Momo o ngā āhuatanga ohorere, āhuatanga me te whakarōpū

Ko te raruraru o te whawhati tata tonu e hāngai ana tata tonu. Pea, kia mohio te katoa he aha te kino, me he aha ngā momo e ratou. Ka tapae tenei tuhinga i te ariā o te whawhati tata, me te whakarōpūtanga taketake unu ake i runga i te āhua me te mau hopearaa o te kino rānei.

Ko te ariā o te whawhati tata

I teie mahana te aroaro maere te rota o ngā whakamārama o te wā "whawhati tata". Ka taea e koe, Heoi, tautuhi i te whakamāramatanga tino noa, te tino whakamahia nuitia e te puna rerekē. E kīia ana, e te whawhati tata - whakapumautia te i roto i te āhuatanga rohe ngā kua whakawhanakehia hoki o nga mōrearea e. He aha te momo o mōrearea? Ka rite ki te tikanga, ko reira ngaahi fakatamaki fakanatulá, te tangata-i hanga matū ranei aituā ranei tahi atu mau huru o mau ati. Katoa o ratou pau ke kau 'i te ati ki te ora te tangata ranei hauora, te rangirua ranei te whakangaromanga o te momo o rawa rauemi rauemi ranei, a na i runga i. D.

Ko te ariā i runga ngā etahi momo o ohorere. Ko te take i he te reira mo nga momo me pehea e whakarōpūtia ratou, ka kia kōrero i muri.

Whakarōpū o ngā whawhati tata i runga i te āhua o te takenga

Ko te whakarōpū tuatahi, me te taketake, e tika ki te kia korerotia, tei runga i te āhua me te tikanga o te take mai o ngā ngā mōrearea.

He aha ngā momo o ohorere taea e koe te whakanui? E wha ngā rōpū matua.

• kino te tangata-i hanga. I roto i te poto, aituā, whakaaro te tangata-i hanga, he aituā waka, pahūtanga ranei tuma poma, etahi momo o ahi, tuku ranei riri o tuku o ngā matū, māngai iraruke koiora ranei, te whakangaromanga o whare, whare hanganga ranei. Tenei kia ngā ano nga aituā me mau ati e kua puta i roto i te kupenga engineering, te riri o aituā ranei kino tonu i runga i pāpuni, pāpuni me ētahi atu whakaurunga wai, me te pera i runga i. D. Puka o ohorere tangata-hanga, na e tino maha, me te whānui.
• whawhati tata Military. āhuatanga tēnei rōpū e te mehua nui, me te whānui hoki te whakangaromanga contamination ranei o etahi rohe. Ko te whakamahi o patu o te whakangaromanga papatipu ko i te mua i roto i tenei rōpū. Ko ētahi o ēnei karakia, pāpori, te pōuri tōrangapū me bombings, tautoitoí, āhua pato'iraa, me te nui atu.
• kino pāpori, me te tōrangapū. Ka taea te whakaahuatia momo katoa o ngā āhuatanga ohorere o tenei rōpū rite anti-ture, me te terrorism. Tikanga, ngā kāhaki, te tango o te rōpū o tangata rite taumau tenei, te ture ringa hokohoko t. E āhuatanga D. Social me ohorere tōrangapū rite mōrearea meinga e pakanga pāpori, me te tōrangapū.
• ati natura. Āhuatanga e mōrearea taiao taikaha. He maha momo rerekē o ngā āhuatanga i roto i tenei rōpū. Heoi, ratou te tikanga arahi ki te mate te tangata, te whakangaromanga papatipu o mea koiora, me pera i runga i. Karanga D. Natural ohorere te nāianei i roto i te wāhi ngā he mōrearea te āhuatanga hoki o te puna i taea e arahi ki te kino ki te taiao, taupori, ahurea rauemi me te t. d.

Ko te kupu, e whakaaro nga rōpū e whā whakarārangitia i runga ake ki te hei i te pūtake mō ngā whakarōpūtanga muri katoa me momoroto.

