Te kupukupu i roto i ngā tipu puta i roto i te pūtau o whēkau. I roto i te pūtau o tetahi okana o manawa puta i roto i te tipu?

Ko te pūnaha manawa whai wāhi, e tuku hāora ki te tinana. I roto i te tipu, he reira ōrite ki te kararehe. pumau tenei tukanga karaka. Te kupukupu i roto i ngā tipu puta i roto i ngā pūtau o whekau kei puta noa te mata o te rau, kakau me pakiaka. taunekeneke te reira i ngā pūtau tinana katoa. Ki te tupu tipu pūtau blockage, mutu te rere o te hauhā. I roto i tenei take kia mate i te whakato.

mōhiohio hītori

Ko te take i hua tipu hāora i roto i respiration, i tuhituhia i roto i mahi pūtaiao, AL Lavoisier. I roto i te 1773-1783 whakahaere ia ngā. Ko te hua o tona mahi, ko te kitea i roto i te parariraa, me te respiration mimiti nui o te hāora. tuku tenei hauhā me te wera.

I runga i tona mahi o pūtaiao kitea e te tahu i te manawa ngā matūkai i roto i te vivo. I muri mai, tonu Ya Jan Ingenhousz tenei mahi. Kua whakamatauria te reira i e i roto i te pouri, a ka horomia te rā e te hauhā me te hāora te kukuwhatanga. tikanga o tēnei e taea te otaota i roto i respiration tukatuka rite CO ₂ ko e _2, i runga i ranei he te marama i roto i te tukanga e kore whai wāhi ranei rānei.

rangahau e rite HF whakahaere Sheynbayn ko AN Bach. I te 1897 ka kitea ai te ariā o te piti hāora koiora. I roto i te taua tau mahi rite K. Engler aroaro. I roto i te 1955, O. Hayaishi ko GS Mason te whakamahi i ngā whakapumautia e te hāora ko te āhuatanga nui o te pūhui whaiwaro.

Pū o te manawa i roto i ngā tipu

i huaina manawa ko te tukanga ao. Kei te whakaaro te reira i te wāhi o kaiao ora katoa. Kei te te tikanga whakapono reira e te manawa o nga otaota e wahi i roto i te pūtau o okana me te kopa, i roto i nei puta utu hau. e pā ana te pūnaha taua te ki te ora, me te manawa whakamutunga - ki te mate o nga mea ora katoa.

He mea paihere whakakitenga o te ora ki te whakapaunga pūngao. I te wa ano i reira he he whanaketanga, uri, tupu, wehewehenga pūtau. Nuku ka whenumi ngā matūkai, te wai, me ngā tukanga kōtuitanga. Respiratory tipu he pūnaha maha-taumata matatini. tukanga oxidative haumi huri te hanganga matū o te pūhui whaiwaro.

tukupūngao pūkoro

Taua manawa Ko te tukanga oxidizing. whai wāhi te reira i te mimiti o te hāora, me ngā matūkai faufaa. Tuku o pūngao puta me te hanganga o metabolites kaha. E whakamahia Pūtau ki te hanga i te tukanga e tika ana o te ora. I roto i tenei take i te respiration i roto i ngā tipu puta i roto i te pūtau o whēkau me te tatau te whakamahi i te whārite katoa:

C6H12O6 + 602> 6S02 + 6N20 + 2875 kJ / kamiriona.

E kore te mea katoa te pūngao hua te tukua. Wāhanga o te pūngao putu i roto i te triphosphate adenosine. I muri ariā i runga i te membrane e hanga e o te rerekētanga o utu hiko. mua i te tītohunga taua e te rerekētanga o te nohanga o ngā katote hauwai e kua hanga e i rua taha o te membrane. Respiration me te kai tōtika o ngā tipu puta i te tikanga o te rōnaki iraoho. Ko ia te rauemi pūngao matua e hiahiatia ana mō te tukanga kikokore e puta ana i roto i te pūtau. E whakamahia taua tukanga i roto i te puta ariā, te nekehanga o te wai me te ngā matūkai. Ko te hanganga matū o te rerekētanga pea i waenganui i te taiao, me te cytoplasm. toreretanga te pūngao e kore i taea e e kohikohi i roto i te rōnaki iraoho kei rite te marama.

tukanga catalytic o respiration

mahi hāora o te substrates e whākōkī. E huaina ratou kaiwhakakökï pūmua. Whākōkī i etahi āhuatanga:

• lability tiketike rawa;
• nui ake mahi;
• pū tiketike mō ngā substrates.

