Learning Theory me ona Types

ariā ako - ko te wahi motuhake o te pūtaiao o te ako. Reira i huaina hoki didactics (i te Kariki "didaktikos" - ki te whakaako, whakaako). Kaiako i roto i nga kura o Kariki tahito i huaina te Didascalia, rite i ratou i raro i te hopoi'a e kore noa ki te hoatu iwi taitamariki etahi matauranga, engari ano ki te kawe ia ratou tangata pono. Ina e, i roto i te reo i korerotia kua meinga tenei ariā he tikanga whakaaro: "te hiahia o katoa ki te whakaako, moralizatorstvovat rawa".

Ko te kaiako Tiamana B. Rathke hoki tenei wā uara ngaro - mātauranga toi ranei ariā pūtaiao o te akoranga. Ko te mahi Yana Amosa Comenius "didactics nui" tohu e pā ana tenei ariā ki ngā tamariki i te kura e kore anake, "haapii ia katoa a tawhio noa," engari no te mea he reira ao. Oia mau, i roto i te akoranga o to tatou oraraa, i nga ra tatou ako i tetahi mea hou, a pehea pai ako matou tei te mōhiohio i runga i te tikanga o tona take. Methods, ngā tūāhua me ngā momo o didactics whakawhanakehia i roto i te heke mai i te taua pūtaiao rangatira rite VI Zagvyazinsky, IJ Lerner, IP Podlas ko JK Babanskii.

Ko te kupu, ko te ariā hou o te whakaako e tūhura ana te pāhekoheko me ngā hononga "whakaako" whakaako ki te mahi hinengaro o kura. E whai ana ki te whakapai ake i te tukanga mātauranga, te whanaketanga o whai hua hou hangarau whakaako. I tua atu, whakaahua ana te reira me whakamārama te tukanga o te whakatipu me te mātauranga. Hei tauira, didactics i ngā wāhanga rerekē o te hātepe ako akiaki ana te whakamahi o ngā momo me te tikanga o te mahi hinengaro: te kaiako - ngā ākonga; ākonga - te pukapuka; tamaiti - te piha me ētahi atu.

Ko te kupu, ariā ako ta e te matauranga e kore tatou e i whenumi i roto ia ratou, e kore i roto i te noho wehe, engari i roto i te kotahitanga ki te mau parau tumu o to ratou kai me a ratou tono mahi. Kei ia pūtaiao ona ake kai motuhake: ahupūngao, te matū, me he faufaa rerekē i te tukanga o te puoro rapunga whakaaro ranei ako i ētahi atu pekanga ka whakamahia. I tenei kaupapa, didactics kaupapa tukuna tikanga. I tua atu, kua whakapono reira e mahi tenei pūtaiao e rua mahi matua: te ariā (hoatu ākonga te ariā whānui), me te mahi (Mā ratou ki etahi pūkenga).

Otiia e kore e hoki wareware te mahi tino nui o te ako - mātauranga takitahi motuhake. E kore te tangata me ako anake te ariā, me te faaohipa i ratou rite faataa ia ki te kaiako, engari ano hoki i te huarahi auaha ki te whakamahi o ēnei ariā taketake me ngā mahi i roto i te tikanga ki te hanga i te tahi mea hou. I huaina tēnei wāhi o ako "te ariā o te mātauranga whanaketanga." hoatu ona turanga mua i roto i te XVIII rau Pestalozzi, tuhu atu e te tangata i te whanau whakatakotoria wawatahia o te whanaketanga. Ko te mahi o te kaiako - ki te āwhina whakawhanake enei aravihi ki te hope.

hāngai ana ako Soviet i runga i te parau tumu e kia kia mua mātauranga me ngā mōhiohio, ki te arahi i te whanaketanga o te oe mau taranata o ngā ākonga. Na reira, e hāngai ana te ariā akoranga motu kei i runga i te mau parau tumu e whai ake nei: he taumata tiketike o te uaua mo te piha haapiiraa katoa (tatau i runga i nga tamariki tino pūmanawa); Primate rauemi ariā; nohopuku vitiviti rironga rauemi; mōhiotanga o ngā ākonga o te tukanga ako iho. Whakawhanake whakangungu arotahi i runga i te pūmanawa o te ākonga ki te "whiu" ratou tuwhera tino.