Poto haurongo Radischeva Aleksandra Nikolaevicha. meka Interesting e pā ana ki te kaituhi

Radishchev i roto i tona mahi rongonui, tuhituhi o pehea ati kaiwhakarēti utu ki a ratou mua. tuhia e ia te kore o tika o te iwi, me te puta ake ki runga ki a ia te tutu. whakaturia Alexander he tauira o te tutu o serfs, peia ki hepohepo. Hoki tenei i ia ki te utu hoa. i tonoa Aleksandra Radischeva ki te whakarau, ... Ki tenei katoa, me te nui noa atu koia tera koe haurongo Radishchev.

Origin Radishcheva

Kia tīmata a ki te whakaaturanga o to tatou hero. Radishchev Alexander Nikolaevich - te kaituhi Russian rongonui, me te whai o "kaupapa mātauranga." haamata Haurongo Radishcheva August 31, 1749 (Kāhua Old - August 20). I whanau ka reira Alexander. Radischev Afanasiy Prokopevich, te koroua o te kaituhi heke mai, ko tetahi o te Pita harakoa. whakatika ia ki te paetukutuku o te Brigadier. hoatu tana tama Nicholas Athanasius Petrovich te mātauranga pai. Nicholas ko Afanasievich Radishchev Saratov rangatira whare. Na ko Thekla Stepanovna, whaea o Alexander i te whānau Argamakovyh, he hapu rangatira tawhito. Tana tama o mua, ko Alexander Radishchev. Haurongo me mahi o te kaituhi nui i hanga rongonui i taua ingoa.

Whakangungu i roto i te Ablyazov tika i roto i Moscow

Kei whenua o papa i roto i te Upper Ablyazov. ako Alexander ki te pānui i me te tuhituhi Russian runga i te Psalter me te Buka o Hours. A, ia ia 6 tau, i faataahia ai ki te French, engari whakamatauria whiriwhiri o te kaiako ki te kia tutuki. I muri mai te reira i ako e ko te Wīwī he hoia tangata haereere. faaoti Matua ki te unga ki a Moscow tana tama. Here i tukua e ia ki te tiaki o te Wīwī-kaiako, ko wai i mua i te kaitohutohu ki te Paremete o Rouen, engari i ia ki te rere i te whakatoi o Louis XV.

i tonoa Alexander i roto i te 1756 ki te kura pai, he i te University o Moscow. E ono nga tau o te whakangungu tonu i roto i reira. I roto i Moscow, i roto i Mahuru 1762 te koroneihana o Catherine II. i whakatairangatia ana tokomaha rangatira i roto i te ana'iraa i runga i tenei take. i tohua Haurongo Radishchev e te hui nui mō ia i runga i te 25 o Whiringa-: i homai Alexander ki te whārangi.

Ka rite ki Radishchev haere mai ki waho

tae ia i roto i St Petersburg i Hānuere 1764, ka ako i te Corps o whārangi ki 1766. I te faaoti Catherine ki te unga ki rangahau pūtaiao i roto i Leipzig 12 rangatira taitamariki, tae atu - 6 whārangi, whakatutukitanga rongonui i roto i te whakaako me te whanonga, kua meinga tetahi o nga mea i waimarie, me Radishchev . A, no te i tonoa nga ākonga ki waho, Catherine II fakatāutaha tuhituhia tohutohu rite ki te mea ratou kia mahi. Kua nui ngā moni kua whakaritea ki to ratou ihirangi - i te tuatahi mo te 800 moni, a i roto i te 1769 - kotahi mano ia tau.

Life i roto i Leipzig

Heoi, Meiha Bocoum, i whakaturia hei kaitiaki ki te rangatira, ta'ofi tino moni i roto i to ratou manakohia, na e hiahia ana ngā ākonga. Radishchev, Ko tatou hiahia i roto i tona haurongo, korero e pā ana ki tona noho ki waho i roto i te "Life o Fv Ushakov". ko matou tino akomanga kanorau o te iwi taitamariki i roto i Leipzig. ako ratou kaupapa, ture, hītori. E ai ki ngā tohutohu Catherine II o, i taea te mahi te ākonga i pai ai, a "te tahi atu mau ihi." Radishchev whiriwhiria matū me te rongoā. riro ia anaanatae i roto i a ratou e kore e pera me te runaruna, engari tino nui. Alexander noa haere i runga i te whakamātautau o te tākuta, me te pai i roto i te maimoatanga. Ko tētahi o ana take tino ake ka noho rite te piha haapiiraa i roto i te matū. mohio Radishchev reo rerekē (Latin, Wīwī, Tiamana). I muri mai, ua haapii mai Itāriana me te Ingarihi hoki ia. I muri te haamau'araa 5 tau i roto i Leipzig, Radishchev, rite ana hoa, i wareware e ia te reo Russian. Na ka anga ia ki te mahi ki a ratou i runga i to ratou hokinga ki Russia i raro i te ārahitanga o te kaituhituhi Ekateriny Hrapovitskogo.

