Panama Canal (te tau o te whakatuwheratanga - 1914 th): he wai tāwhaiwhai honotanga te Kiwa me Atlantic Oceans

O te akoranga geography tatou matau ai te Panama Canal ko tetahi o nga ara transportation wai nui takotoranga i te Kiwa me ngā moana Atlantic. whiti ia te Tāmaki o te taua ingoa i roto i tona wahi rawa raro. Ka rite ki te hua o Titanic mahi i kua tino poroa reira te ara moana i waenganui i ngā tauranga maha, hei tauira, i San Francisco ki New York i 24 300 km ki te 10 700 km. Panama Canal (tau 1914 meneti te whakatuwhera) He roa o 81 km, ko te wa o tona wahi, ko te āhua e waru haora.

Tenei teihana, me ki Kiel ko Suez, he mana te ao, me te taea te whakamahi anake i runga tino ki te ture o te ao, me te mau parau tumu te tikanga mohio me te ture motu o te whenua no te reira ki. Ko ia kua 95 tau tau. Na ka hapu Panama Canal (whakatuwhera tau 1914, ahakoa te whakarārangi tuatahi) i te timatanga o te rau tau tekau ma ono.

I roto i te wā i 1534 ki te 1823 noho te whakaaro o te hanga i te reira te feruriraa o te kāwanatanga Spanish. Kua toutou whakahaere te reira i te rangahau whānui i roto i te rohe, hanga he awa e mau ana / mahere hanga, nui hoki whakawhitinga katoa puta noa i te Tāmaki. I roto i 1814 nga Spaniards noa i te tawhiti tikanga hāngai. Otiia i roto i te 1823, ngaro ratou katoa o ona koroni i roto i te Tonga ko Central America, a kua whakarerea ratou mahere. Ko te muri 50 tau, rapua me kaupapa rave te Ingarangi, Ameliká, Wīwī, me te Tatimana. I roto i te mutunga riro te tika motuhake o hanganga me te noa mō te 99 tau, he kamupene French. ¶ Na i te 1876, ka toru nga tau i muri mai tangohia te kamupene kei te runga i te takawaenga Ferdinand de Lesseps, kaipūkaha o te hanga o te Suez, whakatuwheratia hoki moka Maritime mua - Whiringa 17, 1869.

Lesseps kamupene muri haere kaihau, i whakaritea riro i, a i roto i 1904 i hokona te kamupene ki te kāwanatanga US mo te moni o $ 40 miriona. whakaae Ameliká ki te Panama Canal i te rohe riihi tonu, me te hanganga o te ahanoa Panama Canal. Whakatuwhera tau, 1914 th, tohua te mutunga o te kaha-tau 11 me te mahi fakaongosia, ka whakakitea te nui te utu i te reira te kāwanatanga ki te whakatinana i te whakaaro. te ingoa i te moni i nui - 220 miriona tāra.

Ko te hua ko te kuwaha irava e ono-tere i roto i te kūititanga o Panama i te tauranga Atlantic o Cristobal ki Balboa tauranga i runga i te rohe Kiwa, i roto i te ahunga i te raki ki te tonga. roa o te awa, kia rite ki whakahuatia, 80 km, o nei 42 - hongere tāwhaiwhai ki raka. Ko te roa o te ruma raka ko 305 mita, whanui - 33 me te hawhe. Ēnei āhuatanga hanga reira taea ki te haere 85% o nga kaipuke kaihokohoko mahi tēnei wā huri noa i te ao.

Ko te kaipuke tuatahi haere i roto i te kūititanga i te 15 o Ākuhata 1914, ko te whakatuwheratanga mōhiohio o te Panama Canal ka mau wahi i runga i Pipiri 12, 1920, i muri i fekau'i 'e ia tonu-tinana.

Na i tohungia te marae i he ki te haere a tawhio noa Cape Horn me te Strait o Magellan, na kua puta ke te huarahi tino nui kaipuke. Tau o te whakatuwheratanga o te Panama Canal ko te timatanga o te wā hou i roto i te whakatere i te rohe. I 2-3 wā ki te whakaiti i te tawhiti i waenganui i te rohe ki te rawhiti me te hauauru o Canada me te United States, i waenganui i te Far Te Tai Rāwhiti me te United States, i waenganui i nga whenua o Latin America iho.

Hoki i nga 20 o te rau tau whakamutunga, ko Panama te ngana ki te iriti i te hongere i raro i tona mana. ka mau tenei tukanga wahi i roto i ngā wāhanga, mo nga tau maha, a ka oti Hakihea 31, 1999 anake, ka riro te Panama Canal (tuwhera tau 1914, ko te tuatahi o nei, t. E. Neke 85 tau) he motuhake tonu, me te whai hua.