Whakarōpū o ohorere i runga i te pūtake rohe

Muri i roto i te faufaa e pā ana ki te whakarōpū o te horapa rohe o ari kino. Ko te momo matua o ohorere, i roto i tenei take, ano, kei te wehea ki wha ngā rōpū. I roto ia ratou:

• Emergency i te taumata ahanoa. E pā ana tēnei momo o te mōrearea anake ki etahi taonga, wāhi ranei wāhi iti. Ko te āhuatanga matua o tenei rōpū takoto i roto i te meka e kore nga hopearaa o ngā āhuatanga ohorere e haere ki tua atu i te rohe o te ahanoa. Ka rite ki te tauira, rohe tiaki parukore, i roto i nei puta te aituā.
• Emergency whenua taumata. Ko te ahua rite ki te tetahi o mua tenei momo o te mōrearea, mai puta te aituā, rite ki te tikanga, i runga i te ahanoa ngā. Heoi, kia whakawhānui i te pānga o te aituā ta'na pai tua atu i te wāhi whakaritea. Ka taea e ratou ana ki etahi ōrau o te taupori, etahi o nga wāhi, me pera i runga i. D. taumata Emergency whenua noa'i te uta e utu moni, me te ino o te huru ōhanga whānui.
• Emergency i te taumata-rohe. Rite ki te rōpū o mua, engari ko te he iti ake whānui. Ka taea e te whakawhanake i roto i ngā wāhi e rua ngā wāhi ranei (engari e kore ake). Ko te momo matua o mo ohorere o te rohe whakawehi rawa te wahi nui o te taupori me te horahia i runga i te wāhi nui me te rohe.
• Ko te tata te motu. Ko te wā whakamutunga, me te tino nui tenei. Tenei rōpū ngā anake aua mōrearea e kua tohaina i roto i neke atu i te rua hinonga rohe (te mea he āhua ranei kawanatanga, motuhake ranei pa e hānga ana). He āhuatanga o tenei rōpū ko te meka e te whakakorenga o hopearaa o ngā āhuatanga ohorere tohaina atu moni atu he taea (i roto i te kupu atu, tetahi o nga paearu mō te whakatau tenei rōpū ko te meka e kore e tukua te pūtea kāwanatanga ki te whakakore āta nga hopearaa o ngā āhuatanga ohotata).

Ētahi puna wehewehe te ariā o te kino ao. E pā ana te reira i anake i roto i te kaupapa i te maha o ngā āhua i roto i te ati.

Ko te kupu, te aroaro o te whakarōpū i runga te hanganga, me te rawa poto; He te mōhiohio tika katoa e pā ana ki te momo o ngā āhuatanga ohorere i runga i te pūtake rohe.

He aha te mea he "kino te tangata-i hanga"?

Ngā momo o ohorere technogenic he nui mīharo. Kawea ratou katoa i kotahi he pea ki te e taea. Heoi, ko te mea tuatahi e whai koe ki te mahi i - ko ki whakakitea te ariā o "kino te tangata-i hanga."

Tenei ko tetahi o te whakamāramatanga pai me te pai-mohiotia: whawhati tata karanga ano te tangata-i hanga - te reira i te tetahi ahua o te taiao i roto i nei whakapōrearea i te tikanga ora noa o iwi, meinga nui kino ki rawa ranei i te taonga o te iwi, hei uninhabitable etahi wāhi, te taiao tino taumaha me te āhua .

E i roto i tenei take ko reira he puna o te whawhati tata? Hoki te rōpū o ngā mōrearea, tuku ki rite "tangata-hanga", ka hanga he ariā matua tūtukitanga. Ko te aituā, me ngā momo o ohorere ngā he riri ki te ora ranei hauora o mea ora. Aituā - he reira tonu mahinga tangata-i hanga o ofatiraa o te waka tukanga ahumahi ranei. I te mea ko nga momo o ohorere tangata-hanga, ka kia kōrero reira i muri mai.

Ko te rōpū tuatahi o te kino te tangata-i hanga

E wehewehea Ngā momo o ohorere tangata-i hanga ki etahi rōpū. Kei raro e ako koe e pā ana ki te momo tino taketake o te ari o tenei ahua, me tauira.

• Ko te Emergency rōpū tuatahi, e he tangata-hanga - ko ngā aituā waka. He aha āwangawanga ratou? Ka rite ki te tikanga, ko reira he aituā i tangohia e wahi ki tereina - pāhihi utanga ranei; aituā motokā nui ki te maha nui o patunga; mahi tūtukitanga - pāhihi nui utanga ranei; ati manureva - ki te pūnaha rererangi pere ranei.
• Ko te rōpū i muri - te reira te tukunga o te matū mōrearea matū iraruke ranei. Pea hinga nga momo tino noa o ohorere tangata-i hanga ki tenei rōpū. mate o mōrearea matū puna: Ka taea te miramira te ari whai te tuku me te tohatoha o te matū matū iratuki i roto i to ratou hanga ranei; aituā i roto i te hanga o te huringa wahie karihi, me te ake. ngā aituā Group whai wāhi tuku o matū mōrearea whakaaro te tetahi o te tino mōrearea, me te wehiwehi i roto i te piha haapiiraa a te kino te tangata-i hanga e tika ana ki te pānga e taupoki ana ngā wāhi nui me te taupori.
• Ko tētahi atu rōpū - ahi me pahūtanga ranei mōrearea. Ka rite ki te tauira, ka taea e tetahi meinga kino i whakaurunga ahumahi, i roto i hokohoko i mo te tangohanga me te waka o ngā matū i roto i ngā wāhi raro (maina raro me al.), A tae noa i roto i nohoanga noa.

