Manuao "Admiral Gorshkov" Project 22350

Navy - te rota o te whenua hōia, me te ahumahi tino matatau anake. Ka taea e koe te hoko i te kaipuke, engari e kore te mea e tika ana ki te waihanga i te hanganga katoa ki a ia mo angitu. Ehara i te mea maere e te āhua o te ahumahi te pahi i roto i to tatou whenua meinga nga kaipuke hohonu ahua: kihai i nga kaipuke hou hanga, te koroheke āta whakawhanake i te rauemi. Aua'e, āta timata te āhuatanga ki te whakapai ake. He haamauraa ataata - frigate "Admiral Gorshkov".

I whakarewahia te reira i runga i Oketopa 29, 2010. Ko te ahurei tenei kaupapa i roto i taua he reira e kore anake te kaipuke tuatahi whakarewatia i muri i te Union, engari ano hoki te tauira tuatahi o tenei momo o te hangarau, i hangaia "i te wahanga", i waho te whakamahi o ngā whanaketanga Soviet.

Mō te hītori o

i muri tonu i te whenua te moni ki te whakamahinga o tētahi hōtaka pahi hou, i whakatakotoria ai ki raro, ka whakarewa i runga i te kaupapa waka ruku 955, 885 me te 667. i maoro ko reira te tahuri o kaipuke mata. manuao New "Admiral Gorshkov" Project 22350 i hanga e te tohunga KB "Te Tai Tokerau". kaihoahoa rangatira o te kaupapa ko P.M.Shrayko. Tohuwāhi puta te kaipuke i te tau 2006. Ka rite ki te ai tūmanakohia, hanga ana e nui roa te tikanga te manuao tuatahi o Project 22350, engari whakahaere tonu no Norevetia ki te pupuri i te wā whaitake, i te noa'tu o te mau fifi katoa.

I hanga hoahoa kaipuke hou, me te whakaaetia i roto i te 2003. A, no te, i roto i te 2005, whakaaturia tona hanganga i te ngawari tūmatanui, kitea noa e toru artist nui nei e tino nui rite ki taua tidbit kore te ka whakataetae, "Severnaya Verf", "te amipere" me "Sevmash". I roto i te mutunga, te matau ki te hanga mahue te mo St. Petersburg, "Severnaya Verf". whakaaturia Experience kua e ko te reira i te whakatau tika.

Faufaa o Project 22350 kaipuke mo korero te whenua o

E riro te reira i te kupu ohorere i āhuatanga te takutai o te whenua kei te rite te roa, me tona whenua uaua. to tatou kaipuke ko te raruraru i roto i e ngā reira he huinga o morare a tū kaipuke tawhitotia, i roto i te take o te whakaeke hoariri pea nui noa e taea e kore te tiaki i te taua wāhi nui, ara tikanga taunekeneke ki ia manga atu, me te tahi atu o te Russian Navy ranei. Manuao "Admiral Gorshkov" ki tenei whakamārama, kei roto i te tūranga pai, no te mea te mea he wae whawhai-whakaaro maha.

Ko te kupu, Russia i te wa poto e tika ana ki te raro i te wai kia rite ki te nui e taea o kaipuke hou te Tai Guard, e kua rite rawa ki whai hua SAM me RCC. Te reira e tauturu ki te hanga i te Tai korero noa, kahore he ki te whakamahi i ngā tauira atu utu o patu. I roto i te ara rite te United States he i tenei ra. E arotahi ana te ārahitanga hōia o te whenua kia rite ki te wa i runga i te hanga o te tau nui o oko ngā utu ngāwari me te mahi, te tikanga mo te tiaki o nga wai takutai.

Me kï reira e te rawa e hiahiatia ana i te Black Moana Fleet i roto ia ratou. Ko te take i ko to tatou rōpū tenei ko i te tawhiti nui i te tahi atu Munuwao whawhai. I roto i te "whakahaere" o Ukrainians i te whenua Crimean, i reira he tata kahore pūnaha rangi korero noa, me te pere korero. Na te hunga e noho tonu i roto i kore ara e taea tōtika te whakangungu rakau, ki taea patu hoariri toe rohe. Ko te kaipuke anake e nui atu iti iho hāngai ranei ki te tino nui o te kaupapa Moana Black Fleet, GvRKr 1164,5 "Moscow". Ehara i anake e ko ia tetahi, pera whawhai ano pūnaha waka mārama e kore e whakatau ngā whakaritenga hou.