Hoki mai ki St. Petersburg, i mahi i roto i te kaumatua

Ki runga ki te otinga o te whakangungu ka Alexander te tangata rawa ako, i taua wa kihai i nei te rota, i roto i to tatou whenua e kore e anake, engari ano hoki i roto i te ao. I roto i te 1771 ka hoki Radishchev ki St Petersburg. Ia hohoro piri te kaiwhakamahara ki te kaumatua. i mahi ai i te tāupe o tauturu pekanga Alexander poto rite mamae mōhiotanga rawakore o te reo Māori, ka paunatia ano i runga i puku piira me kalake rōpū.

Ratonga i te tari matua o Bryusova ahau V kamerts College, te faaipoiporaa

faaoti Radishchev ki te tomo i te tari matua o te General-i roto i-tino o Bryusov, e whakahau i St Petersburg. meinga ana e ia te tino kaitātari. Alexander i 1775 mutu, maranga ki te paetukutuku o te nui tuarua. Rubanovskii, tetahi o ona hoa o Leipzig, whakaurua Aleksandra Radischeva ki tuakana o te whānau. Anna Vasilievna, tamahine o te whakamutunga, me faaipoipo Alexander.

I roto i te 1778, anō-haina ia i roto i te kamerts-poari mo te tūranga o te āteha. I roto i te 1788, i whakawhitia Radishchev ki te tikanga St Petersburg. riro ia kaiwhakahaere kaiāwhina, me te ka kaiwhakahaere. I roto i te tikanga, me i roto i kamerts College Alexander Radishchev lī'oa taiea ki te ohipa, siokitá, huru nui ki a ratou mau ohipa.

mahi Ko te tuatahi tuhituhi

Pānui me te ako reo Russian arahina ia te mutunga ki tona ake tauira tuhituhi. I roto i te 1773, whakaputaina Radishchev he translation o nga mahi o Mably, a ka timata ki te hanga hītori o Russia o te kaumatua, engari i huna te tuhituhi.

Te pukapuka, i kawea mai nei e kua rongo me te riro mate

tonu Haurongo Radishcheva te mate o tona wahine aroha. ¶ Na i roto i te 1783. I muri i tenei, faaoti Alexander ki rumakina ki te mahi tuhituhi me te kitea whakamarie reira. whakaputaina e ia i roto i te 1789 "Ko te Life o Fedora Vasilevicha Ushakova ...". Radishchev, tango painga o te ture o Empress o tipu tā free, tīmata i roto i tona whare ake, me i te 1790 tukua tona tuhinga tino nui ui "Journey i St Petersburg ki Moscow."

Ka rite ki te pukapuka i tere hokona ake. whakaaroaro ana Taekaha Alexander Nikolaevich e pā ana ki serfdom, me ētahi atu ari o te ora tōrangapū me te pāpori o taua wa ite te tino Catherine II, i hoatu te tangata "Travel ...".

ngaro te aukatinga "Journey ..."

haurongo Tino pākiki Radishchev. He maha ngā meka Interesting e pā ana ki a ia. e kore e taea e ratou uru ki te hōputu o te tuhinga kotahi. Heoi, tetahi o ratou e tino e whakahuatia. tukua Book Radishchev i ki te whakaaetanga o te te ti- runanga, arā, te huinga o te aukatinga. Heoi, ki te kaituhi o te whakahaerenga katoa i timata. Me pehea e taea tenei? Ko te take i te "Journey ..." haere te aukatinga no te tika whakaaro te tu re tenei aratohu. Ko e mo'oni, i mawhiti tuatahi, mea pera ai reira - kua kīia te upoko ki nga wahi me nga pa. titiro ihirangi anake tu re, kihai i ruku ki te pukapuka.

