me iniarapa ki te ūkui rārangi pene i te pepa.

tau wawe

Ko te mātāmua o ono tama a momo mau utuafare Draper, whanau Dzhozef Pristli i roto i te puna o te 1733 i roto i te kainga iti e tata ana Leeds Filskhed. ngaahi tūkunga faingata'a o kōhungahunga, takoha ngā mātua ki te tonoa a Hohepa ki te hapu o tona whaea keke, e faaoti no te faaineine no te te tohunga Mihinare mahi iramutu. Tatari ia he whakatipu tino me te mātauranga pai i roto i te momo, me te teolosia.

Wawe i roto i te whakakitenga o te kaha, me te uaua whakaaetia Priestley pai whakaoti Batley kura nui, te wahi i reira he inaianei he manga i roto i tona ingoa, me te Theological Academy i Daventry. tae ia he akoranga o sciences tūturu me matū i te University o Warrington, i ue'i ia ki te whakarite i te taiwhanga kāinga, me te timata i te motuhake ngā pūtaiao.

Scientist-tohunga

I roto i te 1755, ka Dzhozef Pristli minita kaiāwhina, engari i mana whakatapua i roto i 1762. Ko te pononga rerekē o te hahi. Well mātauranga, i mohio 9 ora me reo mate, tuhituhia ana e ia i roto i 1761 te pukapuka "Tumu o English Grammar." I hāngai tēnei akoranga i roto i te rau tau i muri hawhe.

He he ngakau tātari ora, i hanga Dzhozef Pristli ratou mau ti'aturiraa, te pae maheni ki nga mahi o nga philosopho ārahi me theologians. Ka rite ki te hua, i haere atu ia i te haapiiraa i faauruhia ia i roto i te hapu, i te whanau. Kua riro ia i Calvinism ki te Arianisme, a ka ki noa ake rationalistic awa - Unitarianism.

Ahakoa te whango, i haere mai ki a ia i muri i te mate tamarikitanga, ko Priestley pororaa pukumahi me te whakaako, Whakataki ki Pineamine Franklin - te mau aivanaa o te wa - kua takahia ake mahi Dzhozefa Pristli pūtaiao.

Ngā i roto i te mara o te hiko

Home Research hoki Franklin ko ahupūngao. Ko te hiko o te moni e ahau nui U Pristli, a ki runga ki te tohutohu o tetahi o te heke mai US taketake matua i roto i te 1767 whakaputaina e ia i te mahi "History me āhua hakari o te hiko." I roto i te reira e rave rahi āhuatanga taketake, i kawea mai te kaituhi i te rongo pai-tika ana i roto i te porowhita o pūtaiao Ingarangi, me te Pākehā i huraina.

kawenga hiko o graphite, kitea Priestley muri whiwhi faufaa nui mahi. kua meinga waro Pure he wāhanga o maha whakaaro hiko. whakaahuatia Priestley te wheako o electrostatics, i roto i nei faaoti ia e nga uara ōrite o ngā pānga hiko, me te Newtonian ope mahara. Faaite ratou whakaaro o te ture "kōaro tapawha" a ka kitea i roto i te ture tumu o te ariā o te hiko - ture o Coulomb.

hauhā

Ahupūngao, hiko, conductance, atu tenei pāhekoheko - e kore anake ngākau nuitanga pūtaiao Priestley. kitea e ia te kaupapa mō te ako i roto i te wahi tino ohorere. whakarewahia te mahi i arahina ki te kitea o te hauhā, i roto i tona mātakitaki o te ahumahi te kōpiro.

I roto i te 1772, ka whakatata Priestley whakarongo ki nga āhuatanga o te hau i hanga nei i roto i FERMENTATION o marou. Ko te hauhā. Kua whakawhanakehia Priestley te tikanga o te whakaputa hau i roto i te taiwhanga, kitea e ahau e he taimaha ake i te hau, uaua ki te tahu me te he tino wairewa i te wai, hoatu reira he rerekē, tāmata reka.

ahotakakame

Tonu ngā ki te hauhā, hoatu Priestley wheako, i timata ki te hītori o te kitea o te faufaa ki te oraraa o te ora i runga i tenei ari ao - ahotakakame. Te tuuraa i te ipu karaihe o te tupu te tipu matomato, tahuna ana e ia he rama, ka whakakiia te ipu ki te hauhā. I muri i te ia, hoatu ana e ia ki nga kiore ora, ka tamata ki te marama i te ahi. tonu Animals ki ora, a ka tonu tahunga.