whakatūria te reira i te pūnaha o S-300F "Fort", e te tino uouangataha ki te "whenua" anti-rererangi pere matatini S-300PS. Ko te teitei mōrahi o ngā taumata patu - ki runga ki te 27 kiromita. I te wa ano, ka taea e koe te hopu ake ki ngā taumata rangi ono i te tawhiti o 90 kiromita. Ka rite ki a koutou e taea te kite, kahore tino, to tatou ope rangi korero i roto i te rohe hou o te Federation e taea kore whakamanamana. Ko reira ki te whakatika i timata tenei āhuatanga hanga kaha o te momo hou o kaipuke i roto i nga tau tata nei, a tetahi o te faahiahia tino ko tika te manuao taua o te kaupapa 22350 "Admiral Gorshkov".

Otherness

He pai te kaipuke no te mea kei te hangaia te reira ki te mahi i roto i rua i te tata, me te rohe moana tawhiti, me te ki te whakahaere ngā mahi whawhai i roto i te taiao moana. Displacement - e pā ana ki 4,500 taranata, te roa mōrahi - e kore e iti iho i 130 m, te whanui o te takere i tona mata whānui - 16 mita. Ko te roa o te akoranga - neke atu i te wha mano maero, e kore te mea iti te wa o te whakatere. I tua atu ki te pū, me te pere patu kaha, i reira te mea he tūāpapa mo te whakatamarikitanga o te toparere whawhai (Ka-28).

I roto i te tahi atu mau mea, manuao "Gorshkov" he ahurei i roto i taua e kore iti iho i te 30% o te hangarau rawa hou me ngā rauemi e whakamahia ana i roto i tona hanganga. Whakataetae i roto i Ameliká, kai superstructure me wheelhouse hanga e te hangarau "puku" e whakarato ana kaha tukituki o ngaru hihiani, te whakarite i te nui rawa o te kaipuke muna. Ehara i Koinei, ko te tohu o te muna i roto i tona hoahoa "i runga i te taumata": e pā ana ki te ahua o "Admiral" i mohiotia anake ki nga kaihoahoa me Norevetia. E kore te pēhi i patai ki te whakarewa.

rākau o te riri mahino

Manuao "Admiral Gorshkov" (whakaahua 2014 Ko e tohu) te mauria i runga i te poari i te pūnaha whawhai faahiahia. Kei roto te reira i te pūhiko katoa o missiles anti-kaipuke ( "waeroa"), me te ërä o te maunga pū 130 mm (te tere o te 30 rauna ia meneti) o, me te pere pākahiko anti-pere, me te anti-matatini. Ko te kupu, he manuao o kaupapa 22350 "Admiral Gorshkov" faikehekehe tiakina faahiahia, me te taea ki te tu ki runga hoki ratou i roto i tetahi āhuatanga.

ASW tiaki kaipuke

ASW ringa ngā i rua complexes tīmata Medvedka-2. E tū ana i roto i te wahi waenganui o te kaipuke. whakatupato ia Pūwhakarewa wha missiles ki te arata'iraa hohe. Hoki te rapunga o kaipuke hoariri pūnaha ruku pāorooro pahono "Zarya-M." I muri te whakaritea reira ki te whakakapi i tenei momo o teihana i runga i tona tairitenga matatau, "tuhinga poto-M."

Ko te hanganga o enei whakaaro ngā te pūihi ngāwari (GPBA) me tuku e taea whakarato rapunga whai hua o mua iti-haruru whakatupuranga whakamutunga. I roto i te tahi atu mea, ka taea e te pūnaha taua tōtika akatainuia torpedoes me kaipuke mata o te hoariri i te tawhiti o te 60 km. Ko te kupu, ki te patoto i te manuao "Admiral Gorshkov", te whakamahi i te whakaeke tōkiri noa tata e taea.

Parenga o rererangi hōia

Ko te miramira tūturu o te kaipuke, ko te ki te whakaturia 3S14U1 (UKSK). O te akoranga te pere. Ka taea te whakakapi i tetahi kariri wa, ka meinga te whakatakotoranga kaipuke ka huri ano hoki: tenei matatini ahurei o ona "omnivorous". Hoki, kia arotahi koutou i runga i nga āhuatanga o anti-rererangi, "HWPA-M." Ki mai ki ahau e i roto i te pāpāho e maha huaina reira "Poliment-Redoute."