Tuhinga ka iteraa

E kore matou ako tonu nei te kaituhi o te mahi, pera me tona ingoa i roto i te pukapuka kihai i tohua. Heoi, i muri i te hopu o te kaihokohoko Zotov, te taonga i hokona te mahi o Radishchev tatou ako e ko te reira i tuhituhi te kino-hū Alexander, ka whakaputaina tana mahi. ka hopukina Radishchev, ko tona take i "tukua te" arahi Sheshkovsky. wareware Empress e ako Alexander Radishchev "ture tūturu", me te ki waho, a i roto i te Corps o Whārangi, e homai e ia he whakaaetanga ki te kauwhau me te kauwhau i te mau parau tumu o te tangata, e kua whakahuatia i roto i te "Travel". ähua Catherine II ki te mahi o Alexander Nikolayevich ki ritenga nui whaiaro. Empress Radishchev take kaimahi, me te whakahaere i roto i Bezborodko mea katoa.

hoatu Alexander i te pa, te wahi i ui ai ia Sheshkovsky. Toutou faaite whakaaro, kihai pukapuka Radischev tuhituhia e ia. haurongo Poto o ia, Heoi, e kore e hi'o ïa i te meka e i roto i tona whakaaturanga, maha kitea e ia te hunga i taua waiaro e i hua i roto i tona mahi. To tatou hero ko te faaiteraa o te tatarahapa i tumanako ki faaiti i te whiu, ki whakawehi ia. Heoi, e kore i taea e huna e ia tona whakapono Radishchev.

haurongo Poto o ana tau i muri mai, ko te tino taiao. Ko reira mārama e kitea te whakarau o Alexander Nikolayevich i roto i mua. I kitea e ia hara kua i roto i te ture o te tamataraa. I hanga te reira i te tūhuratanga poto o te ruma taihara. Ko tōna ihirangi tohua i roto i te pukapuka ki te Tatau Bezborodko Bruce, rangatira i roto i te tino i roto i St Petersburg. I whiua a Radishchev ki te mate.

Mitigating whakarau

haere te reira i roto i te kaumatua, a ka ki te Kaunihera o te whiu i whakapumautia kua i roto i te rua o enei taime, a ka te aroaro ki te Empress. Mahuru 4, 1790 i puta te ture, manako Alexander Nikolaevich hara o te oati putanga hara me ngā tūranga tangata o tenei pukapuka. Wines Aleksandra Radischeva, rite kī reira, pera e tika ia te tautea mate. Heoi, i roto i o te mahi tohu, me te i muri i te mutunga o te tiriti te rongo ki a Sweden he taua whiu nui i whakakapi e te tohutoro ki te whare herehere Ilim, kei roto i Siberia. kia noho ia ki reira mo te 10 nga tau. i hoatu tonu e ahau ki mahi te ture.

tau Hard o whakaraua

mau taime fifi ite Aleksandr Nikolaevich Radischev. Tona haurongo tohua e te whakamātautau uaua i muri tonu whiu. Ko wai i hopukina i roto i te raumati o te kaituhi i tangohia atu, kahore kakahu mahana i te pa kaha. Te āhua, tumanako Catherine II e, te mauiui kua tona tona whakaaro, ka kia ngaro ai haere te ara Radishchev. Kei te mohiotia te reira e Tatauria Vorontsov tonoa te moni ki te kawana o Tver ki Aleksandru Radischevu i hokona mea katoa e hiahia ana koe mo te haere roa.

Aleksandr Nikolaevich Radischev, tona haurongo tonu Ilim whare herehere, noho konei hoki tata 5 tau. Heoi, e kore ia i ngakaukore. tukinotia Radishchev kāinga. Alexander variolating tamariki, rite rawa i te whare, he oumu iti, te wahi i timata ai ia pupuhi uku. A, o te akoranga, tonu e ia tona mahi tuhituhi.

ngā aro o te katoa te whakarau pouri o te kaituhi rongonui rite Radischev Aleksandr Nikolaevich. haurongo Poto o ia e kore e mahue a e te whiu i utaina ki runga ki a ia, au ra maere. E rave rahi mau taime i roto i te hapori, i reira nga hau e murua Alexander, e hohoro ia e hoki mai i te whakarau. Heoi, kihai i whakatikaia ratou.

