Tapehatanga: momo me ngā tikanga

E ai ki te Code Kirimina, tapehatanga o ngā tuhinga tikanga te hanga o ngā tuhinga titoa e tika ana ki te falsification o ngā tuhinga (te kōwhiringa ahumahi ranei wāhanga: puka, ngā mōhiohio pāpāho, waitohu, kuputuhi, pane, hiri). Na roto i te pā ana tenei ariā ki te falsification o nga āhuatanga takitahi (ture ki te huri i ētahi wāhanga o ngā tuhinga tūturu). tapehatanga, whakaratohia kawenga hoki nei e te Code Kirimina, ko reira he tikanga motuhake o mahi i te kino i te kino ranei.

A, no te tino pēnā tuhinga rūpahu e hua rite ki etahi tauira, e mahi kape rite tūturu. Ko te āhuatanga (ngā rerekētanga i te taketake) riro i roto i to ratou hanga, e taea ana ki te mohio ki te rūpahu. Ka taea te hanga tapehatanga Motunga e:

• tānga haavare o pane me kekeno, hainatanga;
• whakakapi wāhanga o te tuhinga (whārangi, whakapakoko), te faatitiaifaroraa i, overprinting, ngā kōrero atu, waikawa matū o te kuputuhi;
• erasures, e taea te mohio enei tohu e tikanga whare whakawā.

I roto i te tuhinga motuhake, kua whakaahuatia tapehatanga o ngā tuhinga, me ona āhuatanga e whai ake. A, no te erasures te whakamahi i tango pūkaha o te kuputuhi (te nuinga whiu, tau, takitahi pukapuka) na roto i te haro te ahanoa koi (mau, mata heu) ranei ūkui iniarapa. I roto i tenei pepa he whati te apa mata, a nekehia atu te wahi kuputuhi wā kotahi murua. Tohu o erasures ngā: toenga waikano whiu kuputuhi whiri mangumangu i roto i te kuputuhi hou, tono nei ki te wāhi murua, takahi o te mātiti papamuri, whakaiti huringa papa pepa matotoru puhirua i runga i te muka kahu mata.

kawea Haurapa te erasures tohu i roto i te tuhinga ako i roto i te marara, tuku, māramatanga matahao noa i roto i te hihi katinga me hihi pōkākā, te whakamahi i te karu, me te koropiko ki ngā multiplicities.

tapehatanga kawea waikawa matū i roto tauhohenga te Makere bleaching kuputuhi ranei matū (alkali, waikawa). I te taua matū pānga whakamate kore anake te kuputuhi, engari ano hoki i runga i nga wae o te tuhinga (te pepa mātiti muri). Ko te tohu o te waikawa matū e pā ana pepa huringa tae me te mātiti papamuri, whiu mata whawhati waituhi, fragility, te fragility o te pepa. tohu whakakitea o waikawa matū mā te whakamahi i te whārahi whakaaro optical, rama matahao, whiriwhiringa.

kawea Overprint ranei tuhipoka atu i te ringa i roto i ki te huri i te raraunga i roto i roto i te tuhinga. Ko te tikanga iti i roto i te rahi ratou, engari ka taea e tino whakarereketia te raraunga taketake. āhuatanga matua atu ngā kōrero: ngā rerekētanga i roto i ngā āhuatanga tūmataiti, me te noa rārangiraro (tapehatanga ki tohu mutu reta mutu, whakaroa o tereraa, whakaterenga ringaringa, te rahi reta). Tohu overprinting i runga i mīsini taipé: ōrite i roto i te tae rerekētanga hue me te rahi tauira tā.

Te ako, overprint, ngā kōrero atu kuputuhi kitea e whakanui ai i te whakaaro optical, te whakamahi i pōkākā, me te UV whiriwhiringa, mā te ako i te hanganga matū o ngā waikano.