Reira. Ētahi mahi ora faahiahia "Reef" he kahore rerekē, engari tino uouangataha ki te whenua "Vityaz". O te akoranga, ko te reira i runga i te ringa, ano he hēramana, a taea te whakahiko anō to ratou whenua "hoa" rite kariri tata ki hea i reira te hau korero. I roto i te tikanga e kore e ki te waiho i te hoariri e rere kahore tupono, kua tāuta hoki te kaipuke he momo hou o hihiani, āhuatanga e mahi nui i roto i te wāhanga o te kite wawe o rererangi.

Kawenga mō te reira noa wha ngohi poua (AESA) "Poliment". whakapono Tohunga e i roto i nga kaipuke o tenei momo heke mai ka whakaturia te pūnaha mana ahi kotahi, me te te tāutanga o te A-192 me Zach "Broadsword." Na roto i te ara i te korero, kua tāuta kē te mua i runga i te manuao "Admiral Gorshkov" (e kua he whakaahua i roto i te tuhinga). Ratou mahi, ko te ki te taupoki ana kaimahi onboard Ka-28, ka tango taunga me atu. nga mea timatanga katoa whawhai mahi i roto i te ara iahiko kotahi, whakarato tiaki pono i te manuao rererangi whawhai me topatopa.

kia kaipuke te ara iahiko tiaki i roto i te kotahi "huarahi" ki te hopu me te arahi tonu 16 ahanoa rere. Rawa ka pihinga mōhio - ake kotahi tākirirangi ia te rua. Ahakoa, ki te ka taea ki te wahi i roto i 22350 manuao tangata "Admiral Gorshkov" Ka tata tino patoto ia i roto i o ngā pūnaha pū. Ko te huinga o te ërä pū aunoa 130 mm me te pūnaha arata'iraa aunoa - he mea e wehingia ana. Kaua e wareware e pā ana ki te kaha i runga i-papa pakanga hiko, i te mea e taea ki te pehi i tata rawa te pūnaha o te rorohiko arahina missiles hoariri. Tenei tino kore anake whakanuia ana te tohu o te tiaki "Admiral", engari ano hoki e taea e tino whakaiti i te kawenga i runga i te waka i roto i te āhuatanga whawhai.

A i runga i te rākau o te riri anti-rererangi

E kore e pera roa i mua i mohiotia tenei mea e i roto i MNIIRE "Altair" Ko raro ara ki te whakawhanake i tētahi pūnaha iti-rahi hou, hangaia ki te tiaki i manuao ki te displacement o 1000 ki te 4.5 miriona taranata. Ka hāngai New pu anti-rererangi i runga i te pai-kï SAM "HWPA-M." Kei te riro te reira e ka whakamahi i te reira 9M96E tākirirangi, rerekē whāhoki kaha, me te pūnaha raka ūnga inertial. Ko te huinga o enei pūnaha ka hanga i te patu pono paoro, ahei ki te haukoti rererangi tino maneuverable ki te tūponotanga nui o te kore.

rerekē ana tēnei i tona manuao whakataetae "Admiral Gorshkov". Whakaahua o te kaipuke e taea ki te whakamatau tonu ki nga tohunga e he reira e taea ki te hapai i ngāwari te nuinga o te whawhai rererangi hoariri pea.

mana te tipu

I roto i te whānui, ehara i te mea maere: diesel hau mīhini huri hiko tipu, ko tona kaha kei pā ana ki 65 000 hp pā ana te reira ki CODAG pūkaha momo diesel no iho ki te whānau-DGTA M55MR (katoa i roto i te whare kotahi). Kua tukua tenei otinga hoahoa ki ngā rua te mana mōrahi tiketike, me te kakama pai ka peia i te tere iti (tamataraa moana o te manuao "Admiral Gorshkov" Kei te mārama whakaaturia).

Kei kōwae Gas-mīhini huri hiko e i roto i te wehenga whakamua, kua ngā kei te diesel i te kei.

He whakaahuatanga taipitopito o te tāutanga o te diesel

Manufacturer o kï engines diesel 10D49 Ko Kolomna wheketere. Ko te mana o ia o 3825 Kw (5200 hp), e tino aunoa ratou. I ia - whakaiti taputapu rua-tere, i te haepapa hoki te mahi motuhake tahi ranei o nga motors e rua. I te pae hopea, i reira te mea he pūnaha mana rohe. Ratou rite kapohau hau, pūkaha hau mīhini huri hiko M90FR, hangaia e rua kamupene ingoa - NPO "Saturn" ko NPP "Dawn - Mashproekt".

