LEV Kuleshov: haurongo me te whakaahua

E whakaahua ana tēnei tuhinga i te haurongo me mahi o Lev Kuleshov. I roto i tona ora, te whakahaere ia ki te tiki i te screenwriter, kaiwhakaako, tākuta i Art History me Artist o tangata o te Soviet Union. I tua atu, Whakatangi noa ia he wāhi nui i roto i te ako o te pū o te kiriata, me te whakatika o te toi.

raraunga taketake

i ora ai LEV Kuleshov te ora kanapa, me te ātaahua, ki tonu i te takahanga. Ia toutou tukua ngā pukapuka ā-, te pai mohiotia i roto ia ratou ka "Cinema Art" me "pehea riro ahau i te kaiwhakahaere," me te he maha o ngā tuhinga i roto i te buka aamu "Bulletin i Cinematography", te whakaaro matua o nei i ki te kawe i ki nga kaipānui o tona wheako toi.

I roto i ana mahi, ko Kuleshov o te whakaaro e te kaiwhakaari me te tirohanga e rite, a i roto i te nuinga o te wā, te tākaro i te muri he wāhi ara nui atu. Nō reira, e kore te ahua nui i roto i te tukanga o te hanga i te kiriata ko te ara he kaiwhakahaere, me te toi. Ko te aha, ki te kore e te kaiwhakahaere i rawaka pūkenga toi, e kore e taea ki te hanga i mahi tika a koutou.

Ka rite ki te tauira, Arā Leo te take ka pahuatia te whakapai makawe napikeni ma i runga i te kotiro i te mana'o katoa o te tākaro kaiwhakaari takaro karapotia e te tirohanga o te wereweti pango. whakapono ia e ko matua ataata te kiriata, te raveraa i toi, pera ko reira te toi-kaiwhakahaere kia tākaro i te wāhi nui i roto i te hanga i te kiriata.

ako

Ka rite ki tona papa, e mate i roto i 1911, hohoro ua Leo he hiahia mo te ataahua me te ka hiahia i roto i te toi pai, engari ki te puta ki tona ako tata o LEV Kuleshov taea muri anake i ia i roto i 1914 ki tona whaea, me te teina oho ki te ora i roto i Moscow. I reira, i muri i toronga toutou ki te studio toi, ua faaoti ia ki te ako ki te peita i rite te pai kia rite ki toi nui, a ka tīmata te reira ki te tango mau haapiiraa i te toi-kaiako I. F. Smirnova. I roto i te whakangungu i taea e kore noa ki te faatupu i te aroha mo Leo peita puāwaitanga, engari ano ki te ako ki te wehewehe i te mahi tino o te runaruna ia. Ko reira i runga i te kupu tohutohu o te Kuleshov kaiako me te pānui i tona pukapuka tuatahi o te takotoranga tōrangapū, pērā i "Capital" Karla Marksa ko Lenin me tuhituhi a Plekhanov.

I muri i te otinga o te whakangungu takitahi, tomo ia te kura Moscow rongonui o Painting, te wahi whakangungua i mua e kore e anake tona papa, engari ano hoki i te rohi pehe rongonui Vladimir Mayakovsky, e oti te reira i te iti mua. Ko reira taa'eraa e tahi ia i te Kuleshov i muri i hanga auhoaraa kaha.

whānau

No tetahi i roto i te utuafare i kahore whakaaro me pehea e waiho te tangata faahiahia Lev Kuleshov, tona ora whaiaro ki tonu i ki te papatipu o ngā. I whanau ia i runga i te 1 o Hānuere (kāhua tawhito) 1899 i roto i Tambov. Tona papa, Vladimir Sergeyevich, ka haere mai i te utuafare pai rawakore. I tetahi wa, talangata'a ki ngā mātua, mai Vladimir ki ako toi pai i te kura kotahi o Moscow, e ka tonu ki te ako me tana tama Leo.

I puta ia, ia, kāore e kore i taea e ki te tīmata i te mahi i roto i te mara o te peita, ka haere ki te mahi mō neke atu i te tūranga tano i roto i te Tambov remingtonista kaunihera fenua nei. I roto i te meka, ngā ia nga tūranga e rua i kotahi, a ka ko e rua he karaka me te kaipatotuhi. I te wa ano te hiahia mo te auaha arahina ia ki te tīmata te mahi i roto i to koutou wa pikitia unu-ringa e manawapa. kakahu Mother Lion Pelagia Alexandrovna ingoa kotiro Shubin. Tona tamarikitanga pau ia i roto i te whare pani, i muri i te tukunga o te mea ki runga ki te mahi te marena i roto i te kainga rite ki te kaiako. Ko reira taa'eraa e tona whakaahua hanga i te wa i tona papa, Kei te iri tonu i roto i te fare Lev Kuleshov. Ko reira taa'eraa i ko Kuleshov te tuakana teina Boris, e mate i roto i te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao.

weriweri hoki whare tapere

Ka rite ki te nuinga o te iwi auaha, kihai i LEV Kuleshov mawhiti te weriweri mō te whare tapere.

