Mate e pā ana ki te tiaki hauora: momo me te whakarōpū

Mate e pā ana ki te tiaki hauora, tūpono wā i roto i te mahi haumanu. A e kore e whai kupu te taote, e tamata ratou ki te mahi i taea nga mea katoa ki te whakaroa i te tīmatanga o ēnei pōauautanga. Kia aroha mai, te karo i torutoru rawa te iwi taea.

whakamāramatanga

E haumi i roto i te ariā o "e pā ana ki te tiaki hauora, mate"? Definition pānui e whai ake nei: ko tetahi tohu o te mate āhua koiora, i kitea i roto i tūroro i muri i maimoatanga i roto i te hōhipera hōhipera ranei haerenga mo te maimoatanga, ranei i roto i te marama i muri i rere i te hōhipera.

Ko tētahi atu ingoa mō tēnei rōpū o mate - mate nosocomial, mate nosocomial ranei. Kei te whakapono te reira e haere mai te mate i te manawanui i roto i te fare ma'i, no te kahore mua puta mai nga tohu tuatahi atu ra e rua i te taenga. huru whakahauanga - kore o faaiteraa manawanui o tenei mate i mua ki te türanga i roto i te whare hauora.

Me kitea Hospital mate i iatrogenic me kapo, mai he rite nui ki te kia raruraru ratou. Whakaaro mate iatrogenic, i puta tika ki te he i o kaimahi hauora i roto i te akoranga o te maimoatanga tātaritanga ranei. puta hoki kapo i roto i te iwi i te kore e taea e ki te pupuri hoki i roto i te haki huakita kapo te pūnaha ārai mate.

nuinga

Epidemiology o mate e pā ana ki te whakarato o te tiaki hauora, te whakawa e tata Center mō te mate Mana (CDC) he matekiri. I roto i te Hononga o Amerika o tetahi, me te hawhe miriona take he ia tau, neke atu i mate hawhe. I roto i Europe, te ahua he rua tekau-rima mano, Russia - e toru tekau mano. Ko taua tau iti e kore e korero e pā ana ki te kounga o te tiaki, me te kounga rawakore o te rangahau tauanga.

Hoki mate nosocomial he ona ake mau parau tumu o te whakatö, e te wehe ratou i te tahi atu mate o tenei ahua. Enei rerekētanga Ko te huarahi me ngā āhuatanga o te tuku, te pū o te mate, te tūranga o te kaimahi hōhipera i roto i te whakaū me te whakanui ake i te maha o ngā take. Ano, he uaua ki te hamani, no te mea te microorganisms e ora i roto i te whare hauora, he ātete ki raau taero enei mate.

etiology

He noa puta noa i te ao tukumate e pā ana ki te tiaki hauora. Ki te rā, i reira e neke atu i te rua rau āpiha koiora e e taea ki te meinga mate nosocomial. I mua i te wā o paturopi i ratou anaerobic Bacillus, streptococci me staphylococci. Kei te u ai inaianei e taea te take o te mate hei rotavirus, cytomegalovirus, huaketo kakā, a tae noa HIV.

Te riroraa i te wa roa i runga i te rohe o te hōhipera, i raro i te moroiti e ki te kōwhiringa tūturu me irakētanga, rite ki te hua o nei i reira he taumahatanga ātete, e ni'a'e i disinfectants, me paturopi kvartsevanie. I roto i ia hōhipera takitahi, tari, me te ara te whakahaere ora ratou "ahurei" huakita.

Rauemi me ngā pūhanga o te tuku

Ko te "mate e pā ana ki te tiaki hauora" wā tikanga te aroaro o toru tukanga tahumaero te tohorā:

- pūtake;

- tikanga tuku;

- te tangata i haria.

kia hoko HAI puna tūroro e te hunga i roto i te hōhipera mō te wa roa, me te poke tona microflora, me te kaimahi tiaki hauora, whakapā rā ki te taua huakita. Manuhiri ki te tiaki ra me te tākaro whānau i roto i te horapa o te mate nosocomial tūranga tuarua.

pea te tikanga tuku tata tetahi: fecal-waha, mahino, titi transmissive ranei. āhuatanga Whakawhiti Ko nga taputapu, pūrere hoki respiration me te tohanga, moenga, me te underwear, moenga, whakakakahuria me te rauemi suture, waewae horihori, pana wai me ngā mākū. Ēnei ngā faucets me piko, piko, rongoā e whaowhia, te wai e purea ana, rongoā rongoā horoi, wai i roto i te ipu mō te puawai, condensate i roto i te pūnaha rangi horoi, me te pera i runga i.

