Te huringa pūtau, wātea i te mate, kōpaki pūtau

huaina te oraraa o te wā te wā pūtau i te rā o tona hanganga mā te wehewehe pūtau whaea ki tona wehenga ake te mate ranei ko te wā "huringa pūtau". I roto i ngā tona roanga pūtau rerekē. Hei tauira, basal me hematopoietic pūtau o te whēkau iti me kiriwaho e taea ki te tomo i te huringa pūtau i muri i nga 12-16 haora, hohoro ratou proliferate i roto i ngā pakeke. Poto huringa ora o ngā pūtau whakamutunga e pā ana ki te 30 meneti, puta ratou i roto i wawahi tere o hua i amphibians, echinoderms me ētahi atu kararehe. He maha nui o ngā momo i roto i te ahurea pūtau tikanga whakamātautau, huringa pūtau kua he roanga poto o e pā ana ki te 20 meneti. I te nui matua o kaha wehewehe wā pūtau roanga i waenganui i mitoses he i te 10 ki te 24 haora.

Ko te wāhanga me wā o te huringa pūtau. huringa Cell o kararehe, me ngā tipu ngā o ngā wā e rua: interphase (te wā o te kōtuitanga pūmua me te DNA) me te whāū (huringa wehewehenga pūtau). Interphase ngā maha ngā wā:

1. G1-wāhanga - he wā o te tipu, i roto i nei te kōtuitui o te pūmua, RNA me ētahi atu kaipōti pūtau.

2. S-wāhanga - i roto i tenei wā puta interphase āpiti ariā o te rāpoi ngota pītauira o nga karihi pūtau me te tuaruatia ai te organelles intracellular (centrioles);

3. G2-wāhanga - he wā i roto i nei i reira he teuteu ki he whāū pūira.

I roto i ngā pūtau e kore wehe, kia ngaro G1-wāhanga, i roto i tenei wā, kei ratou i roto i te wāhanga okiokinga (G0).

Ko te tukanga o te wehenga pūtau (whāū) E rua ngā wāhanga:

1. Ko te wehenga o te karihi pūtau - whāū.

2. Ko te wehenga o te cytoplasm pūtau - cytokinesis.

Ture o te mahi pūtau. Huri o wā huringa pūtau puta ia rātou e taunekeneke pūmua - cyclins me kinases cyclin-ti'aturi. Wāhanga Pūtau i roto i te G0 ahei kia tae atu ki te koropiko i raro i te mana o ngā āhuatanga tipu. Epidermal, me ngā āhuatanga mōtepe-ahu he tauwehe tupu io, kei roto i ngā tamau ki receptors peia pūnaha kē intracellular e arata'i ki te patohanga o te pūmua ira. I kia kaha te taua kinases anake i roto i te pāhekoheko ki cyclins motuhake, kei te tonu te huri i te ihirangi o nei puta noa i te huringa.

Tauwhatinga o te ture noa o te huringa pūtau ārahi ki te hanganga o te pukupuku totoka. Hoki te hanganga o te pukupuku mārere kua te hopoi'a te pūmua p53: whakaongaonga reira kōtuitanga pūmua o p21, i roto i te tahuri inhibits te cyclin matatini CDK, e arata'i ki pūtau hopu huringa i roto i te G1 me wāhanga G2. E kore e te pūtau ki DNA pakaru mai ki S. I roto i te wā o irakētanga ārahi ki te mate whakarereketia ranei o te ira pūmua p53 e kore puta me te huringa pūtau pā tomo whāū, hoatu ara ki ngā pūtau mutant, etahi o nei e patua, me te tahi atu wahi ārahi ki te hanganga o mārere pukupuku.

Cell-takawaenga wātea i te mate. Ko te tauhohenga o te pūnaha ārai mate ki tetahi faaitoitoraa, ka karanga he whakautu ārai i roto i nei e kore e paturopi huinga wāhi, me te matatini o te pūmua reira i roto i te toto (pūnaha ngä), ka karanga e te wā "wātea i te mate pūtau". Kei te whakahaua reira te nuinga ki microorganisms ora i roto i phagocytes me ki microorganisms e whakapoke atu pūtau. Ngā ko reira whai hua ki wheori, harore, hātare, huakita, me ngā pūtau puku. Ko te tino nui i roto i te kiko pato'iraa pūnaha ārai mate pūtau.

Ko te taiepa pūtau. Ko te taiepa pūtau mārō, whakanohoia te waho o te membrane cytoplasmic e rave haumaru, mahi hanganga me te waka - ko reira te membrane pūtau. Otiia i huaina te mea he taiepa pūtau, he mea hakari i te nuinga o te huakita, harore, otaota, me te archaea. Ko nga kararehe, me te tokomaha o te māmā, ratou e kore e whai i te taiepa pūtau.