Russian hītori tūhura Arctic. Ko te rautaki o te whanaketanga o te Arctic

aroaro o Russia i roto i te rohe Arctic mō ngā rau tau. Ki te whanaketanga o te waka, me te tahi atu rauemi hanganga ko te whanaketanga āta o te Arctic. hāngai USSR ratou tautooraa nuinga i runga i te whakatinanatanga o ngā kaupapa rohe mo te whanaketanga o ngā āpure takitahi. Na e hanga i te mana Russian tautooraa kaha ki te whakapiki ake i tino te akiaki o te whai wāhi o ngā rauemi o te rohe.

take pai. I roto i te hunga tohunga mea - etahi whakapai ake i roto i ngā āhuatanga āhuarangi (ka ka te reira e wātea ana atu rohe), tukanga ao i roto i te ōhanga ao, e rapu utu i te tuitui o ngā ara waka atu, tae atu i te huarahi raki e taea e. Raruraru o te Arctic rawa kanorau - te reira rauropi, me tōrangapū, me ngā āhuatanga pāpori-ohaoha. Ko te anga o te mahi i roto i tenei aronga, kia rite ki ngā tohunga, he tino nui.

whakawhenumi

Ko ngā ātahu te hītori o te tūhura Arctic. Ko te kōrero tuatahi e pā ana ki te rohe i roto i nga puna Russian rā hoki ki te rau tau 10. Rawa kaha haere te whanaketanga o rohe e kua inaianei te nuinga o tuku ki te Moana Northern Route. I roto i te rau tau 16 i taea ki te tiki i ki te waha o te Ob, a ka te rohe-noho - ki te Yenisei, te Lena. I reira, i roto i te wā, te kōrero e te whanaketanga o te tangata Arctic mau haere hoki ki nga wa onamata, mai te Stone Age. I roto i te tenetere 16-17th i taea ki te ite i te wahi matua o te takutai o te Arctic kaipuke Russian, te whakatuwhera i te ara ki te Pacific Ocean.

I roto i te rau tau waenganui-18 i runga i te rohe o te Arctic ko te kairangahau o te Northern Haerenga nui, arahina e Vitus Bering. i taea e ki te hanga i te mahere nui me te rauemi hydrographic Scientists. I roto i te tīmatanga o te rau tau 19, tonu ngā Russian ki te tūhura mātātoa te Arctic. Kua whai wāhi hoki ētahi haerenga, me ngā kairangahau ke. Hei tauira, i roto i te tau 1873 te tinomoutere, ko Franz Josef Whenua, whakatuwheratia nga heramana o te Austro-Hungarian Empire. I te 1878-1879 tau o te Northern Moana Route i te timatanga ki te mutunga o te mua, kairangahau i te taua Swedish-Russian tahi manuao i runga i te kaipuke "Vega". te rongonui Icebreaker "Ermak" hanga i roto i 1899, i whakaaetia ki te whakapumautia kōrero i waenganui i te rohe rerekē o te raki Russia. Arctic tūhura taahiraa i te taahiraa, a haere ana ki roto ki te rau tau 20. Ahakoa te wā uaua i muri i te Oketopa Revolution, i roto i te 1920, i hanga ai e rave rahi hanganga nei mahi ko ki te tūhura anō te rohe. I roto i te tau 1923-1933 i roto i te wāhi tata ki te Arctic Ocean, nga kairangahau Russian, me te ka Soviet hanga 19 teihana huarere. Tino tūhura te Russian Te Tai Tokerau me te i roto i te 30raa.

Mai te timatanga o te Pakanga nui Patriotic, te ako o te Arctic poto mutu, ko te hanganga o te rohe, whakapumautia i roto i nga tau o mua, i hanga he wāhi nui ki te wikitoria. I roto i nga tau i muri i te whawhai, i tae mai ano te Northern Moana Route te kairangahau Soviet. I roto i ngā wāhi pātata ki te Arctic, i nana ratou putunga o te hinu, hau, te koura, taimana. Whakawhanake hanganga pa, hanga o whakataunga hou, i reira nga whakaurunga nui ahumahi. I āhuatanga te hītori o te tūhura Arctic i te wā Soviet i te whakatinanatanga o taua nui-tauine me kaupapa faufaa rahi, a ka whakamahi Russia o taua tenei ra tonu me te hanganga, me te tuku iho pūtaiao o te wā. Heoi, i mua i to tatou whenua e anga ana wero hou i roto i te whanaketanga o te rohe.

Te hiranga ao

Interest i roto i te Arctic te faaruru Russia kore anake. Ko te take matua i tenei wahi o te ao kua ngā e te aro o tata nga fenua katoa a tawhio noa - nui taonga tūturu. I te iti rawa tetahi whenua e wha, ki te kahore Russia, titau te whanaketanga o te Arctic - te US, Canada, Norway ko Denmark. Ia whenua e putanga hopoia moana i roto i te-rohe tonotono.

