Cars, Aronui
Mīhini Soviet. Cars "Moskvich", "Täingäwai", "koekoea", "Victory"
Te Union Soviet i roto i te ao i whakaaro he whenua kaha. I roto i te USSR, tae ratou wahi tiketike nui i roto i te pūtaiao, me te rongoā. Ko reira riro te Soviet Union te iwi wāhi ka rere he hangarau e tahuri te aamu katoa o te ao i roto i te heke mai. Ko te whakawhetai ki te hinengaro pai i roto i te Soviet Union, a ka timata ki te whakawhanake i te ahumahi wāhi. Āpiti atu ki te hangarau wāhi, te pūtaiao me te rongoā tipu i roto i te whenua nui, me te ahumahi automotive. Heoi, ahakoa tino ahunga whakamua i roto i te ahumahi automotive o te USSR muri ia te toenga o te ao. Otiia e kore e tenei tikanga e te mīhini Soviet - kino. Tīkina maheni ki te māngai tino rongonui o te ahumahi pereoo kāinga, e kua whakaaro waiata faka tenei ra.
Ko te whanau o te ahumahi aunoa motu
I roto i 1927, te upoko o te Soviet Union, ui Stalin e i roto i te wā-tau e rima tuatahi - Kua whakawhanakehia te ahumahi automotive kaha, me te whakataetae i roto i te whenua - i 1928 ki te 1932. I taua wa, i roto i te rite ki te whenua Pākehā, me te US, te ahumahi motokā i roto i te whenua, ko te mau ngaro, a kihai i te Soviet Union he whakataetae mo automakers o te ao. Heoi, i reira i neke atu i te 3 miriona tangata i roto i te tirohanga o te whanaketanga tere o ahumahi i te waenganui o te tau 1928, whai wāhi i roto i te hanga o te waka.
A, no te mutunga o te mahere tuatahi-tau e rima i roto i te ahumahi pereoo mahi hoki neke atu i te 6 miriona iwi. Na roto i tenei mahere, i hanga te Soviet Union he piha pāpori hou - te mahi mo te ahumahi automotive ki moni pai i taua wa. Otiia ahakoa hanga he maha nui o mahi, a whakaarahia paerewa ora mo te tokomaha motokā, me te ka ko he papai. hokona mihini Soviet anake ngā te piha haapiiraa mahi. Kei te whakaaro tenei te meka e te mana pereoo i 1932 tae e pā ana ki 2.3 miriona kape.
Kim motokā subcompact
Glavavtoprom i August 1938 opua nei ki te whakawhanake me te tīmata hanga o ngā waka pāhihi iti. Tona mahere ki te whakatū i te tipu huihui motokā i roto i te Moscow, hanga i roto i te kororia o te CMM.
Hoki te whanaketanga o te motokā āhua tari hoahoa i te wheketere. Arahina te tukanga mātanga Nāti A. N. Ostrovtsev. I runga i te hoahoa me te Bodywork mātanga mahi GAZ. Ko te whanaketanga i tere, me te mea he pūtake faaoti ki te tango i te American Ford Haohaoá, unreleased i te wa i roto i te UK. Solutions, e kua whakamahia te Engineers Ford, i tino waia ki Engineers i te USSR - hua kua te whenua e rave rahi tauira o waka e hāngai ana i runga i Ford A me AA. Ahakoa i tangohia te pūtake o te reo Ingarihi me te motokā, hoahoa tinana - tino Soviet. GAZ tohunga mahi i runga i te reira. I roto i te tukanga, kua hanga e ratou e rua rerekē - he tauira ki te tinana kati me e rua nga tatau, me te whiwhinga noa tuwhera. He aha te mea ngā, i hanga te waka i runga i ngā taputapu i te United States.
Hoki hanga whakamahere ki te hono i te momo o ngā tipu o te USSR. Ko te kupu, i hanga ZISe i te anga, puna, forgings. Gas hanga wahi tinana taketake me castings. He maha nui o ahumahi rerekē i ki te whakarato i tētahi toa whakaminenga ki nga mea katoa e hiahia ana koe - karaihe, potae, rauemi hoki upholstery, me te ko nga kōrero katoa i runga i Kim ki te hanga kihai i taea e tika.
waho
huaina te tauira ko Kim-10, me i taua wa ko reira he taahiraa nui mo te ahumahi automotive katoa.
tahuri ahua o te pereoo i roto i ki te waiho i te hou, me te hou, pērā i ētahi atu waka Soviet. e kore te mea nui rerekē i te tauira ke āhua Tinana me te hoahoa whānui. Ko rawa matatau hoki tona wa te tinana o tenei motokā.
whakatuwheratia te araa kei te ake, ka ko momo kalokataile. Hei whakatuwhera reira, kua hanga nga kaihoahoa te tohu. Ko te taha o te araa i fairing ki te tupohehia. te rahi o nga tatau i whanui nui, ō atu ratou tahuri rongoatia. Ka taea te tuku iho te matapihi taha.