Te kore enei kamupene kua e kua taea iho manuao "Admiral Gorshkov". 2014 whakamatauria e he tino mauruuru ki a ratou te whakahaere kaipuke, rite riro kamupene e rua kirimana kāwanatanga ohaoha. Kei te tumanako te reira e ka tonu i te taua au pai i roto i te heke mai.

Anake i runga i tetahi diesel e puta powerplant kaipuke tonu 10400 HP, e pai kia nui ki te wahi i runga ki te 10-13 noti. Ki te diesels mahi e rua me te mana mīhini huri hiko tupu tika ake ki te 64800 hp, kia e accelerates te mīhini displacement o wha mano taranata ki te 30 knots. He aha kua whakarārangitia matou i roto i taua taipitopito? e koe whakaaro, e kore he aha taua mahi o te kaipuke toko i whakamahia i roto i nga kaipuke o te kaipuke Soviet aha? E mea ohie: kahore tetahi hiahia ki te kawe i ngā kawenga rite te whanaketanga o te pūnaha matatini. Pūnaha kia e kia kaha kore anake, engari tino pono.

I roto i tenei rohe, i taea ki te tiki i a tawhio noa ratou hoa Soviet e pai, mai i te kaipuke "Admiral Gorshkov" hamani pahi Russian - ko te tino "matamua-whanau" o Norevetia pou-Soviet. I roto i tenei ko reira rite ki T-50 toa. Kei te hangaia hoki tenei rererangi "i te wahanga" Ko te ngā Russian.

etahi hua

Korero te tikanga, te "Admiral Gorshkov" - he manuao, i roto i te mau rave'a e rave rahi, ko te māngai tika angamaheni o te kura pahi Soviet-Russian. Heoi, hoki te wa tuatahi i roto i te aamu o to tatou kaipuke i runga i nga missiles kaipuke mata whakanohoia i roto i maina. Na roto i te ara i te korero, American to tatou "hoa" Kua kitea e roa tika taua mea ki te whakanohonga taua o tenei momo o patu tika, ka rite i roto i tenei take, ko te reira taea ki te whakakore i te "kararehe" tautuhinga ki te rere, i te mea pera angamaheni mo te Soviet Navy. Tenei tino ka whakaiti i te utu o te mahi o kaipuke, rite hiahiatia ki te tunu nui iti tohunga.

Aue, te Russian Navy tae noa 2010 kihai i whai i te whakakotahitanga i roto i tenei mara. Ano, i ona ake tono motuhake ia (!) Pūnaha pere. meka whakamutunga tata hoatu te mutunga ki te whakaaro o te hanga kaipuke multipurpose. Ki te ka tango i to tatou ahumahi te pahi i te ara i whariki te kaipuke "Admiral Gorshkov", te kaipuke pae hopea tiki i te patu pono ao, ngāwari, me te kaha, e taea te whakamahi tōtika puta noa i te takutai Russian.

No te mea o te mea te "Admiral Gorshkov" mo na roa i whakaurua ki te pūnaha?

Ko te raruraru matua, e tika ana ki nei tamau i ki faataime, ko takurua ma'i he tahuri o ngā pūnaha motuhake. Ae, te cruiser "Admiral Gorshkov" hanga te hanga kaipuke St. Petersburg, engari no te mea i nga patu katoa, hihiani me ngā pūnaha Acoustics raro whakarato kaikirimana rawa rerekē! I a ratou e takoto wahi te raiona o o kawenga mo te tāke o te tuku o te manuao. I roto i ngā, i kawea mai e rave rahi mau fifi pūnaha SAM me Acoustics raro. I tua atu, o nga wa he tokorua pōkaikaha te tuku o ngā wāhanga mo te pūnaha puhipuhi hou, i waho nei te pr manuao. 22350 "Admiral Gorshkov" iti ki te mea he pai ki te kaipuke o te piha haapiiraa kotahi.

Ka rite ki motu Admiralty solves te raruraru o te kore o kaipuke?

