Rārangi o konganuku kore-ferrous: āhuatanga, tono

Ko te whanaketanga o te ao kihai i taea i tangohia wahi kia tere, ki te kahore i kitea te tangata i te ara ki te hua me te tukatuka i ngā konganuku. A, ki te i te tuatahi i whakatairangatia ana te reira e te āhuatanga angitu o Kowaka koura tūturu takoto tika i runga i te mata oneone, ka hohoro te rārangi o konganuku kore-ferrous, i whakahaere iwi ki "te whakamarie", ka tino whakawhānui. Kua faaite nga ngā tuatahi me te ako atu taipitopito o te āhuatanga o ngā āhuatanga hou e ngā rauemi katoa i ngā āhuatanga rerekē, me ratou whakamahinga mo te taua take e taea. Ano, take te iti matatini rāhui maitai production e whakarewa kore-ferrous me hanga atu faufaa, me te utu atu i mangu.

He aha te mea he konganuku kore-ferrous?

Ētahi iwi whakapono e nga konganuku kore-ferrous - he tino nui te koura, te hiriwa me te konukawata, Heoi, ko te he tenei tirohanga. Tuatahi o te katoa, i roto i te rārangi i runga ake o konganuku kore-ferrous i roto i te whānui e kore e taea te tomo katoa o enei konganuku, no te mea no ratou ki ngā rōpū rerekē o e rua ngā āhuatanga, ngā tukanga tikanga, me te hanga, tohatoha, me i te tono (anake hoki pono ahumahi whakapaipai). Ka taea e koe amo e konganuku kore-ferrous katoa, e kore e nei i roto i roto i tona hanganga Fe, arā rino.

I roto i te natura, i reira e he maha nui o ngā matū, ia o nei he āhuatanga ahurei, me te whakatika ratou taonga. I roto i te tino mohiotia: parahi, konumohe, Titanium, konupora, nika, he tine, he mata, chromium, zirconium, me neke atu i te tatini o rauemi e whakamahia i roto i ngā ahumahi kuiti-kōtaha. e kore te mea e taea analogues kitea ratou, engari ano hoki i roto i te hanga o ngā āhuatanga horihori o taiwhanga tino pūtaiao ko te mahi hoki-whawhati me te moemoea o te pūtaiao i huri noa i te ao, me te puta noa i te tau. Kati te reira ki te haamana'o i te mau papa'iraa alchemical me ngā whakaahuatia i roto i te mahi pūtaiao o nga tau onamata, a i roto i mahi hītori, tuhituhinga, me te maha pūrākau e whai kahore taunakitanga pono mo te.

Ahi, te wai me te parahi putorino

Na he aha te te painga o te whakarewa, kore-atu rongonui, me te taputapu iti? He aha e keri ratou maha rawa fakamamafa'i tikanga, me te maha nui o kaipakihi o te rahi katoa kahore i runga te kohikohi i nga kongakonga o konganuku kore-ferrous? Ko te take i enei materia i ngā āhuatanga ōkiko me te matū ahurei. Nuinga, kua āhuatanga ratou i plasticity tiketike, me te whenu, energoprovodimostyu pai me konganuku noa e e taea ki te tiki rawa i te tokomaha nui iwi, whakamahia ia o ratou i roto i te tikanga tino rerekē.

Tino korero, e taea te whakamahi e kore rauemi katoa i roto i te parakore, puka tarapape ore, ki te rārangi o konganuku kore-ferrous kia doping pera-ka karanga, he mea tino nui. E konatunatua tahi ratou ki te hanga i pūhui hou e taea te whakamahi i roto i te ahumahi wāhi, rongoā, me te maha atu ngā wāhi o te ora te tangata. I te tahi taime he nui ki te mahi i etahi wahi huānga ranei o te mea i te whakarewa kore-ferrous utu, me te ahurei reira, engari anake ki te hanga riringi. ka waiho ngā āhuatanga ōkiko me te matū o te paninga rawa kikokore rawaka ki te whakatutuki i te whakaaro e hiahiatia ana.

Ko katoa e kore koura e glitters

Gold - whakarewa, te rongonui tino i roto i te tae. Ko kahore ohorere tenei, Ko na tiketike e mo te wa roa, te utu ratou mo taonga tona rongonui, ko reira te pūtake mo te momo o te whakapaipai, me te e, me te nui ka he ahua o te mehua o te tangata pai-oranga. E rave rahi ahuru matahiti i ma'iri a'e, te tātai i waenganui i te whenua e rua e wahi i roto i te ōrite te koura, a inaianei rāhui koura o tetahi pūtea kāwanatanga ko te tohu o te ōhanga whānui, me te taonga o te taupori i roto i ngā.

Kei o te koura - he whakarewa onge, ngāwari ano ki te hapai i. Ko te painga matua o te ukanga pai o Sega, ai rei te hanga whakapaipai ataahua me tuhinga o te rauemi kōwhai. Heoi, i roto i te āhua o te koura iti parakore, a ko reira tino uaua ki te whiwhi, i roto i tenei whakaaro, kei te maha i te reira tāpiri ngā tāpiritanga, e he paku huri te tae me te mārū o te koura i roto i te hua whakamutunga. Rārangi o konganuku kore-ferrous he kanorau, me te whakamahia i ia tāpiri mō te ngā take, nga rauemi matua ko:

• parahi;

• hiriwa;

• nika;

• konukawata;

• palladium;

• te konutea.

