Tātai Basic Ahupūngao rāpoi

Rāpoi Physics - he whānui peka o te ahupūngao e tuatapapa i te hanganga o te mea i te taumata rāpoi, te huri i te tawhā macroscopic o te pūnaha i raro i te mana o te taiao o waho, ngā whakawhitinga wāhanga. Ko te āhuatanga o waerau me wē tūhura hoki ahupūngao rāpoi. Tātai me ngā whakamāramatanga o tenei wāhanga, e ka e whai hua i roto i whakaoti i te raruraru te aroaro i roto i tenei tuhinga.

wāhanga ariā taketake

Rāpoi ngota - te wae iti o te taonga e kua katoa o ona āhuatanga.

He hau pai - hau mo e te kaha o te pāhekoheko intermolecular ko te kore, whakaaro te muingota te rite te wāhi rauemi, me therebetween whiu tino rapa. He maha ngā tātai o te ahupūngao rāpoi faaohipa i te reira i roto i te pā ana ki te hau pai.

Energy - he rahinga e faaite i te kaha o te pūnaha ki te mahi i te mahi.

Mahi - te nui o te pūngao whakawhiti ki te pūnaha i roto i te huringa o ona tawhā.

Ētahi atu ariā i roto i tenei wāhanga: pāmahana, ā- pūngao, pūngao moe, tūringiringi, waiariki kawe, nui o taonga, te wera motuhake, te whakaetonga, tōhau, whātioatanga, steam kukū.

tātai taketake

Tātai rāpoi Physics whakapumautia kōrero i waenganui i te ngā tawhā pūnaha. Ko te tātai matua o tenei wāhanga e pā ana Clapeyron whārite, e whakaahua ana i te āhua o te ture hau pai o Boyle, Charles me Gay-Lussac.

tuhituhi Clapeyron whārite te rite e whai ake nei:

Pv = NRT

Here p - pēhanga, n - nui o taonga i roto i kiore, R - tamau hau ao, T - pāmahana i roto i Kelvin, V - te rōrahi nohoia e te hau.

Mai i tenei tātai rāpoi Physics mā e whiwhi panoni ohie me ētahi atu ture āhua:

Pv = const (waihanga o te ture a Boyle, tono nei ki te tukanga isothermal);

V / T = const (ture tuatahi Gay-Lussac, e pā ana ki te tukanga isobaric);

p / T = const (Charles ture, tono ki te tukanga isochoric).

Ētahi atu tātai nui o te ahupūngao rāpoi:

n = m / M = N / Na (te tātai mō te te kimi i te nui o taonga).

p = nkT.

I roto i tenei tātai, n - kukū, k - tamau tamau Boltzmann.

E = (3NkT) / 2 (te tātai mō te te kimi i te pūngao ngāwhā).

p = p ₁ + p ₂ + ... + p _i (tātai mō te whakatau i te pēhanga o te ranunga o haurehu, e mohiotia ana ko te ture o Dalton).

Ko te tātai o thermodynamics me ahupūngao tauanga

Ko hoki ahupūngao Statistical te wāhanga o te ahupūngao rāpoi. Ētahi tātai ahupūngao rāpoi whakamahia i roto i te ahupūngao tauanga me thermodynamics e hoatu i runga ake.

Q = mc (t ₂ -t ₁₎

Q = A + (U2-U ₁₎ (U _i - pūngao ā-)

DH = sotia + Vdp

Here H - enthalpy.

G - Gibbs pūngao, pūmanawa thermodynamic ranei.

V = DG / DP

S = -dG / Dt (S - uara te piraunga tomo Clausius, mehua tūponotanga).