Pākia pūngao

Pākia - Ko te wāhanga faufaa o ngā mahi faufaa o te tinana. Kei roto te reira e rave rahi tukanga. Energy pākia tā wāhinga o ngā matū waro me pūhui matū tuku pūngao me ngā hononga. Kei te tuhia te reira e hanga reira atu tohatoha te wahi i roto i te puka o te wera. waiho e tētahi atu wahi e ki rāpoi ATP.

Ngā wāhanga o te pākia pūngao i roto i nga kararehe

Ko te wāhanga tuatahi - faaineineraa. haamata Energy pākia ki kătahi kai ki te tinana kararehe ranei tangata i roto i te puka o ngā huānga macromolecular matatini. I mua i ô, ko te whakangaromanga o enei iti rāpoi pūhui taimaha ki te kopa me ngā pūtau.

kawea wāhinga Hydrolytic o matū organic te roto ki te whai wāhitanga o te wai. e tenei tukanga wahi i roto i te wahi kūnatu (multicellular), i te taumata pūtau (i roto i lysosomes) i roto i te vacuoles kūnatu (rauropi pūtau) i raro i te mana o etahi whākōkī.

Kua pakaru iho pūmua i roto i te tangata, me te kararehe i roto i te puku me te duodenum ki amino waikawa. e tenei tukanga wahi i raro i te mana o te peptidgidrolaz (chymotrypsin, trypsin, pepsin). Ahakoa i roto i te kōhao-waha haamata te tukanga o wāwāhi polysaccharides. Tenei whākōkī Ko ptyalin wāhi. wāhinga atu o polysaccharides puta i raro i te mana o te amylase i te duodenum. Tenei mai te rärangi o te ngako. pānga ana tēnei tukanga te lipase. Ko te pūngao tukua e te ka tohaina i roto i te puka o te wera.

Energy pākia tā tuku o ngā wāhanga kai i roto i to ratou toto, me te kawe o ngā pūtau me okana katoa. I roto i te pūtau tomo ratou tika ki te cytoplasm he lysosome ranei. Ki te pakaru matū ki raro i roto i lysosomes i te taumata pūtau, tukua tonu ratou ki roto ki te cytoplasm. Tenei taahiraa tā te faaineineraa o te pūhui ki te tuukinotanga intracellular.

I roto i te rua i te pākia atamira pūngao tohu hāora anoxic. Tukanga kupu puta kahore whai wāhitanga o te hāora, i te taumata pūtau. Hāora e wahi i roto i te cytoplasm pūtau. Ko tētahi o nga āhuatanga matua ki te whakarite i te utu pūngao, he kūhuka. Ētahi atu pūhui organic (waikawa amino, nonireka, waikawa ngakongako) e ngā i roto i te tukanga o te hurihanga i roto i ngā wāhanga rerekē.

huaina te wāwāhi o te te kūhuka i waho te hāora te glycolysis. Tenei pūhui te whakamamaetia maha ngā panoni whai. Tuatahi, i reira he tona faafariuraa ki huahuka. fosfoliruetsya kūhuka - whakahohe e rua ngā rāpoi ngota o ATP, tahuri ki te huahuka-diphosphate. Tenei mara pirau waro hexahydric muingota ki toru-waro rāpoi glycerophosphate rua. Ka rite ki te hua o te maha tauhohe o puta te piti hāora. Ko te kupu ngaro rāpoi ngota e rua ngota hauwai, tahuri iku ki te rāpoi ngota o te waikawa pyruvic. Ko te hua o enei tauhohe synthesized te wha rāpoi ngota o ATP. Ko te whakahohenga tuatahi o rua rāpoi te kūhuka o ATP i whakamahia, i roto i te 2ATF whānui pae hopea i hanga. Tukua, ko te kupu i roto i te mimiti haere o te pūngao te kūhuka he wāhanga i rahuitia, me te wahi tukua i roto i te puka o te wera.

I te toru o nga wā, te respiration (hāora koiora). Ko te taea anake tenei taahiraa i raro i te mana o te hāora. I roto i tenei whakaaro, e karangatia ana ko te hāora. e tenei tukanga wahi i roto i te pungaraungao.

I roto i te ngā whānui utu (matua) utu pūngao (i runga i toharite) mo te pakeke, ko te pā ana ki 24 kcal / kg / ra. I roto i te tātai i te tangata toharite i runga i te kohi rā o 1500 kcal mō wahine, me te e pā ana ki 1700 kcal mō te tangata. I roto i te tūroro ki te tono pūngao kōtaha māuiuitanga rerekē ia ra i taea e ara e rua ki te toru nga wa.