Ia o enei konganuku huri te tae taketake o te rauemi hua, e ai kia puwhero, māwhero, kauruku ma. Ko hoki reira faufaa kaha whakarewa whakauru, no te mea he kia ngohengohe e taea te ngāwari Rakuraku reira, tapahia ki te maripi, ki te kaha e tika ana, ngau te niho koura i roto ano. Katoa o enei tikanga - he ara māmā, me te utu ki te whakamatautau ia hua mo te motuhēhē.

I tua atu ki te ahumahi whakapaipai, whakamahia te koura i roto i te whare ahumahi matū, hikohiko, wāhi me te rererangi, te hanga o te hinu.

konganuku utu nui

I roto i te konganuku tino utu kore te mea i runga i te utu tino, ko reira anake te tūranga rangatira tuawha. Rārangi o konganuku kore-ferrous i utu pānui e whai ake nei (te utu utu mo te 1 karamu):

• California - i 500 mano tara;

• osmium-187- 200 mano tara;

• Rhodium - $ 225;

• Platinum - $ 77;

• koura - $ 30;

• osmium - $ 19;

• Iridium -16 tara;

• ruthenium - $ 15;

• palladium - $ 14;

• Silver - $ 0.6.

He wā e whakamahia ana etahi o enei āhuatanga matū e whakamahia ana i roto i tona ahua parakore, a kore katoa e ki te hanga i nga masterpieces o toi o te kaituhi kohatu. Kei te maha riro te reira i pū hokohoko wae takitahi o ngā wāhanga matatini kitea ki pāmahana teitei iti ranei, matū kino, etc. Non-ferrous konganuku i tenei rōpū - .. Ko te pū, mahi matatini engari pai, e e wahi i te taumata kāwanatanga i roto i whakahaere apunga ranei. mārama taputapu motuhake, missiles, e e ngana ana ki te whakahoki mongamonga o kōrero mō te tukatuka atu te ahumahi hōia.

tono

He tokomaha kia fifili he aha e na utu enei rauemi. A, ka oti te hopu karamu o te whakarewa utu nui, e taea te mahi i te reira i roto i te mahi? Ko ohie te whakahoki: kahore etahi pūkenga me te taputapu - tetahi mea.

Hei tauira, Kei te whakamahia palladium mo te minting o manatunga me ira kohinga, i te mea he tikanga o te whakapaipai haumi. Otiia i roto i te whakaaro atu mahi, kua whakamahia te reira ki te hanga i ngā pūrere hauora. He whai hua rite te wāhanga mō te purenga o te wai Ruthenium me whakapakeke alloys iridium mō ngā hua e ka kitea kia ki pāmahana tino tiketike.

E rave rahi o te konganuku kore-ferrous e whakamahia rite te tikanga o te moni, me te tiaki o te whakapaipai e whai wāhi i roto i te hokohoko mākete rite ko reira te whakawhitinga kararehe mōhiohio, me te te tetahi o nga tikanga mo whakawhitinga kouru nui, me te whakataunga.

alloys parahi

Parahi - tetahi o nga rauemi tino rongonui i roto i te hanga o te waea hiko, paipa wai, te hikohiko. Ko ia he whakangutungutu rawa, e kore te mea kaha nui i te pēne pai o te wera me te hiko i te wa ano, me te he maka painga. Hei whakatau i tēnei drawback, ko te whakarewa parakore tāpiri ngā poke i te parahi rawa kaha e hanga. Tin, i whiwhi nei te rite te hua e kore he kaupapa ki te waikura, me te abrasion,, whakawhetai ki te āhuatanga o tona hōkai ko tino whanui.

Ko tētahi atu tāpiri noa ko te konutea, te tetahi ōrau o te whakarewa hanga reira taea ki te farii i te parahi. Tenei hanganga He ihirangi rawa nui dopant, te teitei te ihirangi ōrau o te tāpiri, te uaua te whakarewa, engari he ngoikore ake ki te kino ha'iriiri.

Ko te maha whakamahia parahi-nika koranu i te hanga o te rei, te tāpiri homai he tae atu ahuareka, me te kaha o nga hua.

alloys konumohe

Konumohe - Ko tetahi o nga konganuku tino kore-ferrous. Taua rongonui ko e tika ana ki te utu iti o te hanga, te tukatuka tapatahi, me te noho pai whanaunga o whakarewa, te taea o te whakamahi i ngā rauemi hangarua.

Ka rite ki ki te tahi atu konganuku i roto i te konumohe parakore i fusing ngā tāpiritanga, i roto i te tua, kia whai alloys ratou e wehea tikanga ahumahi rerekē ki te hunga e kua whakapakaritia mo te maimoatanga wera, e kore whakapakeke, a tera ano hoki he motuhake, toru kāwai, e taea ai te whakarewanga o o ngā wāhanga e hiahiatia ana me ngā hua.

Hurihia konganuku kore-ferrous kōrero e te rauemi i muri i te maimoatanga e te ahua o rakau, waea o rerekē wāhanga ripeka me ūnga, pepa, korere, ingots me bushings.