Pūtau T-kaiawhina, he aha te mea te reira? Akona te tikanga o reira ki te kaiawhina T pūtau whakaarahia tuku iho ranei

Ko te tinana tangata ngā he plurality o wāhanga e te hunga i roto i te hononga tonu ki ia atu. Ko te tikanga matua ko: ngā pūnaha romahā, kūnatu, Cardiovascular, urogenital, endocrine me te io. I roto i te tikanga ki te te tiaki i ia o enei wae, i reira te mea he pa motuhake. Tikanga e tiaki ia tatou i te mau mana taiao kino, he ārai. Ia, kia rite ki te tahi atu pūnaha o te tinana, he hononga ki te pūnaha io pokapū me te taputapu endocrine.

Ko te tūranga o te pūnaha ārai mate i roto i te tinana

Ko te mahi matua o te mate - he korero ki matū ke e tomo i te taiao ranei hanga endogenously i roto i ngā tukanga pathological. Tona mahi te mauria e ia i roto i roto i ngā pūtau toto motuhake - lymphocytes. He lymphocytes ma pūtau toto me ngā momo e kitea i roto i te tinana tangata tonu. Te whakatairanga i te hunga ta e te aro i te pūnaha ki te kaihoko ke, me te whakaiti - kore o parepare o te tinana - hē ārai. Ko tētahi atu mahi, ko te ki neoplasms whawhai, whakatinana nei i tauwehe puku necrosis. Kei te pūnaha ārai mate he plurality o tinana, e mahi rite te arai ki ngā āhuatanga kino. Ko ētahi o ēnei:

• kiri;
• te thymus;
• kōateate;
• taikiri kōpuku;
• wheua wheua whero;
• toto.

E 2 ngā momo o tikanga e e tühonohono te. wātea i te mate pūtau mahi mana o matūriki kino e T-lymphocytes. Enei hanganga, i tahuri, roherohea ki T pūtau kaiawhina, T-suppressor me pūtau T-kaipatu.

Mahi wātea i te mate pūkoro

mahi te mate pūtau i te taumata o te hanganga iti rawa o te tinana. I tēnei tiaki ngā he maha o lymphocytes rerekē, ia o nei mahi he mahi motuhake. mai ratou katoa i ma pūtau toto , me te noho i te nuinga o ratou. i tika ki to ratou wahi o te take te ingoa o T-lymphocytes - te thymus. Te repe thymus tīmata ki te whakaputa i enei hanganga ārai noa i roto i te whanaketanga embryonic tangata, pārōnaki o ratou pito i roto i te tamarikitanga. Ina e, mutu te tinana ki te mahi, a ki te 15-18 tau ngā anake o fatty kiko. mahia Thymus nga āhuatanga anake o te wātea i te mate pūtau - T pūtau: pūtau kaiawhina, pūtau kaipatu me te suppressor.

I muri i whakapā ki te māngai ke, te tinana whakahohetia tona pūnaha ārai, arā mate. tīmata Tuatahi o te take kino katoa whawhai macrophages, ratou mahi, ko te ki te takanga mai antigen. Ki te kore ratou e taea e akakoromaki i tona mahi, ka hono te taumata muri o te tiaki - wātea i te mate pūtau. Ko te tuatahi ki te ite i te antigen ki T-ōka - te kaipatu o āpiha ke. Ngohe o ngā pūtau T-kaiawhina ko ki te āwhina i te pūnaha ārai mate. whakahaere ratou i te wehenga me te pārōnaki o ngā pūtau katoa o te tinana. Tetahi o ratou mahi - te hanganga o te hononga o te rua nga tu o te mate, arā, lymphocytes awhina B te huna hoki paturopi, te faaitoitoraa o te tahi atu hanganga (monocytes, pūtau T-ōka, pūtau rewa). E hiahiatia ana T-suppressors i roto i te tikanga ki te whakaiti i te mahi nui o hoa mahi, ki te tika.

Ngā momo o ngā pūtau T-kaiawhina

Tei runga i te mahi o ngā pūtau T-kaiawhina e wehea ki e rua ngā momo: te tuatahi, me te tuarua. kawea te production tuatahi kei te roto o te take puku necrosis (tohe neoplasms), gamma interferon (tohe māngai viral), interleukin-2 (whai wāhi i roto i te tauhohe inflammatory). Kei te aro katoa o enei āhuatanga i te whakangaromanga o antigens roto te pūtau.

Me te momo tuarua o ngā pūtau T-kaiawhina ki te kōrero ki te wātea i te mate humoral. Ēnei pūtau T hua interleukins 4, 5, 10, me te 13, te whakarato i tēnei hononga. I tua atu, T momo kaiawhina 2 Ko kawenga mo te hanga o IgE, hono nei te tika ki te tauhohe mate pāwera o te rauropi.

Hua me te hekenga i roto i T kaiawhina kaiao

He ture motuhake o lymphocytes i te tinana, i huaina ratou ako ko immunogram. Tetahi ine, ahakoa kei te whakapai ake i te reira whakaiti whakaaro te pūtau kei te ki kia rerekē ranei, e te, whakawhanake tetahi āhua pathological. Ki te tuku iho T kaiawhina tikanga kore e taea ki te faaohipa tino tona pānga pūnaha ārai o te tinana. he āhua pērā he hē ārai kitea i roto i te hapū, me te hohipera, i muri i te mate, mate ma'i. Kei te whakaaro te reira ki te hei i te whakakitenga hopea o HIV mate - oti rangirua o te wātea i te mate pūtau. Ki te nui haere te pūtau T-kaiawhina, i roto i te tinana i reira ko te runga-tauhohenga ki antigens, arā haere ratou mana i te tukanga noa i roto i te tauhohe pathological. puta te huru taua ka mate pāwera.

Ngatahi o te wātea i te mate pūtau me te humoral

Ka rite ki mohiotia te, mahi i te pūnaha ārai mate ona āhuatanga tiaki i runga i rua ngā taumata. Ko tētahi o ratou mahi anake i runga i te hanganga pūtau e kei roto i te whakapā ki wheori rearrangements ira rerekē mahi whakahohe o T-lymphocytes ranei. Taumata Tuarua - ture humoral kawea nei i roto i na roto i te tuu ia i te tinana katoa mā immunoglobulins. Ēnei pūnaha tiaki i roto i ētahi wā ka taea e te mahi wehe i ia atu, engari atu pinepine taunekeneke ratou ki tetahi ki tetahi. kawea tatou wātea i te mate pūtau me te humoral te i roto i ngā pūtau T-kaiawhina, e ko, "hoa mahi". Tenei taupori o T-pūtau whakaputa interleukins motuhake, ngā enei: IL-4, 5, 10, 13. kore enei hanganga te whanaketanga me te mahi o te tiaki humoral taea.

Ko te uara o ngā pūtau T-kaiawhina i roto i te pūnaha ārai mate

Nā ki te tuku o te pūnaha ārai mate interleukin whakawhanake me paruru ia tatou i te mau mana. tauwehe puku necrosis ārai tukanga mate pukupuku, i te mea tetahi o nga mahi tino nui o te tinana. kawea tenei katoa i roto i ngā pūtau T-kaiawhina. Ahakoa te meka e ngāue ratou autaki (i roto i te tahi atu pūtau), ko te tino nui to ratou faufaa i roto i te pūnaha ārai mate, kia rite ki te āwhina ratou i roto i te whakahaere o nga āhuatanga tiaki o te rauropi.