rōpū mōrearea

Mate e pā ana ki te tiaki hauora, te tupu pinepine tūroro i roto i te iwi ki ngoikore ngā pūnaha ārai mate. O te akoranga, nga tūroro katoa i roto i rerekē nekehanga, heke nga mahi tiaki o te tinana, engari i reira he iwi e he tino haria. Ko ētahi o ēnei:

- te iwi kaumātua;

- tamariki taimi halá, me hou;

- Tūroro ki te mate pukupuku, autoimmune, mate pāwera;

- tūroro hunga i pehia ngā mahi wā roa-;

- te iwi e noho ana i roto i te rohe taiao rüpahu.

Ko te nuinga pea, ki te tiki i mate i roto i te fare ma'i, na hoki hiahia ratou tiaki nui ake i te kaimahi hauora hōia e rārangi.

whakarōpū

He aha e nga momo o mate e pā ana ki te tiaki hauora? Te reira i katoa tei runga, i runga i te aha pūtake ki te whakarōpū ratou. Hei tauira, ki te tango koe i te ara, ka tukua: aerosol, kai, whakapā-whare, taputapu, posttranstplantatsionnye, mate i muri werohanga, huhu toto, ngā mahi, me ētahi atu tukanga endoscopic. Ki te rere, me te tahi atu mate, mate nosocomial he whakapeka, subacute me te mau tonu, me te puka kino, āhua, me te ngawari.

hanga i tetahi atu puta ke te i waenganui i nga nekehanga rerekē o nuinga, e taea te hanga mate e pā ana ki te tiaki hauora. haamata Whakarōpū ki ngā take kino:

- puka whānui: bacteremia, te septicaemia, pyosepticemia, ru kitakita.

- puka paetata.

- mahaki ko o te kiri, me te ngako subcutaneous.

- Lower mate romahā.

- puka niho.

- mahaki ko o te pūnaha kūnatu.

- mate o nga pūnaha whakaputa uri me te mimi.

- mahaki ko pūnaha musculoskeletal.

- mate o te pūnaha io.

- mahaki ko o te pūnaha Cardiovascular.

Ko te take mo te pā tiketike o

Prevention o mate e pā ana ki te tiaki hauora, e hāngai ana ki te whakaiti i te tahumaero whānui. Otiia kāore, ki te rā, e whai hua ana whakatūpatotanga katoa. Ko te take matua mō tenei - i roto i te putanga o otaota maha-ātete.

Mua roa, Ko tenei no te mea mutate nga huakita, te huri o ratou āhuatanga no te mea o te whakamahi noatia o paturopi me disinfectants. He tikanga pai hoki te hanga microflora multiresistant tuarua enei.

ātete te Paraimere - ko reira he kaha tūturu o tenei momo o te huakita ki te pato'ii te tukituki māngai. Ko te peu o taote mo tetahi take ki te whakahau paturopi arata'i ki te meka i heke te tōtika o te maimoatanga te, a kei te hoko i te huakita ātete ki raau taero. Ko te tokotoko hauora kore anake ko ki te kupu. I roto i Russia, e whakamahia iwi ki te whakarite takitahi te antibacterials, engari e kore e piri ki te tohutohu mō te whakamahi.

te mau parau tumu Fleming

E toru Fleming parau tumu tūtohutia e te Health Organization World.

Ko te parau tumu tuatahi - whakahau antimicrobials anake ka he tairongo ki a ratou te kaihoko hopuhopu. Tenei ka whakawhāiti te whakamahi o paturopi, tākuta hanga tonu rangahau whakahaere tūtohutanga o otaota mō ngā rongoā, ki te raau taero mua ki te kuiti, tūāwhiorangi arotahi o te mahi.

Ko te tuarua parau tumu Fleming ta e he tika ki te whakarite i tētahi kukū whai hua o te raau taero i roto i te lesion. Ka whakaiti i tenei ture te nui o te paturopi whakamahia fakahokohoko fakakaveinga me taero i whakaritea mō ngā take ārai. I tua atu, ka whakarato i te reira i te whai wāhi ki te whakakore i te raau taero i te kotahi, nui atu i māmālie, me te ki te whakatika i te horopeta me te tarukino e hāngai ana i runga i kotahi nga ra e whitu ngā titirohanga a te manawanui o koiora fluids kai.

