Tauira ōhanga Mixed: American, Japanese, Tiamana, me te Hainamana

Ia iwi hanga ona ake pūnaha ōhanga motu. Kei te ngana mana ki te hanga i te ōhanga whakataetae, me te ki te whakatutuki i herenga pāpori ki ona tangata. He tauira o te mākete, he ōhanga whakauru, i reira te mea he hōputu whakahau pono whakahaere o te wawaotanga kāwanatanga i roto i ngā tukanga ōhanga. He aha e nga āhuatanga o ia o ratou? Kia pehea te tino rerekē te mau parau tumu o te whanaketanga ōhanga i roto i nga whenua Western?

He aha e te tauira ohaoha

Ko te ōhanga o te ao mahi i raro i ngā tauira rerekē. Ko te paearu mō te whakatau i te āhuatanga o ia o ratou, rawa he rota. I roto i te hapori pūtaiao hou rongonui e rua - te puka matua o te mana o nga rauemi e à te whanaketanga ōhanga me te tikanga mō te ruruku o ngā hinonga ohaoha. I runga i enei paearu e rua, te tautuhi e rave rahi ngā rōpū o ngā tauira o te ōhanga. Tenei e ratou.

tauira ōhanga 1. whakahau

Āhuatanga e te predominance o kāwanatanga puka rawa ki ngā rauemi ohaoha. Ko te mahi o hinonga ohaoha e hāngai ana i runga i nga aronga whakahaere, me te whakahau i whakaputaina e te mana. huarahi matua e whakatau he aha ki te whakaputa i, me pehea ki te tuwha me i roto i te mea takere ki utu, hanga te kāwanatanga. i whakaaro ōhanga Whakahaua o te USSR. O nga whenua ngā, kua tenei tauira, rite ki etahi tohunga, Te Tai Tokerau Korea.

2. TAUIRA ECONOMIC

Āhuatanga e te meka e nga rauemi mo te wahi tino māngai i taonga tūmataiti, i te haere noa ki te whakaturia utu. E kore e te kāwanatanga pā i te tukanga ōhanga matua, me te e kore e whai wāhi mātātoa i roto i te tohatoha o tetahi rauemi.

3. Ko te tauira ōhanga whakauru

tohu nga kairangahau i taua i te mākete te tauira whakahau i roto i tona puka parakore tenei ra ranei, he onge. Heoi, wawao te kāwanatanga i roto i te mau ohipa o te mahi i roto i tata whenua katoa e kaha whakatairanga i te uara o te mākete noa. i reira ko te wahi, ahakoa te ture, engari he tonu tohu o te rāngai tūmataiti i roto i tahuri, ara i roto i Te Tai Tokerau Korea.

tauira Mixed ōhanga i tenei ra, kia rite ki ngā tohunga - te tino noa i roto i te ao. Ko te pātai anake, ko te pehea nui, me te aha te āhuatanga tūranga o te kāwanatanga i roto i te pūnaha ōhanga o te whenua kotahi. I tua atu, i roto i ētahi wā, he kore pera nui faufaa nui te tohu o te pokanoa kāwanatanga i roto i mau ohipa mahi rite te tikanga tōrangapū.

He aha te mea te ōhanga whakauru

I mua i te tūhura i te tauira o te ōhanga whakauru i roto i whenua rerekē, ako matou nga āhuatanga whānui o tenei ahua o ngā pūnaha ōhanga. He nui e ōrite te tūranga o te kāwanatanga me te rāngai tūmataiti - te paearu matua i konei. reira i roto i te ōwehenga rite o te taonga puka e rua ano. Heoi, ko te huarahi ōhanga taketake whakaritea tonu i te mākete. kīnaki hoki te āhua ratou i roto i ngā rerekētanga i roto i te ture ture.

