Pouaka Whakaata: te hītori o te hanga me te whanaketanga. Ko te hītori o te pouaka whakaata i roto i Russia

kitea tatou reira uaua ki te whakaaro te ora, kahore pouaka whakaata. Ahakoa, ki te kore tatou e e titiro, reira he tonu he wahi nui o to tatou tikanga. Na, ko te iti ake atu i te 100 tau i tenei tenenga. Whakaata, hītori me te whanaketanga e hāngai ana ki te iti taua i te paerewa o te hītori o te wā, kua ripeneta puta ke to tatou kōrero, ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki to tatou ahua, me te ahurea.

tenenga

Ko te hītori o te tenenga pouaka whakaata pumau mo tata 100 tau. Haunga te reo irirangi, i kitea te wā kotahi i te rua te iwi i roto i ngā wāhanga rerekē o te ao, pouaka whakaata - he he matatini, te whanaketanga māmālie o te hangarau. Ia whenua he ona putanga ake o te aamu o te kitea o te pouaka whakaata, e hāngai ana i runga i te whai wāhitanga o ona pūtaiao i roto i tenei tukanga. Ko e tika ana ki te meka i hanga te hangarau i roto i te puka o ngā kapa katoa te whakatutuki i ngā take hangarau motuhake tenei. Te kore te haere ki kōrero hangarau, karanga nga Engineers matua whai wāhi i roto i tenei hui.

I te pakiaka kia Willoughby Smith, e whakaaro te awenga whakaahua-hiko i roto i te selenium. Ko te wāhanga i muri o te whakatuwheratanga e pā ana ki te ingoa o te pūtaiao Russian Boris Rosing, e arai te ara hiko ki te whakawhiti whakapakoko. whai wāhi hoki ki te kitea i hanga e P. Nipkow, Baird D., J .. Jenkins, I. Adamyan, L. Theremin, e takitahi o ia atu i roto i te whenua rerekē hanga foaki mō whakapakoko päpäho. Ko te wāhanga i muri mai o te whanaketanga o e pā ana ki te haerenga mai o te pouaka whakaata hiko te hangarau. VB rēhita M. me G. Dickman Waihanga ngongo mo whakawhiti image. Ko te ārai tuatahi i runga i te hangarau, i whakamahia tenei ra i roto i televisions, whiwhi i Borisom Rozingom i 1907. Next, Kei te mahi i te tupuni katoa o pūtaiao i runga i te whakapai ake i te hangarau. A i roto i te 1931, kaipūkaha V. Zworykin hanga Ike, whakaaro nei ko te TV tuatahi. I runga i te pūtake o tenei tenenga hanga F. Farnsuot kinescope. Na te aamu o te hanganga o te pouaka whakaata, me te poto titiro.

Kia pehea te mahi i te reira

I roto i te 1928, ki te tīmatanga o te päpäho auau tīmata te hītori tūturu o te putanga o te pouaka whakaata. Ulysses Sanabria tuatahi ki te whakamahi i ngā ngaru irirangi ki te tuku whakaahua me te tangi. Ko te parau tumu o te mahi ngā i roto i te whakapakoko ngä pouaka whakaata motuhake i runga i te rihi photosensitive i roto i te ngongo hihi pito tōraro. Hoki te wa roa e pā ana te hītori o te pouaka whakaata i ki te whakapai ake o te ngongo, kua arahina tenei ki te hua i roto i te whakapakoko kounga me te hua i roto i te mata mata. Otiia ki te haerenga mai o te parau tumu päpäho mamati kua puta ke inaianei ki te CRT ngongo pikitia kihai i hiahia. whakamahi te reira i te tikanga tino rerekē o whakawhitihia whakapakoko. Kei te whakawaeheretia reira, ka tuku mā takere mamati me i roto i te pūnaha ipurangi.

momo o te pouaka whakaata

Kua auraa te hītori roa o te whanaketanga o te pouaka whakaata i hanga e maha o ona whakaaro. Tuatahi, kua wehea ai ki pango me te ma, me te tae. I mua ki te 1950, pouaka whakaata katoa e whakaatu ana pikitia pango me te ma anake. E rua tae paerewa TV: NTSC ko SECAM - te mahi huri noa i te ao ki runga ki inaianei. TV taea te wehea hoki ki utua me utu. I roto i ia whenua i reira ko te huinga o takere e taea mataara i tetahi tei mau o te TV. Ko reira e ano takere i reira te tohu e taea te kite anake mo te moni. kia rerekē ngā utu, engari kei te piki haere puritia te wahi o te pouaka whakaata i runga i te ahua o te 30% o te mākete katoa.

