Mahi nucleolar i roto i te pūtau aha? Te nucleolus: hanganga me te mahi

Ko te pūtau te wae taketake o kaiao ora i runga i te whenua, a ka kua te hanganga whakahaere matū matatini huaina organelles. Ko ētahi o ēnei ko te karihi, te hanganga me ngā mahi o nei e tūhura tatou i roto i tenei tuhinga.

Āhuatanga o te karihi eukaryotic

pūtau Nucleated i roto i tona hanganga kei organelles kore-membrane porotaka, atu i karyoplasm me huaina nucleolus nucleoli ranei. i kitea ratou i roto i te rau tau 19. Na feunga ako nucleoli roto irahiko Microscopy. Tata noa kahore i tāutuhia te 50s o te mahi rautau 20 nucleolar, a whakaaro pūtaiao tenei organelle, pai, kia rite ki te awa ki o matū e manawapa whakamahia i roto i whāū pūira.

Kua whakapumautia rangahau Modern e te organoid ngā granules āhua nucleoprotein. Ano, whakapumautia ngā matüora e Kei roto i te organelle he maha nui o pūmua. E meinga e ratou tona kiato tiketike. I tua atu proteids, nucleoli reira i roto i te hanganga i te nui iti o te RNA me DNA.

huringa pūtau

Te mea faahiahia, i roto i te ora o te pūtau, e ngā o te wā okiokinga (interphase) me te wehenga (whāiti pūira - te sex, whāū - te pūtau somatic), nucleoli rongoa tamau. Na, i roto i te karihi interphase ki te nucleolus, e mahi - tiaki o te huinga ira me te hanganga o nga organelles pūmua-synthesizing he hakari tika. I te timatanga o te wehenga pūtau, ara prophase, ngaro ratou me te re-i hanga anake i te mutunga o te telophase, te pupuri i roto i te whare herehere tae noa ki te wehenga i muri ranei ki apoptosis - tona whakangaromanga.

kaiwhakahaere nucleolus

I roto i te 30raa o te rau tau whakamutunga, kua kitea aivanaa e te mana i te hanganga o te nucleoli e etahi wāhanga o etahi pūira. Kei roto ratou ira, e rokiroki mōhiohio e pā ana ki te mea hanganga me aha e nga mahi o te nucleolus i roto i te pūtau. He he he hononga ki waenganui i te nui o kaiwhakahaere nucleolar me organelles ratou. Hei tauira, te clawed African poraka kei roto i tona karyotype rua pūira nucleolus me te kupu i roto i te karihi o ngā pūtau somatic ko reira e rua nucleoli.

Mai te mahi nucleolus rite te pai kia rite ki tona aroaro te tata e pā ana ki te wehenga pūtau me te hanganga o ribosomes, nga organelles hapa ratou i roto i te kiko roro tino motuhake, toto, a i roto i te blastomeres kākano Mace.

amplification o nucleoli

Te taahiraa waihanga interphase me pītauira whaiaro tuaruatia ai-puta i te taikaha o ira rRNA. Mai te mahi matua o te nucleolus - te hanga o ribosomes, i roto i te hononga ki te overexpression o te huanui DNA e kawe mōhiohio e pā ana ki te RNA tino nui haere te maha o ēnei organelles. Nucleoproteins, e kore e pā ana ki te pūira timata ki te mahi autonomously. Ka rite ki te hua - he nucleoli plurality i karihi i hanga, faaatea ano i te pūira nucleolar. huaina ana tēnei āhuatanga ko amplification o ira rRNA. Tonu ki te ako i te mahi o te nucleolus i te pūtau, mōhio tatou e te kaha te nuinga o te kōtuitanga puta i roto i te prophase meiotic o whāiti pūira, ai pea kei te oocytes tikanga tuatahi e rave rahi rau nucleoli.

riro te auraa koiora o tenei āhuatanga mārama ina whakaaro koe e i roto i te tīmatanga o te embryogenesis: kuru me te blastulation, e hiahia ana koe he nui nui o ribosomes synthesizing te rauemi whare matua - pūmua. Amplification - tukanga tika noa, e te reira wahi i roto i te oogenesis o ngā tipu, ngā ngārara, amphibians, rewena, me etahi protists.

organelles hanganga Histochemical

tonu tatou i te ako o ngā pūtau eukaryotic me o ratou hanganga, ka whakaaro te nucleolus, hanganga me ngā mahi e kei te honohono. Kei te kitea te reira e toru ngā momo o ngā huānga kei roto i te reira:

1. Nukleonemy (pāhau hanganga). He heterogeneous ratou me i roto i fibrils me kapia nei. Hei wāhanga o rua tipu me te kararehe pūtau, pokapū puka fibrillar nukleonemy. Ko ti'aturi i runga i te roto aroaro o te kopu hoki hanganga me te mahi o te nucleolus Cytochemical - he whatunga o te tohutoro pūmua hanganga tuatoru o nga rāpoi ngota.
2. Vacuoles (ngā).
3. pire potakataka (nucleolin).

