Taimaha rāpoi: te mauri o te tohu matū, tikanga o te faaotiraa

Ko te taimaha rāpoi te taimaha o te ngota katoa i roto i roto i te rāpoi ngota tēnā. Ua faaite tēnei tohu i roto i amu (Wae papatipu Atomic).

Ko te uara i ētahi wā matū tatau i roto i te kirokaramu. Ki tenei mutunga, kua whakanuia ai e 1.66057 * 10 ^-27. Tenei tau ko te 1 amu papatipu hāngai ki te 1/12 me momo ngota te taimaha o tetahi ngota ¹² C. I te nuinga o te wā, te whakamahi o te taimaha rāpoi, i te mea te ōwehenga taimaha rāpoi o te taimaha o tetahi wae ngota.

E tano ia tapao e ka tauturu i tenei ahua ki te tohu i te papatipu o te rāpoi ngota ki te kanoirite katoa e hanga te pūhui matū hāngai.

Ko te nui wae macroscopic o taonga, e kiia nei ko "mol" Ko tetahi maha tamau o matūriki - ngota ranei rāpoi, he irahiko katote ranei takirua. Tenei moni he 6.022 * nuku ²³ (pera-ka karanga Avogadro tamau). Ki te whiwhi te taimaha rāpoi, me whakanuia taimaha rāpoi i te maha, me te wehe i te reira i te hua o te aumou Avogadro me te papatipu o te kotahi wae ngota.

Ka rite ki whakaritea e te taimaha o te taonga rāpoi?

Ko te huarahi māmā ki te whakatau i tēnei tawhā ko ki te whakamahi i te tātai motuhake, kia rite ki nei he pūhui taimaha wehea e tona maha e tika ana.

Ki te matau ana tatou ki te tātai matū o te pūhui nei rāpoi taimaha te ngāwari whakaritea mā pūmotu, no te mea te reira, tohua tenei uara te hoki ia tūemi me tona tau raupapa e ōrite ana. Ko reira nui ki te kitea te moni o nga pauna rāpoi o nga wāhanga katoa o te hononga.

E ai ki te ture a Avogadro, i roto i te nui taua o haurehu roto te taua maha o matūriki rāpoi. I roto i te tirohanga o taua tauira i ahu Mendeleev-Clapeyron whārite. Ka taea te whakaritea papatipu rāpoi o te hau mā te whakamahi i te tātai. Hoki te tātai e hiahia ana koe ki te mohio i te rota o tohu - taimaha o te taonga, te tamau ao hau, te pāmahana i roto i Kelvin, me te pēhanga i roto i Pascals me te rōrahi i roto i m ^3. Nā ki tenei te maha o ngā hapa raraunga i roto i te tātaitanga o te iti, engari kia tuhia te reira e te whārite o Mendeleev-Clapeyron tika anake hoki matū haurehu waihā.

Ka taea te whakaritea i te taimaha o pūhui ahua rāpoi i spectrometry papatipu hau tūrara te whakamahi i taimaha hau Martin ranei. tatau te uara toharite o tenei taupū mō rauemi polymeric ki te tohu polymerization tiketike i hāngai i runga i to ratou āhuatanga rheological me ngā āhuatanga o ratou rongoā (hei tauira, pokey, ranei marama apuhau kaha).

Hei whakatau i te taimaha rāpoi?

whakamahia te uara ā-tau o tenei rahinga te ki te tautuhi i te ngā pūhui matū, me te ki te tāutu i nucleotides takitahi i roto i te taonga whakamātautau. Haunga te maha whakaritea te tohu matū i te tūhura, me te kōtuitui anō o pūhui macromolecular, ara whakawhirinaki āhuatanga i runga i tenei tawhā.