Na roto i te TV tohu e taea te wehea tikanga te tuku ki:

• faufaa, i roto i tenei take, e tango te farii TV he tohu i te pourewa pouaka whakaata, ko te ara tino waia, me te noa o te päpäho reira;
• te taura, i roto i tenei take mai te tohu i te tuku i runga i te taura hono e te ki te TV;
• SAT - he tohu tuku i te pee'utari, ka riro e te pūihi motuhake e whakawhiti ana he whakapakoko ki te papatohu motuhake hono ki te pouaka whakaata;
• Internet TV, i roto i tenei take, tuku te tohu kei roto i te whatunga.

E ai ki te tikanga o whakawaehere mōhiohio TV e wehea ki tairitenga me mamati. Ko te tuarua he kounga teitei ki te waehere me te tuku paerewa hou.

mahi TV

kua roa kua he āhuatanga pāpori nui Whakaata, kua reira maha ngā mahi nui. Nā ki tona whānuitanga nui, urutanga me te whanaungatanga, pouaka whakaata ko te tino nui rawa o te pāpāho papatipu. E pouaka whakaata Ko te taputapu whai hua mō te tohatoha kōrero i roto i te nuinga o te taupori.

Ko te kupu, kia kia whakaahuatia te hītori o te poto pouaka whakaata i te kupu "mōhiohio". Ko te āhuatanga tino nui tuarua - ko te hanganga o te whakaaro tūmatanui, e kore i roto i kaitōrangapū noa, me te pānuitanga e pera vēkeveke ki te tiki ki te TV, ko te teihana taea te tangata ki te riria o te tika o te wāhi ngā o te tirohanga, me te mahi i runga i tona whanonga tenei. mahi hoki TV mahi ahurea, me te mātauranga. pāho te reira i tikanga ahurea me ngā uara, horahia paerewa hapori whakaaetia, kawea e te reira i te tangata o te matauranga, hanga ana e ia ngā kaupapa me ari o te paearu aro mātai. Ko e taea ki te mahi i te mahi integrative, rite reira e taea te kawe tahi iwi i roto i te hapori etahi hoki TV. Ka rite ki ki pāpāho katoa, mahi te TV he mahi mātauranga: parau te reira ia tatou e te vai nei pai, me te kino, āta te ture morare, me ngā uara. A, o te akoranga, ko o te āhuatanga whakangahau pouaka whakaata, e tauturu te reira i te tangata ki te akaanga, oaoa i te telecast tirohanga.

Momo o ngā hōtaka TV

Ko te hītori katoa o te pouaka whakaata - he te ara ki te kitea hōputu hou o ngā hōtaka pouaka whakaata. Kei te whawhai takere mo te pūtirotiro me te reira e takoha ki te waihanga momo hou. Ka taea te wehea ihirangi pouaka whakaata hou ki te momo e whai ake nei:

• Entertainment. Whakaata, hoki te iwi maha, ko te tikanga tuatahi o te watea, na tamata i te takere ki te whakahere i te whānuitanga o ngā hōtaka whakangahau mō ngā rōpū rerekē o kaimätakitaki.
• whakawhiti Information. hono te kōrero o te pouaka whakaata te matua ki te hiahia ki te ueue i ngā mōhiohio, ka tahuri tonu te rota o te iwi i runga i te TV ki te whakarongo ki te rongo me te ki ako atu e pā ana ki te ngā kaupapa me ngā meka.
• Infotainment. Ko te huinga o nga mahi tino nui e rua taea hiahia ake i roto i te maha o mata'ita'i, a na reira e ngana ana te kaihanga ki te whakakotahi i te hōputu rua i roto i te kotahi te ahua o ngā hōtaka.
• hōtaka mātauranga. E hāngai ana ēnei pāhotanga i faahohonuraa me whakawhānui o te matauranga i runga i tetahi take. whakarato rātou i ngā mōhiohio whai hua ki te whakarongo, tukua ki te ako i tetahi mea hou, me te ki te whakawhānui ratou Horizons.
• Pāpori-whakahohe tuku. E hāngai ana tēnei ihirangi kei i faaohiparaa i te whakarongo, e pā ratou i roto i tetahi mahi hapori whai kiko, pērā i ngā pōtitanga.

