Kupu tawhito me ratou tikanga. Ko te uara o nga kupu Russian tawhito

Vocabulary - he kohinga o nga kupu katoa e whakamahi tatou. Ka taea te whakaaro te rōpū motuhake i roto i te papakupu kupu tawhito. Ko ratou i roto i te reo Russian he rota, a ka no ratou ki wā rerekē o mua.

He aha te mea te kupu waina

Ko te wāhi nui o te hītori o te iwi Mai reo, a ka he o uara hītori nga kupu e kua whakamahia i roto i tenei reo. kupu Old me to ratou tikanga e taea te korero ki te rota e pā ana ki te mea i puta ngā i roto i te ora o te iwi i roto i te wā ngā a ko etahi o ratou o te faufaa rahi. Old pakeke ranei, e kore e nga kupu kaha whakamahia i roto i to tatou wa, engari reira i roto i te kupu o te iwi, i tuhituhia i roto i papakupu me ngā pukapuka tohutoro. Pinepine e taea te ratou kitea i roto i mahi o toi.

Hei tauira, i roto i te whiti Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina, te tai'o nei tatou i te irava e whai ake nei:

"Tama nunui te mano,

Ki te hoa i roto i te Gridnitsa tiketike

Vladimir ra-kai hakari,

tamahine iti i hoatu e ia

Hoki te rangatira toa Ruslan ".

Tenei ko te kupu "Gridnitsa". Na e kore e whakamahi i te reira, engari i roto i te tau o Prince Vladimir, te auraa reira he ruma nui, i roto i nei whakaritea te rangatira ki tona tira hakari me hakari.

historicism

Ko o rerekē momo kupu Old me ratou ti'araa. E ai ki pūtaiao, kua wehea ratou ki ngā rōpū nui e rua.

Historicism - kupu e e inaianei mātātoa whakamahia mo te take i puta mai i roto o te whakamahi o te ariā e tohu ratou. Hei tauira, "koti", "mēra" patu "archaisms, me ētahi atu - ko nga kupu e rawea, ngā ariā maheni ki a tatou i roto i te kupu atu, hei tauira enei, te mangai -. Ngutu, paparinga - paparinga, kaki o - kaki.

I roto i te kupu o tenei ra, rite ki te tikanga, ratou e kore e whakamahia. kupu mohio me o ratou tikanga, kahore nei i tokomaha e kore e matau, hoki to tatou reo ia rā e angamaheni. Otiia kihai ratou e ngaro tawhitotia i toe. Historicism me archaisms kaituhi whakamahia ki te korero parau e pā ana ki te mua o te iwi, e enei kupu kawe ratou te hā o te wā. Ka taea e pono Historicism korero tatou e pā ana ki te tahi mea e tupu kotahi i roto i te tahi atu wā i roto i to tatou whenua.

archaisms

Haunga te historicism archaisms tohu nga ari e farereihia e tatou i roto i te ora hou. e kore e tenei kupu tupato, me o ratou tikanga rerekē i te mua mo tatou nga kupu, anake tangi ratou rerekē. He rerekē Archaisms. He ko te hunga e e rerekē i kupu noa noa etahi āhuatanga o takikupu me te reo. Hei tauira, te whatu, me te pa, he koura, me te koura Mlada - taitamariki. Tenei archaisms ā. I roto i te rau tau 19 he maha nga kupu pera. Te reira i klob (karapu), Stora (pihi).

He he he rōpū o archaisms ki pīmuri tawhito, pērā i muzeum (taonga), āwhina (āwhina), kaihao (ika). Nuinga o ngā wā whakatau tatou archaisms wetereo, hei tauira, te kanohi - te kanohi, ringa matau - Shuitsev ringa matau - ringa maui.

Ka rite ki historicism, e whakamahia archaisms ki te waihanga i tētahi ao motuhake i roto i te pakimaero. Na, whakamahia pinepine Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin reo tuauri ki te hoatu tona pathos mahi. Kei te mārama faahoho'ahia tenei i te maau "te peropheta".

Kupu o Ancient Rus

nui o te ahurea hou hoatu Ancient Rus. Otiia ka i reira ko te taiao wetereo motuhake, etahi o nga kupu o e kua tiaki i roto i te reo Russian hou. A e kore e etahi whakamahia i te katoa. hoatu Old tawhitotia Russian kupu o te wā tatou he whakaaro e pā ana ki te takenga mai o te reo Te Tai Rāwhiti Slavic.

Hei tauira, kanga onamata. Etahi o ratou he whakaata tika rawa o nga mau huru ino o te tangata. Joe Whakatangihia - pu korero, Ruhm - crybaby Tolokonov rae - he wairangi, zahuhrya - tangata disheveled.

Te uara o kupu Russian tawhito ētahi wā rerekē i ngā uara pakiaka tetahi i roto i te reo hou. E matau ana tatou katoa ki te kupu, "siganut" me "whitefish", te tikanga o ratou he kaupapa tere i roto i te wāhi. Old Russian kupu "sig" tikanga i te kōwae iti o te wā inenga. I roto i tetahi roto mig 160 whitefish. E whakaaro ana te uara ine nui "tawhiti atu", i te mea e rite ana ki te 1, 4 tau-marama.

Kei te kupu Ancient, me o ratou tikanga kōrero e pūtaiao. E whakaaro Ancient moni nga ingoa e i whakamahia i roto i Russia tawhito. No te moni e kua puta i roto i te rau tau waru me te iwa o roto i Russia kawemai i nga te Arapi Caliphate, whakamahia te ingoa "Coon", "nogata" me "tapahia". Na i reira nga nga moni Russian tuatahi - zlatniki reira me nga wahi o hiriwa.

kupu tawhitotia i te 12 me te 13 rau tau

Pre-Mongol wā i roto i Russia, 12-13 rautau, āhuatanga e te whanaketanga o te hoahoanga, i reira nei huaina hoahoanga. Aua, a reira ko reira he apa o te kupu e pā ana ki te hanga me te whakatu whare. I reira etahi o nga kupu puta i roto i te reo hou, engari kua puta ke te uara o te kupu tawhito Russian mo tenei wa katoa.

