Pipelines: Pipelines Russia

pipelines hinu Russian - tetahi o nga wae matua o te wahie, me te pūngao rāngai o te ōhanga. Ki te rā, mahi te Russian Federation he whatunga whānui o pipelines hinu, pipelines hau me pipelines hinu o rerekē hiranga. Paipa waka hononga i roto i te nuinga o nga kaupapa o te Federation, a te kaimahi hoki mo te kaweake o waiwaro, me o ratou pärönaki.

whakarōpū o pipelines

E wehea Pipelines rite ki o ratou whakaaro:

• ahanoa hono Local i roto i ika, te hinu me te hau rokiroki whakaurunga, refineries.
• pou-rohe i te roa o te maha tekau o kiromita. herea Oilfields ki te teihana ariki, ki te uta tūemi hinu (te utanga o) i runga i te wai tereina ranei, te paipa matua.
• Tapahanga - pipelines, i te mea i runga i 50 km, putorino diameter i 200 mm ki 1400 mm me runga ake. Ko te tawhiti e e taea te tukua te hua i roto i taua pipelines, i roto i nga rau mano ranei o kiromita. kawea köurarangi te i roto i kore tetahi teihana compressor me maha, mokowā me te ara o te paipa. Tei runga i te hinu mäminga, ka karanga te paipa matua te paipa (masivesivá köurarangi hinu) me te hua (hinu), hinu pango, he penehīni, karahīni, me ētahi atu.

E whakahaeretia ngā rārangi kātua tonu, ka taea e waiho e ratou he mutu rangitahi kau i roto i te ohorere, tiaki mahi ranei whakakapinga o ngā wāhanga.

Ko te whanaketanga o pipelines hinu i roto i Russia

Kei te ōnā hono te hītori o te whanaketanga o pipelines i Russia ki te whanaketanga o te ahumahi hinu. I roto i 1901, i te āhua hua tata hawhe o katoa production hinu ao. Ki te whakanui ake i ngā pukapuka o ngā rauemi mata e piki whakaarahia te pātai o tona transportation. Kua te whai huanga ōhanga o te hanganga o pipelines kua whakamatauria ki te whakaiti i te mahi o nga rerewē me te whakaiti i te utu o te transportation.

Kua Ko te tuatahi pipelines kātua Russian ki te roa tapeke o te 1147 km hanga i te tahuri o nga rau tau XIX ko XX, ka hono mara i roto i te takiwā o Baku refineries hinu. Ko te kaupapa ki te hanga i te paipa hua tuatahi nā DI Mendeleev. whakatinana te mahere i roto i te 1906. Ko te roa paipa o 831 km, 200 putorino mm me te teihana compressor 13 ko te nui rawa i roto i te ao i taua wa, me te homai karahīni i Baku ki Batumi mō te kaweake.

I roto i nga tau ki mu'a ', ko te rerenga matua o te hinu, me te hinu hua i roto i te Moana o Kapiana, te Caucasus me te takotoranga wai Täingäwai. I whakahau ano te reira i roto i Grozny-Tuapse hinu paipa (649 km, 273 mm diameter), Ishimbai-Ufa (169 km, 300 mm), me te hua Mangyshlak - Samara me UST-Balik - Almetyevsk.

He tawhio hou o te whanaketanga o te pipelines hinu Russian (ka USSR) riro i roto i te tau pou-pakanga. tiketike te reira i roto i te wā o te whanaketanga tere o te keri me te tukatuka o hinu i roto i te Täingäwai-Urals Basin me te whanaketanga o putunga i roto i Siberia. i hangaia pipelines o te roa ki runga nui ki te 1200 mm diameter. Ngā mihi ki etahi o ratou (hei tauira, Surgut - Polotsk), ka anga hinu Siberian ki te kia tukua ki nga rohe pokapū o Russia, Peraruhia me te Baltic States.