Mai i te tirohanga o te tātari matū, ngā te organoid tata katoa o te RNA me te pūmua, me te ko DNA anake i tona taha, hanga he hanganga annular - pūpūira okoloyadryshkovy.

Na kua whakapumautia e matou e titoa te hanganga o te nucleolus te o rima hinonga: te pokapū potakataka me fibrillar, pūpūira, te reticulum pūmua me te wāhanga fibrillar mātotoru.

momo o nucleoli

hanganga matüora o enei organelles, tei runga i te momo pūtau i roto i nei e ratou hakari, me te te āhuatanga o ratou pākia. Wehewehe 5 momo o nucleoli hanganga taketake. Origin - reticular, te tino noa, me te e āhuatanga e te nui o mātotoru kūtai rauemi fibrillar me nucleoproteins irakarihi. Ko te tukanga o te hiki fo◊ou mōhiohio kaiwhakahaere nucleolar he kaha rawa, na e painga kitea i raro i te karu i te pokapū fibrillar.

Mai te mahi matua o te nucleolus i roto i te pūtau - te kōtuitui o subunits ribosomal, o nei hanga nga organelles pūmua-synthesizing, te momo reticular o whakahaere tūturu i roto i rua tipu me te kararehe pūtau. puta momo annular Nucleoli i roto i ngā pūtau kiko tūhonohono: lymphocytes me ngā pūtau endothelial, e tuhi rRNA ngā nei ira. E kitea nucleoli wäriu i roto i ngā pūtau tino ngaro te kaha ki te tuhi, hei tauira, normoblasts me enterocytes.

ahua Segregated o ngā pūtau tūturu i ite carcinogens haurangi, paturopi. Hei whakamutunga, he momo kiato o pokapū fibrillar nucleolar āhuatanga e te huinga me te maha iti o irakarihi.

kopu pūmua Nucleolar

tonu tatou i te ako o te hanganga ā-o te hanganga pata, me te whakatau he aha e nga mahi o te nucleolus i pākia e pūtau. Kei te mohiotia te reira i pā ana ki 60% i te taimaha maroke e hinga ki runga ki tenei pūmua organelle e hanga ake pūpūira, matūriki ribosomal, me te tika pūmua nucleolar. Kia titiro tatou ratou i roto i ngā kōrero. Ko wāhi i roto i te tukatuka wāhanga o te proteids - te hanganga o te RNA ribosomal pakeke. Ko ētahi o ēnei RNA polymerase 1 me nuclease e tango te demoni i te taikaha me ngā rāpoi ngota rRNA katoa. Pūmua fibrillarin kei roto i te wähanga fibrillar mātotoru me, rite nuclease me mahi tukatuka. Ko tētahi atu pūmua - nucleolin. Fakataha ki fibrillarin ko reira i roto i te nucleoli PFC ko FC me nucleolar prophase kaiwhakahaere pūira o whāū.

Taua polypeptide rite nukleofozin kei roto i te rohe potakataka me te wāhanga fibrillar pūrerehu, uru te reira i roto i te hanganga o te ribosomal 40 S me 60 S subunits.

He aha e te nucleolus

Ko te kōtuitui o te RNA ribosomal - te mahi matua o te mea ki te mahi i nucleoli. I tenei wa, i runga i tona mata (i.e. i roto i ngā pokapū fibrillar) puta tuhinga i te polymerase whākōkī RNA. I tenei kaiwhakahaere nucleolar synthesized rau o mua-ribosomes ribonucleoprotein huaina globules. O aua subunits ribosomal i hanga e na roto i te kōputaputa karihi, me te waiho karyoplasm ratou i roto i te cytoplasm pūtau. Kei te hono nga 40s subunit iti ki te RNA karere, a muri anake e nga 40s subunit nui piri te ki a ratou. Image o te ribosome pakeke ahei ki te päpäho - te kōtuitui o pūmua pūtau.

I roto i tenei tuhinga i ako matou hanganga nucleolar me te mahi i roto i te tipu, me te kararehe pūtau.