Smolensk Province: kauti me kainga

Ko te kōrero o te kawanatanga tuatahi i roto i te rohe o Imperial Russia rā hoki ki te 1708 tau. vai tenei momo o te wawahanga tae noa ki 1929. I roto i tenei ara ki te hanga i te wehenga o te rohe o nga wae whakahaere iti, rite te wehenga rohe.

Ko te kōrero o Smolensk kawanatanga

I roto i te hanganga o waru kawanatanga Pita ahau i roto i 1708 i whakapumautia ai i roto i te maha o te tahi atu kawanatanga Smolensk. Whenua i roto i te rohe i wahi o te kōwae rohe kotahi, me te kei i roto i te wahi Pākehā o te whenua. Roa Smolensk kawanatanga tae noa ki 1929, muri hoko te rohe i roto i te Faaapî i te Soviet Union. whakaaro te pa matua o te kawanatanga i Smolensk.

Ko te pū o te wāhi o te wawaetanga whenua o Imperial Russia whakaratohia te pātata, me ngā mahi ōhanga ki te nuinga o te tahi atu kawanatanga.

taha Province nga whenua e whai ake nei:

• Tver kawanatanga (raki me te raki-rawhiti);
• Moscow ko Kaluga (rawhiti);
• Orel (tonga - rawhiti);
• Chernigov (tonga);
• Mahileu (uru);
• Vitebsk ko Pskov (i roto i te raki).

whenua Faaapî

i te hou Smolensk kawanatanga āhua whitu nga pa. Ko te nui rawa o ratou: Roslavl, Smolensk, White, Vyazma, Dorogobuzh. Heoi, i roto i te 1713 i whakamararatia te kawanatanga, ka haere tona wahi nui ki te wahi porowini o te Riga Porowini.

I muri, i muri i kotahi tekau ma toru nga tau, kua wāhanga faaho'ihia mai te reira. Kei te tito te reira o rima rohe: Dorogobuzh, Belsky, Smolensk, Vyazma ko Roslavl.
Ahua muri (i roto i te 1775) ripeneta te kawanatanga i roto i Smolensk käwanatanga. Nā ki huringa rohe ko te whakaurunga o vahefonua hou e whitu: Kasplyanskogo, Elninskaya, Krasninsky, Gzhatsk, Sychevsky, Porechsky, Ruposovskogo. He tau torutoru i muri i puta ke Ruposovsky me Kasplinsky kauti ki Yukhnovsky me Duhovschinsky. Ko anake i roto i te 1796 käwanatanga whakahōputu ano i roto i te kawanatanga.

I roto i te wā i 1802 ki te 1918 i roto i te rārangi o Smolensk kawanatanga Kei roto ma rua rohe. nohoia te rohe iti Sychevsky - 2825 versts tapawha.

rohe rohe whakahaere o Smolensk kawanatanga:

• Yukhnovsky;
• Vyazemskij;
• Belsky;
• Gzhatskaya;
• Duhovschinsky;
• Elninskaya;
• Sychevsky;
• Dorogobuzh;
• Roslavlsky;
• Smolensk;
• Porechsky;
• Krasninsky.

rēhitatia 241 pāriha i roto i te mataeinaa, 4.130 hapori tuawhenua, me te e pā ana ki tetahi atu 14,000 ngā wāhi kapi ai. I tua atu, i te rohe o te kawanatanga i reira i waru whakataunga me 600 kainga. Ko te toenga o te whakataunga i ngā pāmu, kainga iti, pāmu. Te roa Smolensk kawanatanga i 340 rongoatia (kotahi versta te whakatau hou 1067 mita). ngā Ko tōna rohe o iti neke atu i te 49212 versts tapawha.

taupori

E ai ki te tatauranga 1897, ko te taupori o te kawanatanga o Smolensk te iti ake i te hawhe te miriona tangata. I roto i te pa ki te ōrau iti iho i te kotahi tekau o te taupori, e pā ana ki 121 mano tangata. I mua i te whakakāhoretanga o te serfdom i 1761, ka haere mai te tokomaha o serfs ki 70% o te taupori katoa.

a Smolensk kawanatanga te auau teitei o te tangata kore-free i roto i nga kawanatanga katoa o Tsarist Russia. I runga i te taata tetahi i runga i toharite kiia hoki e pā ana ki 60 mua. Na roto i te mutunga o te rau tau 19 i roto i te kawanatanga o Smolensk, i reira nga 13 monasteries, 763 hahi, me te kotahi hapori. minita ōrau ko 0.6% o te tapeke o te iwi noho. Smolensk kawanatanga rite te kōwae rohe kotahi mutu ki te tīariari i roto i 1929, a i mapi ona whenua ki te Western Region.

Ahumahi me te ahuwhenua i roto i te rohe

Kainga o Smolensk kawanatanga rongonui mō tanners mohio me kaiwhatu. Kei te nuinga noho Local mahi i roto i te ahuwhenua, purapura ngakia: rai, ōti, Buckwheat, witi. I roto i te Rostislavskom ngaki mataeinaa rai i roto i te rōrahi iti. I roto i te Vyazma ko Sychevsky kauti mahinga Hemp me te muka. i te kainga rohe Tesovo Sychevskii teihana lnovodnaya. Raranga me te miro-pōtaka mira kei roto i te kainga o Yartsevo Duhovschinskogo County. I roto i te Rostislavskom ngāue County māti me hiako production. horahia te reira i rite ko te hanga o te whakaitinga o ngā hua karaihe me hua ngahere. Bielsko - uku me te mahi pereki.

kawanatanga Smolensk rongonui mo ona māra. Te nuinga whai wāhi i roto i te māra o ngā momo rerekē o te aporo, paramu me te terise. Aporo e hokona i roto i Moscow. Otiia ko reira kore anake rongonui mo tona ahuwhenua Smolensk kawanatanga.

mataeinaa Smolensk

ko te tino Tuitui kapi tenei rohe i roto i te rite ki te tahi atu whenua. Ko te noho rohe i te nuinga hokohoko whanaunga ki nga Lithuanians. mataeinaa Roslavl whakahaere te nuinga mahi ahuwhenua.

Anake konei tupu Buckwheat, parei, me te rai. I hanga tuatahi te reira i Smolensk hapori agrarian mo te whanaketanga o te ahuwhenua. He nga warehouses o mīhini ahuwhenua me ngā. puritia te reira i introduction rawa hua ki te whakakapi i te parau parau. Ko te pu hangaia e rangatira rohe, e kore iho ki te paerewa wheketere.

Na roto i te 1880 954 wheketere me wheketere, te ngāue i Smolensk kawanatanga. Neke atu i te te tekau ma waru nga tau i muri mai, te maha o mira me wheketere nui haere e waru waeine. I roto i ngā, te whakawhanake tatou me te whakapai ake i te wheketere tīhi, i ko atu pea i roto i te rohe rāwhiti o te kawanatanga.

mutunga

I pā ana ki 1000 tau ki muri, ka reira mārama e kia te mahi whai hua o te kāwanatanga te wehenga ki wae whakahaere. Ko te tohutoro tuatahi rā hoki ki te X rau AD. wehea Princess Olga whenua Novgorod i te graveyards. I muri mai i roto i te rau tau XV, a Ivan Grozny te wehenga o te haurima rohe Novgorod. I te timatanga o te rau tau XVIII, whakaurua reira te ariā o nga kawanatanga, me te takiwā. riro ratou i te tauira o ngā rohe o tenei ra, me te rohe.