He aha te te whaihuanga o te wawaotanga kāwanatanga i roto i te mākete mahi? He aha e kore kia mahi ki rewa noa? Ētahi economists ahua tenei ki te meka e raro mākete parakore reira ko te mōrea e ka waiho hapori whakaraerae he wahi nui o nga tangata, e kore e taea e kitea e ratou mahi. A ehara i te mea mo te painga o pakihi tūmataiti, he tokomaha o nei hiahia kiritaki whakarewa. e riro te reira i pai ki te whakarato ratou te tangata ki te moni (kia waiho reira hinonga kāwanatanga-fatuhia), a kei te whakawhānui i te mākete i te wa ano. He ko he putanga e mahi i roto i te ara ōrite te tauira Russian o te ōhanga whakauru. I roto i tona whenua, te whakarato mahi ki milioni o te iwi i roto i te rāngai tūmatanui, e kua iti ki te mahi ki mahi me te mākete noa, whakaongaonga ratou hoko mana, ai mahi, i roto i tahuri, i te "ma" pakihi, pērā i te tauhokohoko, kai nohopuku , tauhokohoko automotive.

Ko tētahi atu wāhi o te tirohanga e pā ana ki te tūranga o te kāwanatanga i roto i te ōhanga whakauru e hāngai ana i runga i ngā take utu free. Ko te take i he te tino natulá i roto i tona puka parakore te mākete. E rave rahi o ana kaitākaro kihai i taea e ki te whakaae i runga i te kaupapa here āhua i te āhuatanga o te hua i roto i te hoko utu, a ki te whakaatu ratou i taua kaupapa, he reira te tikanga mo te whakaaro o te collusion ki whakataetae, hua i roto i te pikinga whakatere (rite ko te take i roto i Russia i te tīmatanga o te 90 -x, a i roto i te maha atu whenua o te kimi huarahi hapori o mua). Ka rite ki te hua, rere te ōhanga ki te raruraru. Ko te āhua i roto i te wawaotanga ebara i roto i ngā mākete taea whakahaere i te akoranga o te utu, e ai te āwhina pikinga puhoi.

ariā Basic o ōhanga whakauru

Kia kite tatou he aha e te tauira taketake o te ōhanga whakauru, e hāngai ana i runga i to ratou natura taketake. Tohunga tautuhi te whai.

1. tauira Neoetatistskaya

Ko tōna āhuatanga matua - te Kōawa o ngā ahumahi matua, me te te pānga i runga i te mākete, kia ai te kaha o ngā kaitākaro takitahi i pā ana ki te taua. I roto i ētahi wā, ngā kaupapa here ōhanga ngā tikanga antitrust.

2. Ko te tauira neo-ohaoha

Āhuatanga e iti iho wawao a te kāwanatanga i roto i ngā mākete atu i roto i te tauira e neoetatistskom. Kei te ngana mana ki whakaawe te kounga o te mahi o ngā pūtahi ōhanga, engari e kore i roto i iho i te tukanga whakataetae. Heoi ano kia whakahaeretia wähanga antimonopoly - i roto i te tikanga ki te tiaki whakataetae noa.

3. Model mahi lelei mo

I roto i tona tūāpapa - te parau tumu o te imiraa i te ngātahitia i waenganui i nga kaitapere rerekē i roto i te tukanga ōhanga - pakihi, kāwanatanga, me te hapori (maha i roto i te mata o te hokohoko uniana). Āhuatanga e te takoha kaua teitei (te tikanga ki runga ake i roto i whenua e mahi tauira neoliberal) Kei te maha tātai rite ki te tauine whakamua. Ko te fâ hopea roa o te mana - te rironga o ngā rauemi ki te mau tonu i te taurite o te mana pāpori o tangata.

Ko te tauira tino noa o te ōhanga whakauru enei. Ko e mo'oni, rite tukanga te akoranga tūturu o te mahi kia rerekē ngā kaupapa matua i roto i te whenua ngā. tauira National o te ōhanga whakauru, rite ki ngā tohunga, ahu ki te whanake ki te urutau ki te mooni pāpori-tōrangapū, te taiao o waho, te whanaketanga hangarau, te putanga o ngā mākete hou.