Ko te putanga, me te whanaketanga o te te päpäho i roto i te ao

I te tau 1928 ka timata te mahi teihana pouaka whakaata tuatahi ia. timata tuatahi Ulysses Sanabria ki tuku whakapakoko, me te tangi i te iarere o tona teihana reo irirangi. Otiia ki te timata kihai i taea haapurororaa auau ki a ratou ki te Topatariraa Rahi. hītori pouaka whakaata Mass ki haapurororaa auau tīmata i roto i 1934 i roto i Germany. kaipāho German RRG wā tuatahi i roto i te aamu arahina ki nga Olympics Berlin päpäho e te hongere TV. I roto i te 1936, kua whakapumautia te pāpāho auau kua i roto i te UK. A iti i muri mai, te kamupene TV puta i roto i te United States me te Soviet Union.

I roto i te tau 1950, i te Hononga o Amerika mo te wa tuatahi i whakaurua he paerewa hou mō te pouaka whakaata te tae, tata tonu, tangohia tenei au i runga i roto i nga whenua whakawhanakehia katoa. I roto i te 1967, whakaurua Europe me te Soviet Union ona ake pouaka whakaata tae paerewa. Āta i hanga he ahurea pouaka whakaata, mahi hanga nui pūnaha momo pūranga o ngā hōtaka, i reira he kairīpoata TV ngaio me kaiwhakataki. I roto i te hawhe tuarua o te rau tau 20, hei te pouaka whakaata, kua whānui, kua vai te reira i roto i tata kāinga katoa o te whenua.

Ka taea te whakaahuatia poto te hītori o te pouaka whakaata rite te hiahia mo te faatîtîraa ao. Kua whakataetae TV tonu ki te pikitia, whare tapere, whakangahau papatipu, engari te mutunga ka mau tona wahi i roto i te ahurea o nāianei, e kore toa engari e kore e ngaro i te ōrite.

TV mai ki Russia

tīmata te mutunga i roto i te rite ki ētahi atu whenua whakawhanakehia te hītori o te pouaka whakaata i roto i Russia. I araia tenei e te Pakanga o te Ao Tuarua, i hoatu atu, atu rû, raruraru ki te āhua. tīmata haapurororaa auau i roto i 1931, ka rere te taupatupatu i runga i ngaru reo. Tuatahi, kua riro te reira 30 anake televisions aunoa, i muri e tīmata rangatira Russian ki te hanga farii kāinga-hanga. I roto i te 1933, ka tīmata te reira hanga tamahanahana ki te reo irirangi "B-2" mō te fariiraa i fariiraa pouaka whakaata kāinga. I te tau 1949 tīmata ia hanga rangatū o te pouaka whakaata KVN motu. I te tau 1951 i hanga e ia Central Pouaka Whakaata Kaiwhakapāoho o te USSR. I roto i te 1959, i whakahaere ngā i runga i te whakarewatanga o te pāpāho tae. I roto i te 1965, whakarewa te Soviet Union tona amiorangi tuatahi, e taea ai e koe haapurorohia te tohu TV puta noa te whenua.

pouaka whakaata Soviet

tīmata hītori Mass o te pouaka whakaata i roto i Russia i 1951, ka tīmata te reira ki te mahi i te studio pokapū. Te kāwanatanga Soviet tino ähua ki te hanganga o te pouaka whakaata, te ite ona e taea nui ki te whakaawe i te hinengaro o te taupori. Na reira, ko te whakahaere o te kāwanatanga whakatata te studio ata, whakatuwheratia reira etahi putanga kaupapa: ko te pāpori-tōrangapū, mō ngā tamariki me te taitamarikitanga, waiata, tuhituhi, me te whakaari. He tau i muri mai ka haere mai te TV studio Leningrad. Rua studio pouaka whakaata i raro i te Manatū o Culture o te USSR.