Ko te pūtake o te ora o Russia i te rau tau 12 i reira ko he pa kaha, i reira i huaina "Detinets". A iti i muri mai, i roto i te rau tau 14, te wā 'Kremlin', i ko reira ano hoki ka rawea, pa. Ko te kupu "Kremlin" e kia he tauira o te āhua o ki te huri i te kupu Russian tawhitotia tawhito. Ki te i te Kremlin he kotahi, ko te noho o te matenga o te kāwanatanga, ka he maha kremlins.

I roto i te tenetere 11, me te 12 i roto i Russia ki te hanga pa, me pa o te rakau. Otiia kihai i taea e ratou te tu te aroraa o te Maori-Tatars. Nga Mongols, haere mai ki te wikitoria i te whenua, maia noa pa rakau. Tu pa kohatu o Novgorod me Pskov. Hoki i te wa tuatahi i te kupu "Kremlin" puta i roto i te meatanga Tver i 1317. Ko reira fenāpasi kupu tawhito ki "kremnik". Na ka ka hanga e ratou Kremlin i Moscow, Tula ko Kolomna.

tūranga pāpori me te rerehua o te archaisms i roto i te tuhinga puāwaitanga

kupu Ancient, te kōrero o nei te maha kitea i roto i ngā tuhinga pūtaiao, maha whakamahia e te kaituhi Russian ki te hanga i to ratou kupu mahi toi atu ngangahau. Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin i tona tuhinga whakaahuatia te tukanga o te hanga o "Boris Godunov": "tamata ahau ki imi i te reo o te wa."

ano tono Mihail Yurevich Lermontov i ana mahi i te kupu tawhito, ka tuhituhi reta rite ratou tikanga ki nga mau o te wā, i tangohia e ratou i te wahi. puta te nuinga o nga kupu tawhito i roto i tona mahi "te waiata e pā ana ki Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich." Tenei, mo te tauira, "Veda", "oh, goy koe esi" Ali. " Hoki, i tuhituhi mahi i roto i nei maha nga kupu tawhito Aleksandr Nikolaevich Ostrovsky. Tenei "Dmitry te taata faahua", "Voivod", "Kozma Minin Zaharich-Sukhoruk".

Ko te tūranga o te kupu o te taitahi whakamutunga i roto i te tuhinga o nāianei

noho rongonui Archaisms i te tuhinga o te rau tau 20. A haamana'o na i te mahi rongonui e Ilf me Petrov "Ko te tekau ma rua Māngai". Here, nga kupu tawhito me ratou tikanga i te, reo arearea motuhake.

Hei tauira, i roto i te whakaahua i te toronga kitea Ostap Bender kainga Vasyuki te parau "kihai i tangohia e te tangata kotahi-kanohi tona kanohi anake ki hu grossmeysterovoy." Whakamahia ki te Ekalesia Slavonic tae archaisms me i roto i tetahi atu wāhanga: "I hiakai Matua Fyodor. Ua hinaaro e ahau ia ki te taonga. "

hapa stylistic ka whakamahi i historicism me archaisms

Historicism me archaisms nui e taea maihi pakimaero, engari ratou whakamahi ta'efe'unga he kata. kupu onamata, ko maha te kōrero o nei te pukumahi rawa, rite ki te tikanga, e kore e taea te whakamahi i roto i te kupu rā. Ki te tīmata koe i tono tetahi tangata e tika: "He aha hotoke kaki tuwhera o koutou," e kore e matau ia koe (uhinga ki te kaki).

I roto i te kupu nūpepa kitea hoki te whakamahi tika o te historicism me archaisms. Hei tauira: ". Ko te tumuaki o te kura privechayut kaiako taitamariki kua haere mai nei ki te mahi" Ko te kupu "e kore whakarere" he longo ki te kupu "mai". I te tahi taime e whakaurua ngā ākonga ki ō rātou archaisms tito me kupu kore e whakaherea i te tino mārama, me te ara heahea. Hei tauira: "haere mai Olga rere i roto i te roimata, ka korero ki a Tatiana Ivanovna e pā ana ki te tawai." Na reira, ki te hiahia koe ki te whakamahi i te kupu tawhito, tikanga, tikanga, tikanga me waiho ratou tino mārama ki a koutou.

Tawhitotia kupu wawata me te pakimaero pūtaiao

Te tangata e matau e riro rongonui nui i roto i to tatou wa i taua momo rite wawata me te pakimaero pūtaiao. Huri i te reira i roto i e i roto i te wawata mahi tūmomo, kupu koroheke e whakamahia whānuitia, a kahore he to ratou tikanga i nga wa katoa mārama ana ki te kaipānui hou.

Concepts pērā i "kara" me "maihao", Ka taea e te kaipānui matau. Ko ētahi wā i reira he kupu matatini ake pērā i "Caumont" me "ia oomo i". Me mea e ahau e kore e whakapai ana i nga wa katoa kaiwhakaputa o te whakamahi nui o archaisms. Ko reira he mahi i roto i nei e whakamahia pai te kaituhi historicism me archaisms. Mahi te reira i te raupapa "wawata Slavic." Hei tauira, nga pukapuka o Maria Stepanova 'Valkyrie', Tatiana Korostyshevsky "whaea o nga hau e wha," Maria Semenova "Wolfhound", Denis Novozhilov "Far Far atu rangatiratanga. Ko te pakanga mo te torona. "