ka Priestley te tangata tuatahi ki te mau ahotakakame. Te whakamārama i te ahua o te ipu hau kati e taea o te pupuri manawa me te ngingiha taea anake tipu kaha ki te takanga mai hauhā me te tuku i atu, taonga ora-hoatu. te pūtake mo te whanautanga o te ariā tinana ao ake nei, tae atu i te ture o te tiaki o te pūngao i te hua whakamātautau i. Otiia ko nga kitenga tuatahi o te pūtaiao i roto i te rārangi ki te reira pūtaiao.

faataa Dzhozef Pristli ahotakakame i ngā o te ariā phlogiston. Ko tōna kaituhi - Georg Ernst Stahl - riro te aroaro o matū pūkākā tohua taonga - fluids weightless - phlogistic, me te tukanga ngingiha he kaihoko mimiti ki ona wāhanga wāhanga, me te absorption o rangi phlogistic. Priestley ko he kaitautoko o tenei ariā noa i muri i hanga tona kitea tino nui - tohaina hāora.

He kitea nui

arahina maha ngā Dzhozefa Pristli ki hua i pai i faataa e te tahi atu pūtaiao. hangaia e ia he pūrere i reira e wehea nga haurehu whakaputaina i te rangi e kore e te wai me te tahi atu inu apiapi - mēkuri. Ka rite ki te hua, i taea ki te tutakina volatiles, i rewa i mua i roto i te wai ia.

Ko te hau hou tuatahi whiwhi Priestley ko waikura Sinks. kitea e ia te pānga rerekē i runga i ona iwi, he aha i reira ko te ingoa rerekē - kata hau. I muri mai i whakamahia ai rite te rongoā hāparapara.

I roto i te 1774, o te taonga i muri tāutuhia rite mēkuri waikura, muri nga aivanaa i roto i te faatea ia i te hau i roto i nei te rama ka anga ki te tahu Koinei kanapa. huaina e ia dephlogisticated reira rangi. Priestley tonu whakapono e te āhua o parariraa, ara ka whakamatauria Antuan Lavuaze e whakatuwhera Dzhozefa Pristli - he taonga he te nui tino mo te āhuatanga tukanga ora whānui. ingoa hau New i hāora.

Matū me te Life

Te hauhā, waikura Sinks, hāora - tūhuratanga o enei haurehu whakaratohia Priestley i roto i ngā kōrero matū. Whakatau i te hanganga o te haurehu whai wāhi i roto i te tukanga o te ahotakakame - pūtaiao takoha i roto i te koiora. Ngā ki utu hiko, nga tikanga haukini whāwehe whakamahi hiko, riro tuku kōrero mahi pūtaiao pono i roto i physicists.

Te kitea, i hanga e Priestley April 15, 1770, e kore e whai i te taua uara taketake. Kua whakahaerehia te reira i te oraraa o whakatupuranga maha o kura me kaimahi tari. timata kōrero tuwhera ki te meka i kitea Priestley pehea te wahi o te rapa i te puna o Inia kōmurua rārangi pene pepa. Heoi i reira ko te rapa - he aha i tatou i huaina te mukua.

taa ê mau ti'aturiraa taumauri me fakalotu motuhake Priestley kua roaa e ia te ingoa o te whakaaro whakakeke. Kua meinga Priestley pukapuka "History o Karaitiana pirau" (1782), a faaite ratou tautoko mo te huringa i roto i France me Amerika riri i roto i te kahui ka tino o nga Conservatives Ingarangi.

A, no te whakanui ia i roto i 1791 ki te tau rite-whakaaro o te Mokoia o te Bastille, ka pupü mai e kauwhau iino whare o Priestley me taiwhanga i roto i Birmingham ngaro. E toru nga tau i muri mai i takoha ia ki te heke ki te US, mutu te wahi i roto i te 1804 me ona ra.

runaruna nui

Religious, pāpori me te tōrangapū mahi Priestley - he koha nui ki te whanaketanga hinengaro o Europe, Amerika me te ao. Materialist me te hoariri pūmau o matawaenga, ia mātātoa i uru ki te hinengaro tino motuhake o te wā.

tokomaha tenei tangata whakaaro he dilettante, pūtaiao karanga reira, e kore e whiwhi i te mātauranga pūtaiao auau, me te oti, i whakahengia Priestley mo te meka e kore i taea e ia tino ite te faufaa o te ite i hanga e ia.

Otiia i roto i te tahi atu mau tau ko Dzhozef Pristli. Tona haurongo - he whārangi kanapa i roto i te aamu o te ao nei. Ko te ora o te aivanaa tino tenei, whakaatu i kaikauwhau te nuinga o ngā whakaaro ahu whakamua, mema hōnore o nga pukenga katoa ārahi pūtaiao o Europe me te ao - pūtaiao e kua hanga he wāhi nui ki te whanaketanga o taketake ariā pūtaiao māori.