Tae noa kawea 1965 haapurororaa i roto i anake i roto i Moscow me Leningrad. I roto i te hawhe tuarua o te pouaka whakaata 50s puta tari i roto i ngā rohe maha, kiriata ratou scenes mo te studio pokapū. I roto i te mutunga o 60-doma o päpäho tīmata ki te horapa ki te rohe Pākehā, me mai 1965 - i roto i te whenua katoa. Āta, kupu hou: .. "Breaking News", "Ko te hōtaka tuatahi," "Ko te hōtaka Moscow", "Educational Program", me ētahi atu te whakanui koe i te wa haapurororaa, puta takere hou i runga i te wā. He he wehenga o nga whika, nga haapurororaa mati tuatahi Central Studio, haere ki te rua o nga hōtaka rohe. I roto i te wawe 80-doma puta studio pouaka whakaata Republican. haamata Central Television ki te rere maha e hoki rohe rerekē.

TV Russian New

Ki te hanganga o te huri huarahi ki te pouaka whakaata, i reira te mea he pea o te whakahaere o kaipäpäho motuhake. haamata History o te hanganga o te hōputu hou o te pouaka whakaata ki te ahua o TV Company "VID". whakarite ia kairīpoata taitamariki W. Leaf, A. Lyubimov, A. Rasbash, D. Zakharov. tīmata kaipāho ki te waihanga i te whānuitanga o ngā hua, me te hokona ratou ki kaipāho hou. I roto i te 1989, ka tīmata auctioning teihana TV ngā, whakahaere hou: "Ostankino", RTR, "Petersburg - Channel 5." Tūaritia i waenganui i te auau matua, timata pouaka whakaata iti ki te kopere ratou he momo o ngā hōtaka. I roto i te 1996, ka tīmata te reira tupu tere o kamupene hou päpäho o te rahi katoa, i nui, pērā i NTV me Ren-TV, ki te iti rawa, te taumata pa. arata'i taua kanorau ki te meka e te hau i reira, he maha ngā momo rerekē o ngā hōtaka: i tōrangapū ki whakangahau. he maha tipu o ngaio pouaka whakaata te whenua kua, riro pouaka rohe ōhanga pai o te mahi.

Mai 2006, haamata te reira i te mārama rereketanga pouaka whakaata tūmatanui, me te arumoni, i waenganui i reira he whakataetae kaha hoki kaimätakitaki. I teie mahana, i roto i Russia reira e pā ana ki 3,200 kamupene TV e hanga hua mo ngā rōpū katoa o kaimätakitaki.

pouaka whakaata arumoni i roto i Russia

Ko te hītori o te pouaka whakaata Russian tuarua ana te kōrero o te whenua katoa. Na reira, ka whawhati ake te Soviet Union me i reira ko te āhua ki te mau parau tumu ōhanga me te tōrangapū hou, takoha TV ki te huri hoki. Heoi, i reira he he arumoni TV, e, i roto i te tua ki te mahi i tabulahia i runga ake, whāinga ki te tango painga ohaoha. arata'i Pouaka Whakaata arumoni ki te ahua o te pānuitanga, e ko te puna o te pūtea. Ano hoki i reira ko te wāhanga utu-TV, e ngā taura, amiorangi me te TV ipurangi.

I roto i Russia, he tino puhoi tenei tukanga, e kore te mea rite ki te utu mo te hua pouaka whakaata te nuinga o te taupori, me te kore e taea e hoko takere whakahere he rota o te ihirangi ahurei, e pai whakataetae ki te pouaka whakaata free. kawea whanaketanga whīwhiwhi atu o te utu-TV kua te Internet, i roto i nei e noa ki te tiki i tata tetahi mōhiohio nga mua. Heoi, ka taea e kite koe i e āta waia ki te Russian tangata ratonga pērā i taura me te amiorangi pouaka, e hoki te nui iti hopoi te kāinga he maha nui o awa.

Ki te uaua nui, engari kei te hanga e me te pouaka whakaata pono arumoni, e te vai na roto i te hoko o tona hua TV anake. He tauira, ko te, hei tauira, motuhake TV "Rain", e te vai na roto i te hoko ohaurunga ki tou awa, me te rata ana kaimätakitaki ahurei kaituhi hōtaka. Ko nui History o te pouaka whakaata mo te utu i roto i te Te Hau-ā-uru hītori angitu atu. I roto i Russia, Heoi, tae noa ki te ngana te arumoni TV ki te tīariari i te utu o pānui, kukume he maha nui o kaimätakitaki mō te kore utu.