Respiration me te tipu kai tōtika he ti'aturi i runga i te takotoranga mokowā o e rerekē i raro i te mana o ngā āhuatanga roto, o waho. Puta i te reira ture o te pākia e. Ki etahi irahiko ariā tikanga e pā ana o piti hāora. Ngā momo o ngā tauhohenga piti hāora:

• utu te irahiko;
• rironga hāora;
• withdrawal hauwai;
• ahua hydrated pūhui;
• iraoho withdrawal, me te rua irahiko.

e pā ana kaihoko piti hāora te ki te faaho'iraa mai o te acceptor. E whakaaro taua whākōkī ki hei oxidoreductases. Ko te kupu i reira ko te momotunga o nga iraoho me ngā irahiko. Ratou e acceptor. hanga te whākōkī te tauhohenga whakawhiti. Taua tukanga ngā tukupūngao takohe me te hāorakore.

tukupūngao ā hā

pā pūnaha manawa pērā ki te tukanga oxidative. A, no te absorbs te kupukupu te tipu hauhā, te kupu tuku hāora. decomposes te tïpako ki inorganic matū pūngao. Ko te substrates matua mō te tipu respiration he warowaihā. I tua atu ki a ratou, kia poto supply o pūmua me te ngako.

Taua manawa tā rua kaupae matua:

1. Hāora-free tukanga. He puta i te pirau puhoi māmālie o substrates, te tuku o ngā ngota hauwai me te tukanga hononga ngā hoa.
2. tukanga hāora. Here i reira ko te wāhinga muri o ngota hauwai. haere ratou i te tïpako romahā me āta oxidized. Ko te hua ko te whakawhiti o irahiko ki te hāora.

tukupūngao hāorakore

tipu te kupukupu tonu taua puta i te tikanga o microorganisms ora i runga i te tipu ngā pūtau. Hei oxidize matū kore ratou e whakamahi hāora rāpoi. Me ratou tote o hauota, waikawa carbonic me pungatara, e ka tahuri ki tukanga roa te pūhui ora ake. tutuki ana te pūngao e hiahiatia ana e te wāhinga o rāpoi organic matatini i te kuware tino. Ko te acceptor irahiko whakamutunga whakaaro pākawa waro, pūkawa me pūhau. tote nitric, waikawa pungatara me te waikawa carbonic e tahuri ki te whakaiti pūhui.

Ko te pūnaha pakiaka

He wāhi o te pakiaka tipu kei te kupukupu tonu. Hoki te tupu kaha o otaota e hiahiatia rangi hou e haere mai ana ki te pūnaha pakiaka. whakamana taua respiration te mā te hāora i honotanga roto i kōputaputa nui.

A, no te supersaturated noncapillary porosity i roto i nga ua roa te taikaha o makuku i roto i te oneone kohua ranei te ki te houku. I roto i tenei wā, kei te faaruru i te pūnaha pakiaka asphyxia. Ētahi momo o te tipu ka taea e manawa i roto i te hāora rewa i roto i te makuku. A, no te me kia huri tenei rere o te wai e rere ana ranei. A, no te kahore e whiwhi stagnation o pakiaka makuku o otaota te hāora e tika ana.

I roto i ngā āhuatanga whaitake i roto i te kupukupu tipu absorbs te hauhā. Ko te aratau whakaroau, e kore e taea e arahi te reira i te utu hau tonu. Tupu pōturi iho tino. I roto i te pā ana ki te hauota taumata hāora iti e 21%. Te whakamutu i te whakamahi o ngā rauemi kohuke o te oneone. Ko te tipu hopu te rangi e haere mai ana i te utu o rau, aukati me te kiri o te tipu.

Meaning romahā

Te kupukupu i roto i ngā tipu puta i roto i ngā pūtau me okana ko te tukanga pūkoro nui. Ko te pūngao tukua e te ka poto te kupukupu te i runga i te tipu me te mahi o otaota.

tipu respiration whakaritea ki te ahotakakame. Ko te tukanga haere i roto i te maha o ngā wāhanga. I ngā wāhanga takawaenga e hanga e e ngā pūhui matū waro. E whakamahia ratou i roto i tauhohe pūkoro. Ēnei ngā pentoses me ngā waikawa organic e kua hanga e i roto i te pirau o te manawa. Na reira, whakaaro manawa te ki te waiho i te puna o metabolites.

whakaaro pūnaha romahā te ritenga pūngao kaiwhakarato NADPH me ATP. ka kupukupu hua Plants hāora. I roto i tenei tukanga, te māngai o te tipu, i hanga te wai te. A, no te whakato maroketanga tiaki reira i te reira i te whakangaromanga.

I te tahi taime e taea te whakahokia mai te kupukupu pūngao rite te wera. I roto i tenei take, ka hua te tukanga manawa i roto i te whakapaunga tikanga o te mea maroke. tukanga respiration nui ake hoki te tipu ake he kore i roto i te wā katoa, he pai.