Ko te rōpū tuarua o te kino te tangata-i hanga

He aha ētahi atu ohorere tangata-i hanga? Ka Types me whakarōpū o enei mōrearea e hoatu i raro nei.

• Aituā ki te tuku o te āpiha koiora e kua whakaaro mōrearea. Puta tenei ahua o te aituā, ka rite ki te tikanga, whakaurunga ahumahi, taiwhanga rangahau pokapū ranei. Heoi, ko reira fakahoko pea o taua fakatamaki me i runga i waka o te momo motuhake.
• Ko te rōpū o aituā hydrodynamic. Mai i te ingoa ai kua kia mārama he aha te ahua o momo. Ko te take o ohorere, nga ingoa o hydrodynamic pā, rite ki te tikanga, ki te pakaruhanga o pāpuni, tuna, utua ana, ki te tīmatanga me te horapa o waipuke, waipuke, me te pera i runga i. D.
• Accidents i runga i nga pūnaha haumaru terenga. tupu ratou ki te wera, whatunga parakaingaki, pipelines hau, inu pūnaha wai, a na i runga i. D.
• Ko te mea whakamutunga e taea te pēnei ki fakatamaki tangata-hanga, - tenei tiango ohorere o nga whare, me ngā whare tūmatanui.

Ko te kupu, nga momo me tauira o ohorere, ki te ingoa o te tangata-i hanga, tika ngāwari ia ite me te hanganga.

He aha te mea he "kino tūturu"?

karanga ohotata Natural ngā i roto i te tetahi wāhi te āhuatanga he mōrearea hoki o te puna i taea e arahi ki te kino ki te taiao, taupori, ahurea rauemi, me pera i runga i. D. Emergency, he taiao, kua whakahuatia te nuinga i roto i te puka o ngā tukanga māori kino ranei tītohunga.

Tei runga i te whānuitanga me te kaha o te kino kei te wehea te rōpū i roto i ohorere ki ngā akomanga matua e toru:

• ari tūturu kino. Āhuatanga rite he tukanga āhua iti, engari tonu kino, kotahi te ara i tetahi pā te ora tangata, me te hauora ranei.
• ati natura. Tenei tukanga kino māori, me te horonga me tītohunga o tauine nui, entailing nui te parekura, me te whakangaromanga.
• ati natura. Ko reira he momo o te kino, e kua he tauine tino nui, me te entailing patunga nui.

He aha e nga momo matua o ohorere tūturu? Ka tenei e faataa i muri.

Ngā momo o kino tūturu

I te kau, i reira te mea he whakarōpū ōrite o mōrearea tūturu me fakatamaki fakanatulá. Ko Ko te aha te mea tino ngāwari ki te hanganga momo katoa o ohorere tūturu. E waru ngā momo o fakatamaki fakanatulá.

1. ohorere Cosmogenic. Ko mārama i konei rite, hono tenei rōpū te ki ngā wāhi, ahakoa taea ki te kino i te ao (Asteroids, meteorites, unahiroa, mau vero autō, me ētahi atu).
2. fakatamaki Geophysical. Ko ētahi o ēnei he momo o tremors (ru), me ngā hū.
3. fakatamaki arowhenua. Pea te rōpū tino whānui o mōrearea taiao. Ko te mea tino taketake e taea e koe te whakanui - hinga reira, subsidence o te oneone, me te onepu vero.
4. Weather ohorere. Tenei rōpū ngā nga momo tino kino o ohorere tūturu: he puahiohio, paroro, tupuhi, tupuhi, me ētahi atu.
5. fakatamaki Hydrometeorological. ngā taonga wai te hukarere ranei riri i roto i tenei rōpū (te ua, hukarere, te huka, kohu, a na i runga i. d.).
6. ati hydrological Marine. waipuke katoa, rorofa'i, te huka kino, me te tahi atu ari e pā ana ki te moana, e taea te pēnei ki tenei rōpū.
7. fakatamaki Hydrological. Ano, hono tenei rōpū e ki te riri wai. Ēnei ngā waipuke, waipuke flash, waipuke, me te pera i runga i.
8. Ahi. Tetahi wildfires (ngahere, steppe, Peat, me whenua al.) Titiro ki tenei rōpū.

momo katoa o ohorere māori, na ko reira tino watea, me te mārama whakarōpūtia.

raraunga Basic e pā ana ki te kino tūturu

kino Natural Ko tetahi o te whānui tino i runga i te ao. I runga i te wāwāhitanga momo o ohorere. kia hoki kiripuaki me tātaritanga o kino tūturu kia whakaratohia hoki pai te māramatanga o te āhuatanga whānui i roto i te ao.