Āhuatanga o te mahi o te ōhanga whakauru

Kia pehea te mahi i nga tikanga o te ōhanga whakauru, i roto i te mahi? Kia pehea te te te mahi o ngā pūnaha ōhanga o te whenua te wahi e whakamahia ratou? Tohunga, tango ki pūkete te meka e kia whai ngā te tauira motu o te ōhanga whakauru i roto i whenua rerekē whakaaro e kia tonu tapaea ētahi āhuatanga noa mo te pūnaha ohaoha o tenei momo. Ko te tino pūkenga mō te öhanga whakauru o whenua rerekē karanga nga tikanga e whai ake.

1. Ko te nuinga o ngā hua ahumahi hanga e te corporations nui, e, Heoi, whakataetae ki ia atu. Ko te kupu, ngā tukanga ohaoha, i runga i te ringa kotahi, e kore e horapa atu, i runga i te tahi atu - i reira he kahore heriheri, kahore kaitākaro o te mākete, e pai whakatakotoria ture mo te katoa. e kore e mana o taua hinonga i roto i te parau tumu faufaa - ara, ki te kore te mea he āhua, he mea mahi ahakoa haepapa ki te mana e tika ana ki herenga ki te utu takoha takoha ranei ki pūkete whakatā.

2. Kei te nuinga hapori hāngai te ture. Hei tauira, he kaimahi wheketere, rite ki te tikanga, koutou e taea e kore tonoa noa whakaiti i tona utu whakaritea ki taua rēhita i roto i te kirimana ranei. Ko te kupu, akiaki ana te ture te tiaki o te mana hoko o tangata.

3. Waeine High me haumaru o ngā tukanga utu, me te hunga e whakarato kirimana tiaki (te nuinga o te whanaketanga o te pūnaha ture). Ko te āhua i roto i tenei take e ki runga ki te wahi o te fafauraa ki te whakarite i te mahi pūmau o te mahi, tono, i roto i ngā, i runga i nga pareparenga o te tika tino i roto i te whakatinana i te ngā tukanga whakataunga. Ko te peka ture o te kāwanatanga, i tahuri, wakaae āwhina ki kaipakihi i whakatau i te mau fifi i roto i te mara ture. State me te pakihi Svoge haina te kirimana pāpori: whakarato te rōpū tuatahi haumaru i roto i te maha o tikanga matua mo kaipakihi, te tuarua, ko te ki "utu" hoki taua mea i roto i takoha me te mahi o tangata.

Ko enei āhuatanga e toru e āhuatanga, kia rite ki ngā tohunga, te tauira taketake katoa o te ōhanga whakauru, me nga rerekētanga taea katoa i waenganui ia ratou i roto i ngā o te whakatinanatanga o tikanga kaupapa here ōhanga motu kingi.

Kia pehea te i te ōhanga whakauru?

He meka ngā ko e te "ahu whakamua", rite ki ngā tohunga maha, ka puta te tauira mākete i mua i whakauru. Reira na tupu e i te timatanga o te rau tau rua tekau "mākete parakore" i roto i te puka o te moni, kahore raweketia kāwanatanga nui kihai i rite whai hua rite kaupapa tūmanakohia o whanaunga ōhanga. ka whakaritea te mākete i te mana. I roto i tenei ngana ki te afe mei te tauira, ka hoki mai ki te "mākete parakore" timata, rite maha tohunga whakapono, te take o te raruraru i roto i te US i te tīmatanga o te 30 o. Economists mōhio ana kia fakahu'unga tonu te mahi paetahi o te ōhanga i te wāhi nui o te kāwanatanga. Ko te kupu, ka puta mai te tauira whakauru o te hanganga ōhanga motu i roto i te 30-40s. I roto i te whawhai, he ahua rerekē e tika ana ki te hiahia ki te whakarato i taua tautoko rauemi nga kaupapa matua o States, engari i te mutunga o nga whenua Tuarua o te Ao Western timata ki te whakatinana i te mau parau tumu o te ōhanga whakauru kua kaha tino. tauira ōhanga o teie mahana i roto i enei whenua - te hua o te whakatinanatanga ahu whakamua o te mau parau tumu e whakarato he ngātahitia i waenganui i te whakapaipai tūmataiti me te tūmatanui.