Whanaungatanga ki EV Rubanovskii

I roto i Siberia ka haere mai ki a ia EV Rubanovskaya, te tuahine o tana wahine mate, ka kawea ki ana tamariki o muri (ki te kia kuraina ngā tamariki pakeke noho ki whanaunga). ka tupu ki tenei wahine Radishchev ki Ilimsk. Heoi, ko te tika ki te marena, e kore a ratou. aifaito tenei ki tahanga, a ko te takahi o ngā ture hahi. I roto i te whakarau whanau Radishchev Elizabeth V. toru tamariki. mate ia i roto i te 1797 i te matao i Roho, ka hoki mai i te whakarau. Heoi, ko te feat o te wahine e tapoko nga Decembrists, e kore anake i kore mauruuru e hono to'utangatá. Ahakoa i muri i te matenga o ratou Elizabeth V. ki Aleksandrom Nikolaevichem tonu ki te kupu. A, no te hoki Radishchev whare, tona papa matapo, kihai Nikolay Afanasyevitch ki te tango i te mau mootua. ka mea ia e ki marena i te tuahine he hohore i roto i-ture. Ki te whiriwhiria Radischev kotiro te whenua, e tangohia e ia ia, a kahore e taea e Elizabeth V..

ho'iraa

I maoro i muri i te rironga ki te torona o te emepera Paora hoki i Siberia i te ahua taua tūmatanui nui rite Radischev Aleksandr Nikolaevich. haurongo Poto o ana tau i muri mai, Heoi, tohua e te mau fifi hou. hanga Muru ture i Whiringa 23, 1796. I whakahau Alexander ki te ora i roto i te kainga Nemtsov Kaluga kawanatanga, te wahi i tona wahi. Hoki reta me te whanonga i tukua Radishchev ki te kawana. Alexander i muri i te kingitanga o te emepera Alexander ahau ka haere noa oti. I karangatia e ia ki a St Petersburg. He ka he mema o te kōmihana mō te tuhia ngā ture Alexander Radishchev. haurongo Poto o ana wehenga, tino ta'e'amanekina. Kia pehea te i tupu tenei? Na e matau ana koutou pehea ngaro AN Radishchev. mutunga tino rerekē tona haurongo.

mate Radishcheva

Fanauhia a Ilyinsky, Alexander Nikolayevich to'utangata, whakaatu e he pono te kōrero o tona mate. E ai ki a ia, tuku Radishchev whakahounga ā-ture hukihuki. Te reira i hoatu mua kotahi ano te whakaoranga o te peasants. Katahi te kauwhata Zavadovsky, hēkeretari o te kōmihana, i hanga Alexander Nikolayevich mana'o tino mo ona whakaaro, te faahaamana'o ia o mua tona ngākau. Zavadovsky ara whakahuatia te whakarau Siberian. Radishchev, ko tona hauora ko rawa pouri, me nga raru ko pakaru, i pera ngaueue e tuma mahorahora Zavadsky, ara faaoti ki te mahia e whakamomori.

inu Alexander te paihana. mate ia i roto i te mamae nui. mate Radishchev i runga i Mahuru 12, 1802 i runga i te po. i tanumia Alexander Nikolayevich i te urupā Volkov.

Prohibition ko Radishchev me whakanohonoho

Roa takoto te kanga ki runga ki te ingoa o te kaituhi nui rite AN Radishchev. haurongo Poto o ana ngā pānga maha tenei ra, engari i muri i te matenga o tona ingoa kihai tata i puta i roto i tā. i tuhituhia rave rahi tuhinga e pā ana ki Aleksandre Nikolaeviche tata i muri i tona matenga, a ka i roto i te tuhinga tata ngaro tona ingoa. Tino uaua whakahuatia te. faahitihia raraunga oti, me te fakakonga anake i runga i Radishchev. whakaurua Aleksandra Radischeva Batyushkov i te hōtaka mahi i roto i toi reo, tito ratou. Anake ki te hawhe 2 o 1850 ka ara te kanga ki te ingoa o Radishchev. Mai taua wa, ka anga ki te puta i te rota o tuhinga e pā ana ki reira i te press.

A ki tenei ra tohoakii kairangahau haurongo Radishchev. mohiotia ihirangi Poto o tona "ratere ..." Kei te ki he tokomaha o to tatou compatriots. korero tenei katoa o te tahuti ore o ia rite te kaituhi.