Nizhnekamsk HPP: hītori o hanga, raruraru, ngā mōhiohio whānui

Nizhnekamsk HPP i Tatarstan he ahurei, me te kamupene pūngao anake i roto i te whenua, hono ki te fakasosialé o Russia. Na roto i tenei kamupene wahi o te pupuri "Tatenergo", nga tangata o te hiko supply o te rohe,.

Overview

Kei Nizhnekamsk HPP momo hongere te i runga i te rohe o te Republic o Tatarstan i runga i te awa kama tata Yelabuga me Naberezhnye Chelny. anga Hanga mana te tipu i roto i te tau 1963, me te mahi i timata ia anake i roto i te 1979. Matapae HPP he:

• pāpuni o raima mo te spillway;
• Aia moenga awa momona;
• pāpuni whakamanamana;
• kuwaha;
• powerhouse.

Ko te teitei mōrahi o te ngawhatanga o Horoano me awa katua e he 30 m me te katoa roa - 2.976 km. E whakanohoia tika pereoo me huarahi i runga i te whaea. I te toharite, puta noa i te tau kua whakaputaina reira ki runga 2 piriona kWh / h o te hiko.

I muri i te hanga o ngā hanganga pupuri i hanga Nizhnekamsk Reservoir. I tēnei wā NEC Ko 63,3 m. Whakatairanga i te taumata ka whakaputa ake te mana, engari tona āna mō ngā tekau tau nga mana o te rohe e tata ana.

History o te whare

timata Nizhnekamsk HPP whakahaere i roto i te tau 1979, ka tae te taumata whakakī o te awa ki te taumata o 62 m. Ko te manakohia iti rawa tenei taumata, no te mea whakarite reira he mahi hurihiko me te wahi o kaipuke i roto i nga makawe. waipuke awa ki 78.000 heketea o tawhio noa whenua, engari te hanga o te teihana mana hurihiko i tohaina tuatahi 173.000 heketea i runga i te rohe o te Republic o Tatarstan, Bashkortostan, Udmurtia ko Perm rohe. I mua i waipuke i te wāhi e karapoti ana i kawea atu ki te ngahere, displacement o noho rohe, hanganga waka me kōrero. Ko te whakamutunga (16 th i roto i te rarangi) kōwae whakarewahia i roto i 1987. Na roto i te 1990, e hāngai ana te mana pūnaha wai hoki ki te whakaara i te taumata o te awa ki ki 68 mita, i pupū ake te ngaru o amuamu o ngā rōpū taiao. Ko te kupu, ki te whakaara i te taumata i kore. Ki te taumata o 63.5 m NHRI whakaarahia anake i roto i te tau 2002 i runga i te pūtake o te kawenata tahi nga rohe wha.

Raruraru e pā ana ki te taumata awa ara

E ai ki te tuhinga kaupapa, kia waiho te taumata i a tawhio noa 68 m. Heoi, inaianei ko reira he takawaenga, i meinga he maha o ngā raruraru i roto i ngā o te rauropi ōhanga me te. Mai hua te Nizhnekamsk HPP iti mana, whakatere uaua, me ngā hanganga pūkaha paruru anga ki te hu'ahu'a roa'tu. I tua atu, nga tau i reira he tiare pükohuwai. 50% o te rohe o te awa ki he pāpaku (te hohonu e kore pa 2 m), e contradicts te tikanga parukore. Ki te whakaara koe i te taumata ki te 68 mita, ka kia waipuke reira he maha nui o ngā wāhi i roto i te rohe e tata ana.

aituā

I roto i te tau 2010, i te pahūtanga Nizhnekamsk HPP, i mua i te paowa. Ka rite ki te hua, i patua e rua kaimahi kamupene, 10 - whara. pakaru te pūtake o te pahūtanga i te compressor tukutahinga ki te tango i roto i te rangi mo te hiahia o te tipu te mana. Ko te take he turuturu hinu, i muri nei i te hana ake, ka i konatunatua ki te rangi. Heoi, kihai i te aituā pā te mahi o te hinonga.

Te tipu te mana anake i roto i Tatarstan ko Nizhnekamsk HPP. Naberezhnye Chelny ko Yelabuga ko te tata ki reira kainga. Kua tīmata HPP ki te mahi i roto i 1979, engari tae noa nei e kore kua tae te reira i te kaha hoahoa. Ko e tika ana ki te meka e kia tae te taumata o te awa ki runga i te mahere 68 m tenei, engari inaianei ko ia i te taumata o 63.5 m. Nizhnekamsk HPP hono ki te Energy Pūnaha Unified o te Russian Federation me ōhanga nui ki te rohe.