ōhanga Mixed i roto i te US

Me pēhea te ki te mahi i roto i nga whenua rerekē, te tauira o te ōhanga whakauru? Kia whakaaro poto tatou i te āhuatanga e hāngai ana o te tauira o te mana tino kaha ōhanga. Kia tīmata a ki te United States. Ko te tauira American o te ōhanga whakauru, rite ki ngā tohunga maha, e āhuatanga e wawaotanga kāwanatanga iti i roto i ngā tukanga ōhanga. momo mahi o te taonga ko te tūranga āhua iti whakaritea ki tūmataiti. He wāhi nui i roto i te ōhanga US nui te whakapaipai kāwanatanga-kore, engari faaterehia tona aronga e te mana - i roto i te whakaputanga o nga ture e pā ana ki te pūrongo, herenga pāpori, utu o takoha me ētahi atu utu. kia kite i roto i te tuhaa o kirimana tūmatanui, te nuinga korero me te āhua pūtaiao te tūranga o te mana i roto i te ōhanga US. Ka rite ki mohiotia te, te hōia pūtea US - neke atu i te 500 piriona tāra.

He maha economists whakapono e te tauira US o te ōhanga whakauru e hāngai ana i whakaongaonga te rakahinonga tivira. I roto i te mahi, e taea te faaite tenei i roto i te iti o ōkawa mō te tīmata i te pakihi. Hoki, ngā rōpū tautoko pāpori, e kore e iti-moni Ameliká mehua o taua nui rite i roto i te maha atu whenua Western. hua kore mahi me painga e taea whakarato anake e te whakaritenga iti i raro i nga utu, i te hunga reira i roto i te United States. Na reira, tangata me te rapu ki te kitea i te mahi ratou ake mahi ranei.

ōhanga whakauru tauira i roto i Germany

āhuatanga te tauira Tiamana e te ōhanga whakauru? karanga Tohunga reira te āhuatanga matua rite te wa faaite takotoranga pāpori. A titore reira Tiamana i te Ameliká. Ko te taua hua i roto i te Germany whakarato i te paerewa tika o te ora. Kei te ngana mana Tiamana ki te hanga i te tikanga o te ōhanga, na ko e he ngātahitia i waenganui i ngā kaupapa matua pakihi me te hapori. I runga i te ringa kotahi, Me kamupene ki kia pai, whai wāhi ki te tupu o GDP me te whanaketanga ōhanga whānui. I te tahi atu - te tōkeke pāpori me te whakarite.

He nga āhuatanga e whai ake nei Tiamana tauira ōhanga whakauru.

Tuatahi, he mea he taiao whakataetae ataahua. Ia kaupapa i roto i te tukanga ohaoha, e hāngai ana i runga i te kaupapa here o te kāwanatanga German kia whai rite ngā whai wāhitanga ki te ite ratou pūmanawa pakihi,.

Tuarua, ko te tauira Tiamana o te ōhanga whakauru fakahu'unga he ataahua tohatoha o moni. Ka taea te faaite i tēnei rite i roto i te akiaki i pakihi ki te hanga i te rārangi tāke tautika i roto i te āhuatanga o te pūtea moni mo nga pou, a, hei tauira, i roto i te whai wāhitanga tika o te kāwanatanga i roto i te ararewa o te āhuatanga pāpori o te tangata e rerekē utua. I roto i ngā, i roto i te whakarato o ngā hua whare, tautoko, inihua, me te mātauranga.

tauira Japanese

Ko te tauira Japanese ko te tino motuhake o te ōhanga whakauru. Tuatahi o te katoa, kia tuhia te reira e te vai nei te tuku iho motu kaha, ko tona mana e taea te ata i roto i nga wahi maha o te tukanga ōhanga. Ko tenei te pū o te whakahaere hononga, me te tuarua, kua mau i te reira e te Institute o whakapapa i roto i te āhuatanga o te tikanga me te hinonga o te whiriwhiri i roto i nei ki te mahi. Ko tētahi atu āhuatanga e faaite te tauira Japanese o ōhanga whakauru - he nui atu korerotia atu, mea, i roto i te US, wawao a te kāwanatanga i roto i ngā tukanga ōhanga. Te nuinga kaha te whakahuatia te reira i roto i te tatararaa o te pere matua o te whanaketanga o te ōhanga motu, te mau parau tumu o te pāhekoheko ki ngā kaitākaro ke. He tūranga nui tō te e te pāpori tika taua i roto i te ōhanga Japanese.