Ahakoa ka rite ki te tauira o te toi-kaiako I. F. Smirnova, i taea ki te mahi i runga i te hanga o te tirohanga mo tetahi o nga mahi o te tākaro "Eugene Onegin" mo te whare tapere Zimin ia, engari mo te mahi motuhake i roto i te whare tapere Kuleshov, e kore e mohiotia i te wa i roto i ngā porowhita toi, na kahore tetahi karangatia. Ko te aha, ahakoa ona mau tautooraa katoa, te moemoea o te mahi tapere me rahua ki liliu.

mahi wawe

tuatahi tūpono kinodeyatelnostyu Kuleshov Lev Vladimirovich i 1916, ka whakahaere ia ki te tiki mahi rite he kaipeita whakapaipai i roto i te kiriata studio A. Khanzhonkov. Kihai i takaro te tūnga whakamutunga i pumau whaea o tetahi o ana kaungāakó, e whakaurua he kiriata Leo A. Gromov, e awhinatia kua ia ki te tiki i te studio kiriata. Ko tenei te wahi i taea e ki te tohatoha i mana tonu te taranata o te tangata taitamariki. I raro i te kaiārahi o te kaiwhakahaere Evgeniya Bauera, nei tutaki ia ki te mahi, Leo hohoro mārama te taketake o te tikanga hou. I roto i tetahi o ana pukapuka ā-faahiti Kuleshov e ko tino rerekē i te mahi ki ētahi atu kaiwhakahaere, rite te auahatanga pule'i o Leo, tuku i te to'u tupú ki whakakitea tino ratou taranata mahi ki Bauer.

I roto i te heke mai, te mahi ki te mahi atu kaiwhakahaere tikanga o Kuleshov kua meinga huru atu tautāne. Ahakoa te meka e ia i taua wa ko nga tau 18 anake tau, kua kua āta tīmata ia ki te tango i te kaupae tuatahi ki te whakawhanake i tō kāhua ake ina meinga koe hei pae kiriata.

Ko te angitu tuatahi

Ahakoa te aroaro o ratou ake ariā i roto i te mara o te pihinga i te kiriata, Lev Kuleshov, ka tonu ki te waiho tino rongonui nei kiriata, noho reira matua he mahi. Na, i te timatanga o tona mahi, e huihui ia he pikitia nekehanga whakahaua e V. Polonsky, ka karanga "Love Song Nedopetaya". Heoi, kāore, te kiriata o te kiriata kua kore i ora ki te ra nei.

I roto i te 1918, e ia tona kiriata ake i huaina "Project Engineer Prayta". Kia aroha mai, tenei mahi noho whitinga, engari i roto i te whiwhinga ingoa whakahuatia Kuleshov te rua: e rua rite te kaiwhakahaere, me te rite te toi. tamata ia ki te whakaatu i te iwi kaha, me te hauora mua e ora i roto i te ao tūturu, na te nuinga o te mahi i roto i te kiriata kiriata i roto i ngā wheketere, teihana rerewhenua me ngā pūtahi mātauranga. I muri noa iho ka puta mai te kiriata ki waho, riro ia he mahi i Kuleshov kinofotootdele Narcompros rite upoko o te wāhanga o te kiriata whakatikatika, me te tahitia ana kaiwhakahaere o ngā rerenga kōrero.

Ko te kiriata tino rongonui

Ko te mau ohipa e tupu i runga i te mua tōrangapū i roto i 1918-1920, i kitea he whakaata tūturu i roto i te peita, e kua kiriata Lev Kuleshov. Tona filmography whānui. Ko te rīpene Newsreel tino rongonui:

• "Whakatuwheratanga o te pukahu o Sergiya Radonezhskogo".
• "Whakahōunga o te Komiti Executive Central i te kawanatanga Tver."
• "Ural".
• "Ko te ra mahi Tuatahi katoa-Russian."

I roto i waenganui i te kiriata kiriata "I te Front Whero" me "Te faahiahia Adventures o Mr. Te Hau-ā-uru i roto i te Whenua o nga mua," Kuleshov, ko wai pai i whakapumautia iho rite te kaiwhakahaere, te whakahaere ki te waihanga i tona ake kinomasterskuyu, tuhituhi he maha o ngā tuhinga me te mahi rite te kaiako i roto i te kura kiriata kāwanatanga.

hōnore

Ahakoa te meka i kiriata LEV Kuleshov te rota o tona ake kiriata, puta ana tūturu auaha tango-atu anake i te mutunga o tana mahi directorial:

• 1933 - "Te Consoler nui."
• 1942 - "Te tăpŭraa o Timur" tauari mō A. P. Gaydara.
• 1943 - "Ko matou i te Urals."

I roto i te 1941, ka karanga mahi nui Kuleshov "Basics o Film te arata'iraa" i whakaputaina, i iritihia ki maha reo ke, me i he pānga nui i runga i te whanaketanga o te tukanga cinematic.

I muri i taua, whakatau Leo ki horo'a ia ki te whakaako i VGIK, i roto i te tikanga ki te taea ki te whakaako i te toi o kaiwhakahaere taitamariki hanga kiriata.

pānga Kuleshov

Ki te taea e te tangata te whai i te pānga tika i runga i te tikanga kiriata shooting, na te reira LEV Kuleshov, tāutanga o nei mo te wa tuatahi tukua ki te hono whatiwhatinga wehe riro i ia atu i roto i te taha ki te mata o te tangata e kiia ana ki te wheako me te taa te maha o kare rerekē. huaina tenei ariā ko "Kuleshov Pānga" i roto i te ao cinematic.

ngā pānga whakaata i muri i roto i te meka e te maha o te tangi superimposed i runga i te kanohi, a ka ia, i roto i te tahuri, ko te Polyphonic me i te tae i roto i ngā huarahi rerekē rānei faaite ratou ihirangi.

mutunga

I roto i tona ora, kua riro Kuleshov he maha o tohu rongonui, ana'iraa me te tohu pūtaiao:

• Doctor o Toi.
• Artist o te iwi o te RSFSR.
• Ko te Order o Lenin.
• Order o te Banner Whero o Reipa.

Ko te tau whakamutunga o tona ora Lev Kuleshov hiahia ki te noho ki tana wahine Aleksandroy Hohlovoy. mate ia i runga i Maehe 29, 1970, a tanumia i roto i te urupā Novodevichy (1 pae, te rarangi 14).