Āhuatanga hoahoa
I tua atu ki ngā whakaaro hou i roto i te kau o hanganga o te motokā, ka whakamahia nga rongoā atu momo. Ko te kupu, ko te raro e kore tikanga mo to ratou whakarerekētanga te pūkaha-piha. tūhono ahunga tokotoko Babbitt. He tawhito Thermosyphon pūnaha meangiti, engari i whakamahia i roto i te CMM-10. i roto hoki rongoā momo - pūnaha whakatārewatanga tikanga, frein aunoa. hohoko rama he momo semaphore.
āhuatanga hangarau
E wātea ana i roto i ngā momo tinana e rua tenei motokā - he sedan-tatau e rua, me te chaise i te taha. i whakanohoia e wha pāhihi i roto i te motokā.
roa Body ko 3960 mm, whanui - 1480 mm, tiketike -1650 mm o. whakawātea whenua - 210 mm. Ka taea e te tank wahie pai 100 rita o wahie.
whakanohoia te pūkaha i roto i te mua o te ōna. Ko he 4-puoto carbureted powerplant wha-patunga. Ko tōna rōrahi ko 1170 mita pūtoru. i hoatu cm. Engine 30 rita. he. 4000 mano. REV. takirua te pūkaha e ki te tuku ā-ringa e toru-tere. i te waka, he puku muri-wira, a ko tona kohi wahie e pā ana ki 8 anake L ia 100 km.
Ko te hītori o tenei motokā mutu i roto i te 1941.
puta te hiahia mō tenei motokā i roto i te 50s. Ko te kupu, i roto i te Soviet Union i reira ki te hanga i tētahi kanohi taumata-mīhini, e pai kia ōrite ki te ngā ahua o te wa. Kua whakawhanakehia kaihoahoa Kaupapa hau me Zisa me ZIL. I tua atu, he tawhito te ZIL-111.
Hua mahi GAZ tohunga aroaro ki te iwi whānui i roto i 1956. tīmata te hanga rangatū o te motokā tae noa ki e rua tau i muri mai, i roto i te 59. Neke atu i te te 22 tau e hanga tenei tauira, i whakaputaina 3189 kape katoa. I runga i te hoahoa rongonui o te waka whakaahuatia mahi nui-ingoa kaihoahoa Eremeev. I runga i te waho o te mīhini e lava ke fakatotolo'i āhuatanga o te ahumahi pereoo American.
riro GAZ-13 "Chaika" Kua aha te reira i muri iho i mahara, e kore e tonu. I te mahi i runga i te tinana i hanga e rua ngā kōwhiringa. Mai i e kitea production tauira i nga rama hiku, rama tūnga mua, moldings me haurangi wira i roto i te anga o te wini.
āhuatanga hangarau
He āhuatanga mīharo tēnei motokā. Tahora - perednemotornaya me puku muri-wira. Koinei, ara ka whakaturia tenei pereoo i toru-wā tuku hurihiko-aunoa.
He rua nekeneke - GAZ-13 me GAZ-13E. Tenei waru-rango engines V-āhua o 5.5 rita. Heoi, tatau te kōwae tuatahi i runga i te A-93 wahie, me te tuarua i runga i - A-100. Ano, te rua o nga pūkaha he ōwehenga kōpeketanga teitei me te kaha o 215 hp i te kōwae tuatahi he kaha o 195 rita. he. hoahoa nekeneke rerekē auaha - he matenga puoto konumohe me vaolo.
rite rawa te pūkaha i ki te wai matao, me te Carburetor, arā, o ngā pūtau e wha. Engine ki te tuku aunoa taea whakatere i te waka ki te 160 km. Ki 100 km o motokā e marara hoki 20 hēkona.
Ki te whakaaro ki te kohi wahie i roto i te mīhini huringa ngā pau 18 rita ia 100 kiromita. whakarato tuku aunoa toru tuku - ko reira kūpapa, taputapu tuatahi, te kaupapa me te hoki. i ahau ki te whakawhiti ratou te whakamahi i te pātene i runga i te Papatohu.