Painga o waka paipa

Ko te whanaketanga tino kaha o te hinu, me te hau pipelines Russia riro i roto i te hawhe tuarua o te rau tau XX. Ko piki haere whakakingitia ia ara wai, me te tereina transportation o te hinu, me te hinu hua teie mahana, rōrahi me te mahara motuhake o te pipelines pūwaro kawea. Ko te painga matua o te hinu, me te hau pipelines he:

• He nui ngā tūmomo o köurarangi, raruraru-free mahi, he hōkaiipurangi nui, parekura iti.
• He pokey whānuitanga whānui o te hinu mäminga.
• mahi pūmau i roto i ngā rohe makariri.
• Pea o te hanga i te paipa i roto i tata wāhi katoa.
• Ko te taumata tiketike o te mechanization i hanga.
• pūnaha Aunoatanga mo te mana o ngā tukanga hangarau.

whakaaro te rerekētanga matua o te waka paipa te ki hei haumi feunga nui i roto i te wāhanga hanga.

Ko te nui rawa pipelines hinu Russian

1. Baku - Novorossiysk - he paipa ki te papu te hinu o Kapiana ki te tauranga o Novorossiysk.
2. Balakhani - Black City - ko te paipa hinu Russian tuatahi hoatu ki mahi i roto i te 1878. Kātua paipa hono Balakhani hī i runga i te Absheron Peninsula me kaha para i roto i te takiwā o Baku.
3. whatunga paipa Paratiki. kaha Hoahoa - 74 miriona taranata o te hinu ia tau. hono te reira i te taulanga o Primorsk i ngā āpure hinu i roto i Western Siberia me te rohe Ural-Täingäwai.
4. Eastern Siberia - Pacific Ocean - he paipa honotanga mara Siberian ki te tauranga hinu Kozmino tata Nakhodka. operator paipa - OJSC "AK" Transneft ". Te roa o te 4188 km hanga taea reira ki te kaweake hinu Russian ki ngā mākete Asia-Kiwa me US.
5. Ko te paipa hinu "Druzhba" - pūnaha nui o te ao o pipelines matua, hanga hoki te hinu, me te hinu hua i roto i te whenua-pāpori o Eastern Europe. Na whakahaeretia reira mo te kaweake ki Europe.
6. Grozny - Tuapse - te kātua paipa reo diameter Russian tuatahi, hanga i roto i te tīmatanga o te rau tau rua tekau mo te kawe hinu Caucasian ki te rohe moana Black.
7. Te Kapiana Arapaepoutū Consortium (CPC) paipa hono te mara i roto i te uru katatānga ki te kāpeka i runga i te rohe moana Black tata Novorossiysk.
8. Murmansk paipa ki te kaha o 80 miriona toni hono mara hinu i roto i Siberia Western me te tauranga o Murmansk.
9. Surgut - Polotsk - te paipa hinu hono Western Siberia ki Peraruhia me ka nga whenua Baltic me Poland.
10. He ahurei wera paipa hinu matua me Uteneheraha - Atyrau - Samara.

Kaweake mā pipelines hinu

I tēnei wā, pūkete nga pipelines hinu Russian mō te 84% o tāwāhi i te whenua o te hinu. Ko te toe 13% ko te transportation tereina me 3% - wai, me te awa waka. OJSC "AK" Transneft "- anake te operator o pipelines hinu i roto i Russia. Pūkete reira hoki 97% o te hinu kawea hua i roto i te whenua. Ko te roa o te pūnaha paipa o te kamupene -. Neke atu i te 217 mano kiromita, e hono nga rohe matua o te hanga hinu i roto i Russia me hoko hokohoko i roto i Europe. E 46.7 Whārangi. Km o te pūnaha ikiiki katoa e pā ana ki pipelines hinu, me te 19.3 Whārangi. Km i te pipelines.

pipelines hinu Main i Russia, e whai wāhi i roto i te kaweake o:

• Ko te kaha paipa Paratiki - 74 miriona taranata ia tau;
• Ko te pūnaha paipa "Druzhba". Ko tētahi o nga manga o te paipa haere ki Poland, te tuarua - i roto i Slovakia. kaha Tapeke - 90 miriona toni;
• Black Moana paipa hinu - 43 miriona taranata.

Ko te wāhi tino whaihua mo te whanaketanga o tāwāhi hinu Russian ko te Siberian Te Tai Rāwhiti, e tika ana ki te tupu fakamālohisinó i roto i te kohi hinu i roto i China.