pouaka whakaata mamati

hono te hītori katoa o te TV te ki te whanaketanga o hangarau ahunga whakamua. pānga te reira i te whakawhitinga hangarau image huringa me te ai te ahua o ngā momo hou o te pouaka whakaata. Ko te kupu, ki te putanga o te hangarau mamati puta me nga awa hāngai. He maha ngā rerekē o te mamati tohu tuku taura, amiorangi me te teretetiera. Ko te hangarau hou taea huinga pouaka whakaata ki te pūwetewaehere motuhake ki te hanga i te par ki tairitenga me tohu mamati. hanga hangarau mamati hohoro taea reira ki tetahi tawhiti ki te päpäho-teitei ataata. Tei runga i te momo o te whakawaehere, i reira e rave rahi paerewa ao: ko te Pākehā, Japanese, me te American. Ko te painga matua o te pouaka whakaata mamati kei rite whai i mua i te orotahi:

• pokanoa mitigation ka whakawhitihia he tohu;
• ake i ngā hōtaka tuku i roto i te whānuitanga auau taua;
• te whakapai ake i te kounga o te whakapakoko tuku me te tangi;
• te taea o te tauwhitinga ki te whakarongo, ka taea e ia te whiriwhiri i te wa mātakitaki ki te arotake i te hōtaka, ki te tono etahi ihirangi;
• te taea o te tuku o ngā mōhiohio atu, i roto i te tua ki ngā hōtaka pouaka whakaata.

I teie mahana, katoa i runga i te ao kei te tere whakakapi foaki tairitenga ki mamati. Kua tangohia Russia hoki te hōtaka o te whakakapinga o te tairitenga ki päpäho mamati, i tenei ra i nga awa nui katoa haapurorohia e rua momo o tohu, engari ka āta whakaiti reira te maha o awa tairitenga. Nāwai, ka e whakakapi i te mata'ita'i katoa te televisions i roto i to ratou mau utuafare i runga i te hou, tairitenga pouaka whakaata ka haere mai ki a noa iho.

ngā Modern i roto i te whanaketanga o te pouaka whakaata i roto i te ao

Ki te whanaketanga o te hītori Internet o te pouaka whakaata e te huri tona pere. I teie mahana, hangaia whatunga pouaka whakaata nui katoa te putanga hiko o te awa, i reira ka taea e kite koe i TV ora, waiho kōrero, kia etahi tono. Kei te huri te pouaka whakaata te tauira o ngā ki te whakarongo, i teie nei e tonu e tohe i te awa ki te whai wāhi i te minenga i roto i te kōrero. A mārama, ka anake tupu tenei au. Kaimätakitaki kē i te kaha ki te waiho kōrero, ki te pōti, ki te ui pātai ki te toa o te hōtaka. Te āhua hohoro ngaro tona mātiti hāngaitanga päpäho, ka hanga i ia pūtirotiro te tukutuku i runga i te tono. Kei te piki hoko i te pūtirotiro hou te kiritaki, me ana ngā ngākau nuitanga, a ka haere tonu ki te whakatau i te rere o te kōrero i roto i te puka pouaka whakaata. Ka whakanui i pea te ia o te TV kōmitimiti ki te pāpāho hiko. ka waiho TV he kaiwhiwhi kore anake o TV, engari ano hoki i te pūrere multifunctional.

Tuhinga mo te whanaketanga o te pouaka whakaata i roto i Russia

Ko te hou hītori o motu e neke pouaka whakaata i roto i te ahunga taua rite te ao. I roto i te 2004, i uru atu te tuatahi Russia ki te tikanga muka-whatu o whakawhitihia tohu pouaka whakaata. Ko te kupu whakatuwheratia te wā hou o te TV Ipurangi. I teie mahana, te wheako pouaka pēhanga kaha pāpāho hiko e kukume kaimätakitaki, rawa taitamariki wahine. Ko reira reira kitea e ka whakawhanake i te hītori o te pouaka whakaata i roto i Russia i whakataetae, me te mahi tahi ki te Internet. I teie mahana, e hipoki 99% o whare i päpäho pouaka whakaata, engari kua whakaritea te au hoatu ake TV, ina koa i roto i te mau utuafare taitamariki i roto i te rohe whakapaipai. Te āhua, ki te momo ngā o teihana TV peka paku tika ki heke ki te Internet, ka whakanui i whāiti o kamupene, ake kaha ka waiho te wehenga o ngā kaipāho me production kamupene.