I roto i te parau tumu, i reira ko te whakatau tika, e te inaianei whānui whakamahia. Kei te korero tatou e pā ana ki te akiaki "tārua" o nga kaipuke, e taea e mahi rite te kokoru rauhanga. Mai i tenei wāhi e te te kaupapa 22350 frigates hanga hohoro nui, i whakaritea e te reira ki te tūkino i te hanga o waka iti, no ki te whānau 11356 (e ono o ratou i whiwhi India). Ahakoa tona whakakotahitanga, ka kia whakamahia ratou i roto i ngā Munuwao. Kia aroha mai, tino mahi i waho e kore e taea e te whakama i roto i te nomenclature kia inaianei. Ko te whakamarie anake ko e kore e waiho te reira rite huanane rite ko reira i roto i te wa o te Uniana.

Ki te arotake tatou nga frigates hihiko o Project 22350 hangaia mō te retrofitting te Black Moana Fleet, kia mea ai i muri. mahara katoa ki te whakarewa i ono kaipuke. Manuao "Admiral Grigorovich," e tika ana ki te hoatu ki te mahi e pā ana ki te hawhe tuarua o 2015. Tona "teina," "Admiral Essen" tīmata ki te hokai i nga wai o te Moana Black i roto i te 2016. Ko te kaipuke "Admiral Makarov" he pea ki te e rite i mua i 2017.

Ahakoa, ki te tango tatou ki pūkete te whakanui i tino moni tūmatanui i roto i te pahi me te utanga o hinonga ahumahi i roto i te Crimea, anō-kaipuke tūponotanga nui roa. Ko te kupu, ko te manuao "Admiral Gorshkov", e kua whakakitea whakamātautau hua faahiahia i roto i te tikanga maha, ko te rerekē tika anake. Ka taea e tetahi anake tumanako e ka paturu i te ahumahi kāinga tenei whakauka.

mutunga

Ko nga mea katoa ko reira, āta whakaatu te hanga o te manuao "Admiral Gorshkov" he intensification koi o to tatou ahumahi te pahi. Kaua rawa e mai te tīmatanga o nga 1990, e kore te kaipuke i te tiki kia maha nga kaipuke hou. Ko te anake te mea o nga breakdowns auau o te supply Navy whiwhi atu o nga frigates momo taua, e anake maha taea te whakamahi i roto i te kokoru rauhanga. Ka rite ki a koutou e taea te whakaaro, e kore te mea pai rawa mo te āheinga korero whānui o te whenua i tenei āhuatanga.

I roto i te tahi mau tuhaa ki te kupu hoki tenei, me te hōia ano, e kore te mea e mea tonu nei rite ki te whakarato mārama me i taipitopito te Tor kaihanga. I tua atu, ara, no te whakamana i hanga o te manuao "Admiral Gorshkov", maha hanga whakatikatika ki tona ahua, i roto i era atu whenua e kore e taea e. He he ano hoki te take hoahoa hou whakawhanakehia ngā akomanga hou o kaipuke, e kore i noa ano hanga rawaka patu. Mitimiti ratou "i runga i te ngaro" arata'i kore noa ki te hua uruhi i roto i te utu o te hanganga, engari ano ki te totoro kati ki rahinga nui.

Mai i te wheketere ki te kaupapa whakato e tuku ano kahore haere i roto i te nui nui o te rīpene whero. Te whakatu taputapu, ngā hōtaka me ngā kaupapa pai te peculiarities o ia hanga kaipuke whakamana te tata i roto i te aratau ā-. Ko te āhuatanga tino fifi i roto i te Pacific Fleet, te wahi shipyards ranei mahue i te katoa, he ratou, engari e rite rawa ki te wa roa i mua taputapu antiquated morare, me te hangarau, i te mea noa e kore e tika ana mō ngā frigates hou ranei. He fakakātoa 'o enei raruraru katoa i runga i te wā, ka taea e arahi ki hopearaa rawa kino.

I roto i te parau tumu, i reira he nui ake rongo pai. Heoi, e kore e whai ki te anō-kaipuke kahore pānga aukati Western, no te mea kei te whakamahi i te hanga o kaipuke hangarau kāinga anake. O te akoranga, te kawemai o etahi rongoā hangarau taea whakaoti i te rota o raruraru, engari he tata mariko i te marama o te mau o te kaupapa here ke nāianei tenei kōwhiringa. Ko nga mea katoa i reira, engari ko te cruiser "Admiral Gorshkov" - he whakapehapeha tūturu o to tatou ahumahi te pahi.