Rudolf Apera haurongo, ngā mahi, whakaahua

whanau matataua Famous i roto i 1903 i roto i te UK. ko ana matua tahae Russian whakaraua ki Europe mo ratou mahi. A, no te e te tamaiti te whanau kia huaina William Fischer (i muri i Shakespeare). Ingoa i muri i tona hopu noho Rudolf Apera ki a ia, ina ko ia he tirohia i roto i te United States.

tamarikitanga

I whanau Matua Genrih Fisher i te hapu o Tiamana Russian nei noho i roto i Yaroslavl kawanatanga. Ko ia he Marxist whakaaro, a ka mohio ki a Lenin tonu i roto i te 90 o te rau tau XIX. Ngā me te nä, ka hopukina ia, ka whakahekea ki waho. Tona whaea ko he Māori o Saratov, ka whai wāhi hoki i roto i ngā mahi hou. Fakataha ki tana tane i tufaki ia i roto i te niupepa mahi "Iskra".

Ko reira ngā e puta ke tonu Apera papa ratou ingoa ki te whakapoauau te pirihimana ngaro Tsarist, e whai ana i nga tahae. Na reira, i pupuri te whānau he iho ki te ingoa Henry i ara rerekē. Na, ngā te teina Fischer i roto i te pukapuka ki a ia kia rite ki Anaru.

He tamaiti i kōhungahunga āhuatanga e te momo o taranata. I taea e ia i roto i nga tikanga māori, pai ia ki te utu ka tākaro mea whakatangi. Tona taranata toi awhinatia ia ki te United States, ka i te aroaro tetahi o ana whakaahua ki reira-te peresideni John F. Kennedy.

Ka rite ki te tamaiti, Rudolf Apera āhua rerekē varmint. Ki te hoa, ratau ia he kaipuke o kaihao Ingarihi, ahakoa e kore i taea e taua kauhoe, a nui atu te wehi o te wai.

ho'iraa

e kore Apera Rudolf Ivanovich heke mai i whai wā ki te whakaoti i aku akoranga i roto i Ingarangi, no te mea ka mau wahi te revolution i roto i Russia. haere mai mua ki te mana, a hoki ana tona hapu i runga i nga Tika o nga mema o matamua o te whakahaere ki a Moscow me ara noho i roto i te Kremlin. hanga Mother hoa ki tuahine o Lenin Maria. Heoi, te ora i roto i Russia kino tata tonu i te ati. haere kotahi te utuafare ki horoi i roto i te awa, a toremi tona tuakana tangata taitama - Harry.

I roto i te pia ma Rudolf Apera huri mahi pinepine. I te tuatahi ko ia he liliu i roto i te Komiti Executive o te Communist International. I muri mai, ka tomo ia ki tetahi o nga Studios Teitei Art me Hangarau hou whakatuwheratia.

haere mai te reira i roto i 1925, a ko Apera Rudolf Ivanovich i te ope. riro ia he kaiwhakahaere reo irirangi i roto i te wiki waea irirangi. I te mahi ka e ahau hiahia i roto i te tikanga i awhinatia ia i roto i te mahi a muri. E ai ki te raina taua i roto i te heke mai i roto i te Institute o te Force Air Rangahau. I reira, ko ia he kaitoi irirangi ngingila. Na ka moea e ia Elena Lebedeva - he kaiwhakatangitangi, te tākaro i te hapa. i te tamahine anake te tokorua.

I te pae hopea i roto i 1927, te matauranga o reo ke, me ngā hononga whānau arahi Apera ki te GPU, ranei, kaua ki roto i te tari maramarama ke. Here i taea ki te whakamahi i ō rātou taranata katoa ia. Tuatahi i reira ko he translator wā-tonu, i muri ka tahuri atu ki te waiho ano te kaiwhakahaere reo irirangi.

Mahi i runga i te maramarama ke

i tonoa te tangata taitama taea ki te UK. Ua tauturu ia e i whanau ai ia i roto i tenei whenua, a noho ana i reira te nuinga o tona tamarikitanga. Hoki tata katoa te 30raa whakamana Apera kōmihana ture mō te tūhura. I roto i ngā, ko ia he operator irirangi o noho Pākehā i roto i Norway me te UK.

Ko tētahi o ana ohipa tino whakatarapi i te wa i whakakikitia e te tikanga i ki hoki ki te kāinga o te ahupūngao rongonui Pita Kapitsa. noho ia, ka whakaako i roto i Oxford, anake i runga i hararei hoki i roto i te USSR. Heoi, fakatāutaha hiahia Stalin mataotao e tetahi tikanga i mahue i roto i te whenua, pera i taua wa ite te matamua o mohio mahi.