Ko te ariā Swedish

A feruri i te mea te āhuatanga te tauira Swedish o te ōhanga whakauru. Tohunga whakapono e hanga i roto i te Sweden te hapori, i te mea tata ki taua o te mana'o hapori angamaheni. E whai Measures o te tautoko pūtea, me te rauemi tata kāwai katoa o tangata, ahakoa o te aroaro kore o mahi, tūranga matua, mahi ranei. He ara te wā "hapori Scandinavian". O te akoranga, i roto i te anga o tenei tauira, He he nui kawenga tāke pakihi te ōhanga.

Engari, Heoi, riro te reira kiritaki ki whai mana hoko nui, me te haumaru - i roto i te āhuatanga o utu pēke me mau tamataraa ataahua, he aha kua matou mea i runga, rārangi nga āhuatanga o "hononga pāpori" i waenganui i te kāwanatanga me te pakihi. Heoi, i roto i nga economists he o te whakaaro e te tauira Swedish o ōhanga whakauru he nui rawa "-pāpori" ine. He maha ngā kamupene riro uaua ki te mahi ki nga tikanga o te kawenga tāke mārō.

Ko te tauira Hainamana

Na, whakaaroa te te mākete pūnaha ōhanga whenua kominiusi. Me pehea Ko e taea ahakoa te meka e i roto i te USSR mea katoa i te mana e te kāwanatanga? Nahea te tauira Hainamana o te ōhanga whakauru?

Ko te mea, ko te e, mai te 70, ua faaoti te Pāti Communist o Haina ki te whakatuwhera i te ōhanga motu mō pūtea ke i roto i te tikanga ki te whakamahi i te pūmanawa hua nui o te whenua. i liberalized ratou nga ture e pā ana ki te whakatuwheratanga o manga o corporations ke. Ko te pūnaha tōrangapū, Heoi, e noho tonu. ngā tangata ke te cheapness o ngā rauemi tangata i roto i Haina, a he pai ki te haumi i roto i te ōhanga o te kāwanatanga hapori ratou, kua whakaritea e ki te whakatuwhera ano ki te mākete. Ka rite ki te hua, China tenei ra - tetahi o te ārahi mana ahumahi. I te wa ano, e tika ana ki te meka e kore kua puta ke te pūnaha tōrangapū, te mana PRC i te kaha ki te whakahau-whakahaere tikanga ki te whakamahi i tēnei rauemi rite kite ratou i pai. Hei tauira, te whakamahi i te reira ki te whakapai ake i te paerewa o te ora o tangata, ratou tiaki pāpori. I mohio inaianei e tohunga maha kahore he, tiketike rawa.

Me mahara hoki käore te reira e te faanahoraa o pakihi iti pai whakawhanakehia-China. whakatuwhera tokomaha Hainamana ahakoa iti, engari te putanga, wharekai, kamupene waka moni-whakaputa. Huri i te reira i roto i taua i raro i Communism i Haina i reira ko te moni tino whakawhanakehia.

Whakatauritea tauira

Whakamātauria ki "sioloto" te tauira i runga ake o te ōhanga whakauru. rite o ngā kaupapa here ā-motu kia titiro te tepu te tahi mea rite tenei. Aromatawai, o te akoranga, rawa whanaunga, engari ka waiho hei tirohanga whānui o te āhuatanga o te ōhanga o to tatou whenua.

Eaha te whakatau ka taea e tatou te utu? Ahakoa te meka e i roto i enei whenua katoa - he tauira o te ōhanga whakauru, whakaatu ana te tepu e taea te ata te rerekētanga i roto i te maha o ngā āhuatanga.