Ko te kupu, ko te GAZ-13 - ko te tauira turanga tenei. Roto, i te tuarongo e toru nga rarangi o tūru, ka rerekē te tauira tino i taputapu o production.
GAZ-13 - te reira te tauira taketake taua, engari i tāuta i te fare e arai ana i waenganui i te pāhihi me te taraiwa.
13B - he motokā ki te tihi kotuituitanga, whakamahia tenei whakarerekē i roto i te parade hōia.
13C - he pereoo. Tenei whakarerekē i roto i te raupapa kihai i haere. whakaputaina Tapeke e pā ana ki e rua tekau o enei mihini.
motokā kiato "Moskvich" -400
Ko te tauira i muri i muri i te Kim-10-52 tenei. Mahi i runga i te motokā tīmata i muri i te whawhai, i roto i te tīmatanga o 1946. tipu hoki i muri ke i te whawhai tona ingoa ki "Moskvich". Ko te motokā o te iwi, i ko e hanga ki te aroaro o te whawhai.
whakaputaina te motokā i roto i te whakapakoko o Opel Kadett K38, whakawhanakehia e te e General Motors i .38. Kua taputapu katoa kua kaweake ki Germany, kihai i reira taea ki te whakaora pane mo te hanga o te tinana, na i ahau ki te waihanga i ō rātou ake, Soviet.
Whakawhanakehia tenei kāinga motokā me Engineers Tiamana. Ko te utu o te mīhini, kia rite ki ngā puna - i 8000 ki te 9000 moni. Ko te rota o te moni, me i mua, he torutoru noa i taea utu i te hou "Moskvich" -400, engari i roto i te toko i te ora 50 o te iwi, kua nui haere, ka kapi te mīhini ake he rārangi tatari.
waho
Ka rite ki te turanga whakamahia Opel Kadett K38. Ko te tino pai ki a Stalin i te mīhini, ka whakahau ia i hanga te Soviet Union he tārua tangohia. Me mea te reira e i hanga Opel i Germany te aroaro o te whawhai, me te hanganga katoa tahi ki te hoahoa ko tawhito i roto i te 40s. Opel i tenei wa hua atu ngā tauira, engari ki te totohe ki a Stalin, i maia kahore tetahi. I muri ka whakahou i te titiro he bit, engari e kore e te pāngia te tinana.
pūkaha
Mai Germany he i kahore tuhinga o te wae mana kore, whakawhanakehia Engineers Soviet te nekeneke hou. Waka ki Tarahihi me vosmiklapannym wha-kōwae, ko tona kaha ko 23 anake rita. he. ka te rōrahi mahi o 1100 mita pūtoru. cm. Rere te pūkaha ki te rua o toru-atamira tōnā ā-. hanga te wae te mana kei te i raro i te A-66 wahie. Ko te auau rere 8 rita ia 100 kiromita i te tere mōrahi o te 90 km / h.
GAZ
I tenei tipu hua te rota o rerekē tauira ngā. Ko tētahi o ratou - he A. hau te hītori o cars tīmata i Detroit. Ko reira ka e whakaritea e te tangata tawhito Genri Ford e Ford T noa tūnga tawhito. A ka mau ia ki a reira atu te aho whakaminenga. Engari, rere tatou te tauira A. kua te taahiraa tuatahi kua whakarerekētia pūkaha - i muri i te huringa o te mana kua puta ke te reira i 23 rita. he. ki te 40. nui haere te rōrahi ki te 3.2 rita. Ko reira ano hoki he mamau kotahi-rihi maroke i roto i te motokā.
ka hanga Ford i te pūtake o te waka, me te taraka - AA, a ka haere i runga i te AAA mīhini nekeneke triaxial. Ko tenei waka kotahi, me te tikanga pūkenga rite nga kau taki Soviet. I runga i te pūtake i whakaritea e te reira ki te hanga i te waka Soviet ohie, pono, me te hangarau matatau. Ko te kupu i whanau nga tauira mua A. whakaputaina i 1932 ki te 1938.
hoahoa
kanohi āraituki takataka rua takai manahau o maitai. pani te whakamahana i ki konukoreko me te whakapaipai ki tona tapanga tuatahi GAZ whakato. Ko te wira rite rawa ki te titi waea - he āhuatanga o te hunga ko e kore ratou e rapu utu whakarerekētanga.
Wini tono karaihe triplex. Kua mono i te tank wahie kua tāuta i mua o ia ia. Sam tank kei i runga i te taiepa muri o te wehenga pūkaha - na te whakahaere ki te aukati i te hoahoa penehīni papu. hinga penehīni ki te Carburetor i mahara.