Na reira, rawa hohoro ako i te hoa hou, me te āheinga Rudolf Apera te utuafare. tukua Biography matataua ki te riro ngāwari a ia te whakawhirinaki o Kapitsa iti rawa no te mea ia ia te pai matau i roto i te te ahupūngao. I tua atu, ko te ture he reo nui - ka mau ia pūtaiao e whai i te whenua o nga Sovietí nga tikanga katoa mo te ora, me te mahi.

fakapapau'i ia e taea e Petr Leonidovich haere tonu hoki ki Ingarangi. Heoi, ka ko ia i roto i te Soviet Union, i katia te rohe ki a ia, a ka noho ia i te kāinga.

I roto i te mutunga o te 30-doma i purea papatipu NKVD, e kore e mawhiti me Rudolph Apera. Photos o taua wa taea hopu ia i roto i te katoa-Union Chamber o Tauhokohoko, te wahi noho ia i muri i tona pananga. Heoi, ko waimarie ia: e kore ia i koperea a kihai noa hopukina.

I tua atu, ka anga te whawhai, me maramarama mua hoki ki te mahi. Na whakangungua ia ngā reo irirangi i tonoa ki te muri o te Tiamana. Ko roto i aua tau, ko tona hoa i tetahi atu tirohia, Rudolf Apera. William Fisher ingoakē tangohia i konei.

te Ratonga United States-pōhi

Heoi, ko reira kore anake tona ingoa whakakapi. A, no te, i muri i te whawhai, i tonoa Apera ki te maramarama US noho ki uruwhenua rerekē, mohiotia hoki rite toi Lithuanian, me te Tiamana. Wahi o te noho ka New York, i reira tīmata ia tona ake studio whakaahua, te whakatangihanga a te tūranga o te taupoki whai hua. Ko i konei whakahaua e ia he kupenga whānui o māngai i roto i te Soviet Union Amerika.

Ko tōna i'oa pii mōhiohio ko Maka. I roto i te mutunga o 1940 mahi ia ki te hoa faaipoipo tutei rongonui Cohen. i whai hua Mahi Apera - riro te whenua tuhinga motuhake, me te mōhiohio.

hopu

Heoi, i roto i te 1957, i faaue te torotoro i te CIA. I roto i tona tira takai ana ake kaituku. Ko he operator irirangi Vic, e haere ana ki US mōhiohio mana e pā ana ki te whatunga maramarama.

A, no te puta te hopu, whakaurua Fisher Rudolfom Abelem. Ko te raro haere iho ia i roto i te aamu i tenei ingoa. Ahakoa te meka e kihai i tohe ia hara, whiua te marae ia ki 32 tau i roto i te whare herehere. ko Apera i puritia mokemoke i Atlanta, a e kua noho ki reira, a na noa te mutunga o te wā, ki te kahore i tamata i te reira ki te maramarama Soviet hoki tona noho.

tuku

A, no te i roto i te 1960 e tata ana Sverdlovsk i koperea iho e te pairati American Frensis Pauers, na'e tautea ano ia ki te 10 tau i roto i te Vladimir Central. Heoi, tae hautoa i waenganui i te whenua e rua te whakaaetanga ki te whakawhiti herehere.

whakamana te mahi i roto i Berlin i Glienicke Bridge 10 February 1962 tau. Ko te rohe ki waenganui i te ao Western me Eastern, te wahi mo te pūnaha tōrangapū e rua. I maoro i huaina te piriti i "torotoro" no te mea na reira i tonu i te iti rawa e toru take o utu o tutei kitea. Mana I tua atu ki te Hau Amui no Marite hoki ki te ākonga Frederic Pryor, e i hopukina i runga i te māharahara o te tutei.

hoki Rudolf Apera ki te taviniraa i roto i te kāwanatanga i muri i te maimoatanga poto. riro ia te kaiako, me te whakaako i te kuao tutei. I roto i te 1968, ka mohiotia ia puta noa i te whakawhetai whenua ki te "wa mate" tekitiwhi. hāngai ana te kiriata i runga i nga meka o tona koioranga, a ka te maramarama i te kaitohutohu ki te pikitia.

mate William Fisher i muri i te pakanga ki te mate pukupuku pūkahukahu i te 1971. tanumia ia i te New Donskoy urupā. kōrero tona ora faauruhia te kaituhi Vadim Kozhevnikov te hanganga o te pūrākau rongonui "Shield ko hoari", i muri mai hanga ki te kiriata.