He aha te mea te pūngao Gibbs

whakaahuatia tukanga noa i roto i te tuwhera, me te pūnaha momo kati te i roto i ngā o paearu motuhake, e mohiotia ana ko te pūngao Gibbs. Ko reira te mahi o te kāwanatanga. DU Gibbs, mahi ki ngā pūnaha thermodynamic, whakahaere ki te kawe i te reira i roto i te te piraunga me enthalpy. Gibbs pūngao, i roto i ngā, hanga ana e ia taea ki te matapae i te ahunga o te rere o ngā tukanga koiora māhorahora me te arotake ratou kakama takahi noaa.

Ki te tono tatou i te Gibbs whakatau te rua ture thermodynamic, ka hei te waihanga te whai ake: te tamau (const) pēhanga me te pāmahana, kahore te pūnaha puaretanga waho taea tautoko rere noa anake ki taua tukanga, he hopearaa o e ko ki te whakaiti i te taumata pūngao Gibbs ki te uara e puta ina tae te reira ona on iti. Taurite tetahi pūnaha thermodynamic tikanga invariability o mea mana (iti). Na reira Gibbs pūngao ko te pea (enthalpy free) i roto i ngā pūnaha isobaric-isothermal. Kia whakamārama tatou te reira i tohua he aha iti. te tikanga hoatu āhua i te pumau pāmahana me te pēhanga e mo te huringa i muri he tika ki te whakapiki ake i te taumata o te pūngao, ka he taea tenei anake ka huri koe i tetahi āhuatanga o waho: Ko te take i ko tetahi o nga'oua tino nui o thermodynamics taurite tenei.

Reta ti'araa - G. numera rite ki te rerekētanga i waenganui i te enthalpy mohiotia me te uara o te pāmahana hua i runga i te te piraunga. E te taea te whakahuatia te pūngao Gibbs roto i te tātai e whai ake:

G = H - (S * t),

i reira S - te piraunga o te pūnaha; t - te pāmahana wera; H - enthalpy. ngā te piraunga o te pūnaha i te tātai i runga i roto i te tikanga tango ki ki pūkete te meka e te whakaiti tiketike pāmahana te āhua maau pūnaha (mate) me iti - i runga i te anga ke.

Mai e rua te pūngao Gibbs, hāwera, a - etahi o nga mahi pūnaha i roto i thermodynamics, na roto i te huri i te G ranei e taea te āhuatanga H e te panoni matū e puta ana. Ki te homai whārite tauhohenga me te huringa pūngao Gibbs, ka no reira ki te piha o te matūrewarau.

Ki te kia whakatakoto ai faatura ki tenei pūngao Ture Hess ki te pēhanga, me te tamau pāmahana, te hanga o ngā matū pūrākau o te tuatahi (kaiwhakahohe taketake) arata'i ki te meka i puta ke te pūngao i roto i te pūnaha te, te ahua puta tauhohe me ratou tokomaha i runga i te hua o kahore pānga.

Mai te tuku pūngao ki roto i te tuhinga, ko te rahinga tāupe, whakaurua te ariā o "pūngao Gibbs paerewa" i ki te mahi i ngā tātaitanga. Ko reira i roto i tetahi rārangi matū, numera rite ki te 298 kJ / mol tenei uara (mōhio e te taha, ko te taua rite mo tetahi atu titiwha pūngao). Tenei uara taea ki a koe te tātai i te huringa i roto i tata tetahi tukanga matū.

Ki te i roto i te akoranga o te tauhohenga matū, he mahi waho (mahi mahi te) tahuri i runga i te pūnaha, ka nga piki uara pūngao free Gibbs. E kīia taua tauhohe ki endergonic. Nä, ki te te pūnaha ano e mahi, expending pūngao, e korero tatou e pā ana ki ekzergonicheskih faaiteraa.

Kua kitea te ariā o te pūngao Gibbs whānui tono i roto i te matū hou. Hei tauira, e hāngai ana polymer te kōtuitanga i runga i te tauhohenga tua. I roto i taua ngā tukanga e ngā etahi matūriki ki tetahi, heke te uara te piraunga. I runga i te tātai Gibbs, e taea te tohe i te reira e kia he pānga waho (hei tauira, tiketike pāmahana) utu i te taua tauhohenga tua putawera, whakapumautia nei i roto i te mahi.