Rauemi i roto i te Russian Arctic

ngā wāhi nui o te wahi continental o te Arctic no ki Russia. He ahurei putunga o te hinu , me te hau, me te wāhanga tuatahi i roto i to ratou whanaketanga, kei te timata kē to tatou whenua ki te whakatinana. Ka taea te kite i tenei, i roto i ngā, i te tauira o te tere tika o te hanganga whare i roto i nga rohe e te hunga pātata ki te papa Arctic - na taua i taea ki te noho tata ngā pae tūmanako kairangahau heke mai me ngā rōpū tonotono-mahi. Anake i roto i tetahi o te motuhake District Yamalo-Nenets te hanga nei rau o nga mano o mita pūrua o ngā wāhi noho. Pai ake me te hanganga waka.

whāinga tonu

He aha e nga kaupae i muri i roto i te anga o nei e hei te whanaketanga o Russian Arctic? kairangahau te nuinga kaha me kaipakihi o to tatou whenua riro i te ahunga o te whanaketanga o te hinu, me te hau Bovanenkovo mara kei roto i te rohe Yamalo-Nenets. E ai ki etahi tohunga, te reira te nuinga ka whakatau i te opuaraa no te whanaketanga ohaoha i roto i tenei wahi o Russia.

Kei te whakaritea te reira i e i roto i te whanaketanga o te Arctic tae noa ki 2020 ka noho te kāwanatanga hānga o Russia e pā ana ki 630 piriona moni. 50 piriona tūmanakohia te ki te kukume rite i pūtea rohe. whakarato ēnei whika i te hōtaka kāwanatanga o te whanaketanga o te Arctic, i te wa ano e taea te whakahoungia te nui. Ko te whakaaro o te hōtaka e hāngai ana - he whanaketanga whānui o te rohe Arctic katoa.

Fakasiokālafi ki whakaritea te Russian Arctic ki hopohopo i te hinonga ngā wāhi takutai me te moutere pērā i te rohe Murmansk ko Arkhangelsk, te Yamalo-Nenets motuhake District, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Yakutia, Chukotka motuhake District. Ko te pūmanawa rauemi o te rohe, kia rite ki nga mana, he nui. Ko titau tona whakatinanatanga mahi tautooraa nui e pā ana ki te otinga o ngā take taiao, kaupapa here ke. Whanaketanga o waka, pūngao, hanganga, tāpoi, ngā wāhi fafau, pērā i, mo te tauira, te whanaketanga o te papa Arctic - mahi rawa ohie.

rauemi Natural Yamal

Kua rohe Yamal - tetahi o te kī mo te ahumahi hau Russian. I mara nāianei hua neke atu i te 80% o to tatou hau. Ko te katoa rāhui o hau tūturu i runga i te Yamal Peninsula - Tiriona o mita pūtoru. He hoki hinu - tata ona whenua rāhui e i a tawhio noa 200 miriona tana. mahere Public-tūmataiti ki te whanaketanga kaha o te hanganga e taea o te whakarato tauwhiro o te hau i Yamal.

hanganga hau

I roto i te kaupapa matua i roto i te hanga o te hanganga i roto i Yamal - LNG production. Tuatahi o te katoa, tenei tipu e tata ana te whakataunga Sabetta, e hanga "Novatek". Ko te āheinga tūmanakohia o te hinonga - e pā ana ki 15 miriona taranata. Tata mahara te whakato te ki rererangi hanga, he taulanga nui. Ka rite ki tūmanakohia, te mara matua, i runga i te pūtake o e ka whakahaere i te kamupene, - South Tambeyskoye, whakaaro nei ko te nui rawa i roto i te Yamal Peninsula. Ko tōna rāhui - 1.3 trillion mita pūtoru o hau. He tohu e tenei kaupapa ka kia te nuinga arotahi ki runga i ngā mākete ke. rā i whakamaheretia o te whakaaetanga - 2016 tau.

Northern latitudinal

Whanaketanga o Arctic Russia, o te akoranga, e kore e iti ki ngā mahi i roto i te ahumahi hau. I roto i te ngā nui - te hanga ara moana wā roa-- te ara latitudinal Northern. mahara te hanganga o tenei ara moana te ki te tomo i taua tauranga rite Salekhard, Nadym, Novy Urengoi. e pā ana iteraa o te hōtaka o te hanganga o tenei ara moana e ki te hiahia ki te whakarite kōrero i waenganui i ngā wāhanga rerekē o te Arctic tonotono-rohe.

hanganga rerewhenua

haere tahi te whanaketanga o te Arctic e te hanga o whatunga tereina hou i roto i te rohe. He nui rawa, i roto i ngā mo te whanaketanga o te hinu, me te hau condensate mara, me te rite i roto i ngā o te whanaketanga pāpori-ōhanga o te rohe Yamal-Nenets tenei. anihia ki te hanga i te kōpuku teihana rerewē Ob-2, whakapanga rori, e hono Salekhard ki wahi o te Railway Northern. hanga i whakamāheretia o te piriti puta noa te awa Ob. tūmanakohia ēnei ahanoa e ki kia whakahaere i roto i 2015.

