Tauwhāinga kūiti - Ko reira hoki te hanganga taua?

I roto i to tatou wa ki te kitea he whenua i roto i nei nga tikanga katoa o whakataetae parakore, he tino uaua. Tata nuinga katoa mākete e tetahi ranei he motuhake torutoru, e whai he mana i runga i tona whanaketanga atu, a kihai te mea mo te aroturuki tamau i tari kāwanatanga, whai wāhitanga ki te whai wāhi i roto i te mahi i roto i te mahi o nāianei e kia nui iti. Ko tētahi o nga momo tino noa o te whakataetae tia ore i teie mahana ko te tauwhāinga kūiti. Tenei ariā he tokomaha hoki tonu tonu nuinga ki, a pera kia titiro a ki reira i roto i te taipitopito atu.

Ko te whakamāramatanga

Tauwhāinga kūiti - Ko te puka mākete taua o tenei whakataetae ta'ehaohaoa, i reira i roto i te mākete i homai i reira he he rawa rōpū iti o kaihoko. Ko te hua i roto i to ratou tokomaha i te utu o hou rānei taea ranei tino uaua. I roto i te mau parau te tahi atu, he tauwhāinga kūiti - he ka taea te kiia kaihoko i runga i te maihao.

Tohumate me Types

Te tāutu i te āhuatanga e whai ake nei o te hanganga o te mākete :

• hua paerewa rerekëtanga ranei.
• He maha nui o kiritaki me te maha iti o ngā umanga.
• Ko te aroaro o kaha aukati tiaki ki te urunga o whakataetae taea.
• Ko te taupuhipuhinga o ngā umanga i ia atu, e ahua tauwhāiti te mana o utu.

He ko tetahi whakamāramatanga o tenei momo o te whakataetae, e te tata e pā ana ki te uara o te taupū Herfindahl. Na huaina ana e ia tohu e taea te whakamahi ki te ine i te tohu o monopolization o te mākete. Kei te tatau te reira i te whakamahi i te tātai:

HHI = S _{January ²} + S ₂ ² + ... + S _n ² te wahi

S - te ōrau o hoko o ia o nga umanga.

Ko tōna uara mōrahi ko 10,000 (heriheri parakore), ka iti te uara mōkito e te ōwehenga o 10,000 / n, i reira n - maha o kamupene i roto i te ahumahi (whakaratohia e te wahi o hoko o enei umanga e rite). Kei te whakapono te reira e te tauwhāinga kūiti - he mākete hoki e te uara o te taupū he nui atu i 2000. Mai i 1982, tenei taupū whai wāhi nui i roto i te ture "antitrust": i roto i te tahi mau ōwehenga ahumahi he neke atu i te 1000, ka tīmata te State ki te whakahaere i tetahi M & A umanga. I runga anō i te aha te huru o ngā hua e hanga i roto i te mākete, faaoti i te reira ki te tohatoha i te momo e whai ake nei o te tauwhāinga kūiti: parakore me rerekëtanga. I roto i te take tuatahi i hanga te hua paerewa kākahu (hei tauira, sima, konumohe, parahi), me te tuarua - te hua ngā o te taua taumahinga (hei tauira, cars, kāmera, potae). Cartel - tauwhāinga kūiti hoki. Tenei whakatakotoria ana o te tau iti o kamupene ki te faatura ki putanga me utu i roto i te tikanga ki te whakapiki ake i te taumata o hua. Ki te reira katoa huihui mai i te ahumahi, i roto i tenei take, kua whakatoatoa nei te reira rite te monopolist.

Tauwhāinga kūiti: tauira i te ora

Kei te miharo ētahi iwi: "He aha i roto i Russia taua taurewa utu" e whakatikaia Bankers i te mōrea tiketike, me te utu nui o te kohi moni. Ko te tino - te reira noa te smokescreen i muri nei te teitei (rite ki tau Pākehā) tawhē. te mana tetahi hawhe o te pūnaha pēke e ono pareparenga: Bank o Moscow, VTB 24, Rosselkhozbank, Gazprombank, Sberbank ko VTB. He he he take matarohia o te tauwhāinga kūiti, a tae noa ki raro i te parirau o te kāwanatanga. Ka rite ki te tahi atu tauira ko te mākete o te pāhihi rererangi ( "Airbus" "Boeing"), mākete motokā, taputapu te kāinga nui, me te pera i runga i. D.