Tukuna te mīhini Soviet i roto i te hoki o "whiwhinga noa" i 5 wāhi. I roto i te take o te ua i reira taea ki te wahia te tapenakara o te kānawehi.
Salon
Ko mangu te wira urungi, ka mahi ana e ia kia rite ki te rauemi mō te he eponi. Tata te tohu i runga i te kaihoahoa urungi wira kua whakanohoia hua motuhake - ki te wā pātīmata whakaritea tuatahi, a ka whakamahia te tuarua mo te supply hau. Ōrite tere māngai ngā tau drum. Kei raro te teka hau i tāutatia he tu motuhake mo te rekereke.
Āhuatanga hoahoa
Ki te wetewete i koe te motokā, ka pato 21 anake whanau. Hoki i tono wahia pēne, i reira ko kahore taea ki te whakatika i te piha, he tohu iti o te pūkaha kōpeketanga - 4.2. Ka rite ki tono puna whakatārewatanga hake.
A iti i muri mai, ka huri tenei tauira sedan mua M-1, i hāngai hoki te i runga i te Ford A, engari whakarerekētia hoki whenua atu-ara. Ko te kupu, ka nui haere te kaha tinana, whakapakaritia whakatārewatanga. Oti displacement pūkaha kaihoro o 3.2 rita kia e te nui haere tona kaha ki te 50 rita. he.
I roto i tenei raupapa o atu-ara limousine GAZ M-1 hit i roto i 1936. Tukua neke atu i te 60 000 kape. Ko reira he tauira tino angitu.
Tenei cars Soviet i roto i te momo tinana "sedan". Ko te hanga rangatū o te motokā tīmata i roto i '56, a ehara i te mea noa nga 70 '. Ko te tauira angitu tino o te ahumahi pereoo kāinga tenei.
anga whanaketanga i roto i te 1952. I te tīmatanga mahi matou i runga i ngā tauira o te M21. mahi matou i runga i te hoahoa o te kaitoi Leonid Eremeev ko Williams. I roto i te tau 1953, kua hanga nga tauira tuatahi o te M21, e kore te Wiremu whakatata te kaupapa. i kohia te tauira tuatahi o te "Täingäwai" GAZ-21 me ka i roto i te puna o te tau 1954.
kawea whakamātautau i roto i, i roto i nei kua whakaaturia hua pai waka. Ko te hou "Täingäwai" tahuri atu te economical, nui ki runga ake i runga i nga āhuatanga hihiri o GAZ M-12 ZIM. I tua atu, ngā te motokā te hoahoa ahurei.
Ko te tauira tuatahi oti ki te nekeneke nizhneklapannym whakaritenga, i mahi i te reira rōrahi o 2.4 rita. ko kua 65 rita Engine mana. he. Ko reira he pūkaha o te "Victory", i akina atu te wheketere. I roto i te taupiri ki te wae mana whakahaeretia e toru-atamira tōnā ā-.
Car rangatira "Täingäwai" (mua-21) o mea waikura nui ātete i roto i te tinana o te waka patency pai. I teie mahana, ko reira o faka me kite e taea ona māngai kia i roto i ngā kohinga tūmataiti.
GAZ-24
I muri mai, i roto i te 1968, i runga i te pūtake o te motokā GAZ-24 i tukua. E wātea ana i roto i te momo tinana e rua te mīhini - sedan me te pereoo. I tetahi wa i reira te motokā tino whaimana. Te whakawhanake anga tonu tauira i muri i te tīmatanga o te hanga i te 21 th "Täingäwai". whakahaere te waka ki te ora e toru restyling, āhuatanga hoahoa unu ki waka American. Otira i reira i roto i te āhuatanga waho, me te taketake, hoatu hohoro te tinana.
āhuatanga Hangarau o te waka
i hua GAZ-24, rite kua tuhia, i roto i te tinana e rua. Whakawātea i 180 mm. whakanohoia te pūkaha i roto i te mua o te ōna. I whiriwhiria te pūkaha penehīni o 2.4 rōrahi L rite te wae mana. Ko tōna matotoru i 95 rita. he. Kua mahi ia i roto i taupiri ki te tuku wha-ā-ringa. kohi wahie - 13 rita ia 100 km. Ki tenei kōwae te tere mōrahi ko 145 km / h.
I runga i te pūtake whakaahuatia i roto i te "Täingäwai" a ka i hua he rota o akatuke'anga rerekē. hua hoki matou tauira mō te kaweake. Mutu tuku i roto i te 1985.
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