Mea Organic ratou āhuatanga, me te whakarōpū

matū Organic - he pūhui e e tito o ngā ngota o waro enei. Tonu i roto i nga tīmatanga o te whanaketanga o te matū, i wehea matū katoa ki e rua ngā rōpū: kohuke, me te organic. I roto i aua wa i whakaaro ai e i roto i te tikanga ki te synthesize mea organic Me whai koe i te tuatahi "kaha te ora" e e ahurei ki te pūnaha ora koiora. Na reira te kōtuitui o ngā pūhui matū waro i te kohuke e taea. Ko anake i roto i te tīmatanga o te rau tau 19, ta F. Weller ngā whakaaro me te tiomimi synthesized i haukinia cyanate, e ko, riro ia te mea organic i te kohuke. Na he maha o pūtaiao synthesized chloroform, aniline, waikawa tāpia me maha atu pūhui matū.

matū Organic Ko te pūtake o te oraraa o te mea ora, a ka ko te kai tino mō te tangata me te kararehe. Te nuinga o ngā pūhui matū waro e rauemi raw mō te ngā ahumahi - kai, matū, te marama, rongoā etc.

I reira, i reira e neke atu i te 30 miriona. He momo o ngā pūhui matū waro. Na reira, matū organic tohu ratou te piha tino whānui o pūhui matū. He momo o ngā pūhui matū waro e pā ana ki te āhuatanga ahurei, me te hanganga Carbo. hono tahi Carbo ngota pātata e kotahi maha ranei (rua, takitoru) here.

matū Organic. Matū.

pūhui Organic āhuatanga e te aroaro o te kotuari C-C here, a neke here kotuari C-N, C-e, C -Hal, C- whakarewa, me ētahi atu Ko te tauhohe tango te wahi e whai wāhi mai matū organic i etahi āhuatanga i roto i te rite ki te kohuke. I roto i te tauhohenga o ngā pūhui pararopi te tikanga ngā ngota wāhi. E mea pinepine e tino nohopuku enei tauhohe, i ētahi wā tonu i te pāmahana tino arotau. I roto i te tauhohe ki te matū organic rāpoi nuinga whai wāhi. Me mea te reira e i roto i tenei take e pakaru etahi here kotuari, me te tahi atu e te kupu i hanga. Tikanga, puta nui atu āta enei tauhohe, me he tika hoki to ratou whakaterenga ki te whakapiki ake i te pāmahana te whakamahi i te whakakōkī (waikawa turanga ranei) ranei.

Ka rite ki te ara o matū waro i roto i te āhua? Te nuinga o te pūhui waro i roto i noatia synthesized i te tukanga o te ahotakakame i te hauhā me te wai i roto i te chlorophyll matomato o ngā tipu.

Karaehe o ngā pūhui matū waro.

Whakarōpū o ngā pūhui matū waro e hāngai ana i runga i A. Butlerov ariā. Ko te whakarōpū nahanaha he nomenclature pūtaiao taketake e āhei taonga organic e karanga, i runga i te tātai hanganga tīariari. E hāngai ana te whakarōpūtanga te i runga i ngā āhuatanga matua e rua - waro kōhiwi hanganga, maha, me te whakanohonga o nga rōpū mahi i roto i te rāpoi ngota.

Waro kōhiwi - he reira kainga i roto i ngā tauhohe matū o te rāpoi ngota o te matū waro. Runga anō i ona hanganga, e wehea matū pararopi katoa ki ngā rōpū.

Na roto i te pūhui acyclic ngā matū ki te mekameka waro tika branched ranei. Na roto i te pūhui carbocyclic ngā matū ki te huringa, e wehea ratou ki e rua subgroups - alicyclic me kakara. pūhui Heterocyclic - matū e hāngai ana rāpoi e koropiko i hanga e ngota me ngā ngota carbonyl o ētahi atu āhuatanga matū (hāora, Nitrogen, te pūngāwhā) heteroatoms.

Hoki, kua whakarōpūtia e te aroaro o ngā rōpū mahi e he wahi o te rāpoi ngota matū waro. Hei tauira, akomanga waiwaro (okotahi - i roto i to ratou rāpoi ngota i ngā rōpū mahi), phenols, ngā waiwaihā, ketones, aldehydes, amines, hākawa, ngā waikawa carboxylic, me ētahi atu Kia mahara te reira e ia rōpū mahi (COOH, OH, NH2, SH, NH, KORE) whakatau i nga āhuatanga physicochemical o te pūhui.