Ko te parau tumu tuatoru - te hiahia ki te whakahau paturopi i roto i te horopeta a ki te whakamōhio ratou i roto i te huarahi ki te whakaiti i te pānga kino. Ka whakamahi i tenei taero atu auhia.

te hanganga o te huakita

Mate e pā ana ki te tiaki hauora kore e taea e te tīariari i waho te kawe huakita, pera-ka karanga "kore manawanui", e ka kitea puna o mate mo ētahi atu.

Bacteriocarrier - he puka o te mate e puta ka waenganui i te ope, me te werau whakapumautia toenga i roto i te tūroro, kahore faaiteraa haumanu. ki te puta i te wa ano tonu tauhohe immunological. Ki te puritia te moroiti e i roto i te puka moe i roto i rima tūroro, taui te reira i ona āhuatanga, me te riro atu, riri.

mahi ārai i roto i tenei take e:

- auau whakamātautau haumanu o kaimahi hauora;

- whakamātautau bacteriological o ngā kaimahi hōhipera;

- kite wawe, me te maimoatanga o rata pangia;

- mana Daily o te āhua o te hauora hauora.

ngā tukanga tātaritanga, me te whakaora Dangerous

Mate e pā ana ki te tiaki hauora (IHS) puta kore anake i muri i kua pau te manawanui etahi wa i roto i te maimoatanga hōhipera, engari i muri i te maha o ngā tukanga tātaritanga, me te whakaora e whai wāhi ana ki te otaota hōhipera poke. Ēnei ngā huhu toto, werohanga, pokanga te huaranga okana me te kopa. I roto i whakaora he intubation, rehunga inhalation, taputapu mo te tautoko te ora, te whakatakoto catheters. Ano, Ka taea e mate puta i muri i tātari toto maimoatanga, inhalations me maimoatanga kaukau.

Whakarōpū i Spaulding

Mate e pā ana ki te tiaki hauora, e taea te tuku i roto i ngā pūrere hauora. Na reira wehea ratou e Spaulding ki ngā rōpū e toru, tango rite te tohu o whakarōpū te mōrea o kirimana i te otaota hōhipera.

Ko te rōpū tuatahi - nui. Ēnei ngā mea hāparapara, catheters, implants, ngira, me i werohia inu.

Ko te rōpū tuarua - polukriticheskie: taputapu endoscopic me inhalation, taputapu hoki rehunga, ine pāmahana rectal.

Ko te toru o te rōpū, aua, noncritical. Ko te te tahi atu mea katoa: i te oko, te aroturuki i te pēhanga toto, tokowae, rihi, kaitaka, ngā ine pāmahana axillary.

ārai

Prevention o mate e pā ana ki te tiaki hauora, i runga i Health Organization World tūtohutanga mo te ārai o mate nosocomial. I roto i te ārai pai kia ngā toru ngā wāhanga:

- te whakaiti o te mate i waho te hōhipera;

- whakarerenga o mate i te mahi i runga i te wae tukanga urutā;

- te tango o te okotahi tera taha te mate hōhipera.

Hoki tenei whakaaro i reira tūroro mātao ki nui ngā mate hopuhopu i roto i ngā pouaka motuhake ki wāhi motuhake, me te putanga, e kore nei e kōrero ki te toenga o te wehenga. I tua atu, i roto i ia wehenga, me te nāianei kawea whānui sanitization taputapu me papa. Ko te auau o enei ngā tei runga i te hiahia: i roto i ngā tari rongoā ā- - uaua, hāparapara, aua, ake pea.

maimoatanga

Mate e pā ana ki te tiaki hauora, ahakoa ki te uaua, engari tonu Nireaha ki te therapy tarukino. Tümanako, whakatakoto te tākuta he kaihoko antimicrobial motuhake o te tūāwhiorangi kuiti o mahi, e hangaia nei mo te momo motuhake o te tukumate. Otiia i roto i te mahi ko te whakauaua taea tenei, no te mea te microflora hua me te tātari tūtohutanga e wiki, ka me te manawanui ki te kia tukinotia tonu. Na reira, kua ki te whakarite therapy empiric i runga i o ratou whakatau te tākuta. Ko te kōwhiringa o te rongoā paturopi tei runga i te matauranga o te taote e pā ana ki te mea otaota a kaha i roto i te tari.

I roto i te tikanga ki te whai tukumate whakatika ātete tarukino, he mea e tika ana ki te piri ki te hurihanga o raau taero, e ko, nga marama e rua, e toru te huri ratou. Te reira e tauturu whakaiti resistance me te whakapai ake i ngā putanga maimoatanga.