Katoa tau te maha o patunga o fakatamaki fakanatulá nui haere e 4.4%, i te maha o te patunga - i te 8.7%. Na faarahi te katoa maha o mate ōhanga - he toharite o 6% ia tau.

I runga i nga fakatamaki fakanatulá, i reira e maha whakaaro. Ko tētahi o ratou hono te ki te pānga horonga te whakanui ake i runga i te taiao. He faaohiparaa tino noatia o ngā rauemi taiao iwi, e piki ratou mahi whakangaro i te apa pekerangi, kua kawea i roto i te kaupapa here tino hauarea i runga i te tiaki taiao. Noatia, katoa o enei āhuatanga e kore e taea e pā te ino āta o te āhuatanga.

i roto i Russia anake e taea te tāutuhia e pā ana ki te 30 mōrearea tūturu. Ko te noa tino o ratou - ko, o te akoranga, afaá (28%), ru (24%) me te ahi ngahere (25%) me te waipuke (19%). Ko te katoa kino i te kino māori katoa tau ko e pā ana ki 12 piriona moni.

ohorere hōia

He aha te mea he "whawhati tata hōia"? Ka te ariā me te hanganga o tenei momo rōpū whawhati tata e hoatu ake nei.

He nui mīharo te ariā o te whawhati tata hōia. Ko ētahi o ēnei karakia, pāpori, te pōuri tōrangapū me bombings, tautoitoí, āhua pato'iraa, me te nui atu. He maha whakarōpū rerekē o te pakanga whawhati tata. te, Heoi, anake ngā reira nga momo tino taketake.

• te rongo Direct ki āpiha e totohu. Ko te whakamahi o koiora, bacteriological, matū, me ētahi atu patu psychotropic pā ana ki tenei momo o te whawhati tata hōia.
• Autaki patu pānga whakaeke. Āhua o te aronga o te contamination koiora ranei ahi mau, te whakangaromanga o te matū me te biohazard whakaurunga me te nui noa atu e pā ana ki te momo māngai.
• huringa ripoinga, entailing kino nui, me te kino. ngā pakaru o kai o kai, wai, whakangaromanga o whare noho tenei, te whakangaromanga o ngā pūnaha supply wera, me pera i runga i.

Ko te kupu, i te mau hopearaa o te whawhati tata hōia e taea e tino whakamataku, me te whakangaro, hira o roto i ētahi wā noa nga mau hopearaa o fakatamaki fakanatulá.

whawhati tata pāpori me te tōrangapū

He rōpū o ohorere pāpori, me te tōrangapū, ko te ahua rite ki te piha haapiiraa o te whawhati tata hōia. Heoi, kei tonu i reira te tahi mau rerekētanga hanganga. Ko te kupu, Kei te āhuatanga ohorere pāpori, me te tōrangapū rite mōrearea meinga e pakanga pāpori, me te tōrangapū.

E rua ngā rōpū matua o te tītohu i roto i te pātai: ko reira te tūturu pāpori, me te tōrangapū. I roto i te tahi mau whakarōpūtanga, tu tetahi rōpū - te whawhati tata hōia, engari ko reira, rite te piha motuhake, kua oti kōrero i runga ake.

Na, he aha ta te mate urupare-hapori e mahi?

• Hunger. He ahua kino rawa tenei, e mohiotia ana he kore kai me te wai i etahi waahanga.
• Waipiro. Kei te whakaarohia hei urupare noa mehemea ka pa ana ki tetahi waahanga nui o te taupori.
• Ma'unimā. He mea pai kia kite i te maha o nga kaipupuku rongoä e piki ake ana i ia tau.
• Smoking. Ko tenei ahuatanga ka whakaarohia he putea o te rongoā tarukino, a, he waahanga hoki o te roopu o nga raruraru hapori.
• Pakaru. Ka pa ana ki te roopu o nga raruraru hapori, ka puta mai he huakore mo te ture ture me te ture.
• Kore mahi. Tuhinga o mua. Ko te ahuatanga o te kore e taea te kimi i tetahi mahi o etahi waahanga o te taupori kaha.
• Terrorism. E whai ana ki te roopu o nga raruraru tōrangapū. He ahua whakawehi tenei mo te taupori mo te hiahia ki te whakatutuki i etahi whaainga, he maha nga waahanga rereke.