hanganga hinu

Te hinu transportation i te mara Yamal me ētahi atu tonotono-rohe titau te whanaketanga o te hanganga e tika ana. I roto i te kaupapa matua - te hinu "Puri-Pe" - "Samotlor". Ko te ahurei o reira - i roto i te tūranga matawhenua. Ia - te raki tino o te matua pipelines hinu Russian. Ko te whakaaro o tona hanganga - te hua i roto i te rōrahi o te hinu kawea i te Arctic me Siberia ki te wahi Pākehā o Russia ki te opuaraa kaweake.

hanganga hiko

Me whakawhanake o te Arctic te whakataki o whakaurunga hiko hanganga. I roto i te kī - Power "Polar". oti Ko tōna hanganga i roto i 2011. kaha tāuta o te tipu - 268 MW. "Polar" Ko te nuinga o e tika ana ki te whakatūnga o te supply ore o hiko production , hāngai i roto i te Yamal Peninsula, me te noho o nga pa i roto i te rohe, hanga ana e ia taea ki te whakakapi i nga kohua i tawhitotia e kua whakamahia i roto i ngā wāhi noho tangata. riro tenei te whakaiti muri o tariffs mō te hiko, me te wera hoki noho o Yamal.

tukatuka hau

Kei te tika te reira e kia kia kīnaki te hanga, me te kawe o ngā rauemi mata i runga i te Yamal Peninsula i ngā ahumahi tukatuka hoki. I roto i ngā, taunga ki te whakamahi o pera-ka karanga hau e pā ana. Ko te take i tenei momo o te rauemi e taea e te pūtake mō te whakaora o waiwaro marama. Ratou, i roto i te tahuri, ka taea e te whakamahi i te ahumahi matū mo te hanga o te rapa, teretere, me ētahi atu i roto i te hanganga ahumahi matua i roto i te rohe Arctic - .. tukatuka hau Complex Noyabrsk me hinonga rite i roto i Gubkinsky.

mana hau

Whakawhanakehia e te whanaketanga Arctic kāwanatanga Russian me rautaki rangatōpū ngā ano te whanaketanga o ngā tikanga o te whakaputa hiko kē. Tenei aronga Ko te mahi o te hanganga o te tipu te mana hau. E ai ki tetahi o nga kaupapa o nāianei he rauemi huarere tino pai te rohe mo te whakatinanatanga mahi angitu o ngā kaupapa e pā ana ki te whanaketanga o ngā mātāpuna pūngao kē. I roto i tenei take, ki te mana whakato hau e hanga e kore e rapua e hanga o te tahi mau rongoā faufaa hou hangarau - ko e katoa e hiahiatia ana kua i roto i te mākete. Whakatinana whanaketanga e hāngai ana taea - whakamatauria te whaihuanga ōhanga o ratou whakatinanatanga. Kua kī te Kāwanatanga o te motuhake District Yamalo-Nenets tona hinaaro ki he investor i roto i te kaupapa te aronga e hāngai ana.

tāpoi

tūmanakohia te whanaketanga o te Russian Arctic te i roto i te āhuatanga o te whanaketanga ahumahi kore anake, engari ano hoki i roto i te ara paku rerekē - e tūruhi. Na te maha o inapō nei faaoti ki te haere ki te Yamal roto haere, e kore pera nui. Heoi, ko te whanaketanga pea o te ahumahi e hāngai ana i roto i te rohe tino. Ua faaite tēnei i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā āhuatanga. Tuatahi, i runga i te āhua ataahua Yamal Peninsula. Tuarua, ora iwi konei taketake i roto i Russia, nei ahurea, ara o te ora, me te manaaki o te rohe e homai he hā motuhake. A toru, te Yamal - he wahi nui mo inapō waho.

Kia ano, mōhio tatou e tona moni i roto i te whanaketanga o te ahumahi tāpoi, ka mea te kāwanatanga i roto i Yamal. Ko te mahere o te mana - ki te whakatairanga i te whanaketanga o te hanganga e tika ana mō ngā haere me te tautoko mō ngā kaipakihi rave i roto i te kukume tūruhi ki te rohe. Ētahi tohunga whakapono e te Yamal, me ētahi atu rohe o te Arctic, kei te fafau i roto i ngā o te whanaketanga o te haere ipu.

Ko te āhuatanga taiao

He aha e nga raruraru matua, kahore nei te whanaketanga angitu o te Russian Arctic kia uaua? I te timatanga o tenei tuhinga, tuhia matou e roto i te wāhanga e rapua e aro motuhake, - te taiao. I roto i te wāhanga o te mahi e hiahia ana ki te kia whakatinana i roto i te heke mai e tata ana, - horoi te rohe Arctic te wahi e tino kitea tūponotanga taiao.

tauwehe utu hinu

I roto i tetahi putanga o te ōhanga ao e tomo te wā o te nuinga o utu hinu āhua iti. E taea tenei meka e he take kino i roto i te āhuatanga o te whanaketanga o te Arctic? He maha ngā tohunga whakapono e te utu o te hinu, me te hau production i roto i te rohe, ko te taua e ara, no te kore te mea utu ao tiketike rawa hoki te hinu e ōrite ana ki te momo o te mahi ohaoha ka noho pai te nāianei.