Te pukorokoro me bronchi: mahi me mate

Hei homai i te tinana ki ngā matūkai, Me matou kai. e kore e taea te mahi hoki matou kahore he wai, mai neke atu i te hawhe hanga ake o tenei wai faufaa. Ko nga mea katoa atu ko Me hāora, e e matou pūnaha romahā i te rangi i te tinana tangata. I roto i taua tauturu i kaha te pukorokoro me bronchi.

Ki te he uaua uru rangi, ka ki te tiki i te nui e hiahiatia ana o te hāora mo te respiration, pūnaha romahā , tahi ki te ngakau timata ki te mahi. Ko atu taa, te pūnaha romahā tangata e taea te urutau ki ngā āhuatanga taiao.

Ko te faufaa o te pūnaha romahā

whakauaua taea te piriponotanga te tūranga o te pūnaha romahā. Te aha tatou e nehenehe e mohio mai te haapiiraa koiora, ina exhale koe kia whakakahoretia tatou o te hauhā CO _2. A, no te folo koe ki te pūkahukahu mai hāora, whakahekea nei o ratou e te pūnaha circulatory ki te kopa katoa o nga whekau. Ko te kupu, kawea utu hau i roto. Te riroraa i okiokinga, pau tatou 0.3 rita ia meneti o te hāora, reira hanga he nui etahi o CO ₂ me he reira iti i roto i te tinana.

I roto i te rongoā, i reira te mea he wā i huaina te huawehe romahā, e whakaata te ōwehenga o te nui o te hauhā e ko roto o te tinana ki te nui tomo te pukorokoro me te hāora bronchi. I raro i ngā āhuatanga noa, te ōwehenga he 0.9. Kei te pupuri i te reira i tenei toenga ko te mahi matua e rave i te pūnaha romahā o te tangata.

Ko te hanganga o te pūnaha romahā

pūnaha Respiratory Ko te matatini e ngā o te wāhanga e whai ake nei:

• nasal;
• sinuses paranasal;
• paeoro;
• pukorokoro;
• bronchi;
• pūkahukahu.

Hei mahino pai pehea ki te whakawhanake i tētahi mate ngā tūturu i roto i te pūnaha romahā, he mea e tika ana ki te mārama me pēhea te e etahi o ona wāhanga whakaritea.

ako hoki he aha te tūranga tākaro ratou i roto i to tatou tinana. Anake te titiro i te tātaritanga o te bronchi me te pukorokoro, rite he ratou maha e pängia ana ki te huringa pathological.

pukorokoro

Ko takawaenga i waenganui i te paeoro me te bronchi te pukorokoro. Na te pukorokoro, me bronchi whai he hanganga noa, me te titiro rite te ngongo. Anake te roa tuatahi ko e pā ana ki 12-15 cm me te diameter o e pā ana ki 1.5-1.8 cm, engari ki te tau kia paku puta ke ai reira. I roto i te rerekē ki te pūkahukahu he tinana unpaired. Ko te tinana tika ngāwari tenei, kia rite ki māngai e te pūhui o 8-20 mowhiti o ngohe.

Kei waenganui i te ono o te pekehoe waha, me te rima o te pekehoe rei. Ko te wahi o raro o te manga pukorokoro ki rua takere matua, engari tapers paku te aroaro o te wehenga. Tenei bifurcation i roto i te reo hauora ko tona ingoa - i te bifurcation. Tenei rohe kua he rota o receptors tairongo. E tano ia tapao e kua te pukorokoro he paku papatahi āhua, ki te ki te arotahi i te mua hoki. Hoki tenei take, tona ripeka-wāhanga o āhua i te torutoru mitamano ki runga ake i te tawhā sagittal.

Haere tonu whakaaro o te pukorokoro (bronchi a ka rite kia whakaahuatia), ko reira ia tapao e te tihi o te ngongo tracheal tukunga pātata te repe thyroid, a atu ai i muri i te pū kai. Rārangi te tinana mucosa, āhuatanga nei i te te kaha ki te momi. Hoki tenei take, he maimoatanga pai i te inhalation. Ano, kua kapi katoa i te reira ki te kiko uaua-cartilaginous, e kua he hanganga kaiota.

taputapu arahau

Mai i te wāhi ataata o te tirohanga, he rite ki te rakau te bronchi, tika me te mea ka huripokitia e. Ka rite ki te marama, kua takirua hoki reira okana, i hanga nei e te wehenga o te pukorokoro ki e rua korere, e ko te bronchi matua.

te, i roto i te tahuri, e tahuri iho ia ngongo ki manga iti e haere ki nga wahi rerekē o te pūkahukahu me hea. I roto i tenei take, ko te iti rerekē i te maui te tinana matau: ko reira he iti nui, engari poto me he whakaritenga poutū atu korerotia. E rave rahi o te tracheal me arahau mate e pā ana ki airway mumura.

He te hanganga katoa te ingoa kano - te rakau arahau, te hanganga o nei, i roto i te tua ki te ngōrahi matua, ngā he maha o manga:

• e rite ana;
• segmental;
• subsegmentary;
• bronchioles (lobular, kāpeka me romahā).

kōaro te kātua o tenei rakau te iho pukorokoro, i nei e rua ngōrahi matua (matau, me te maui) haere. O ratou he tika ngongo paku iti, a i roto i te pukapuka matau e toru o ratou, a i roto i te maui - tika rua. E wehea ēnei ngongo ano ki iti bronchi segmental me, i roto i te mutunga, mutu katoa bronchioles. Ko te iti rawa ia 1 mm ratou diameter. I nga pito o te muri e iti vesicles pera ka karanga, ka karanga alveoli, te wahi, i roto i te meka, i reira ko te utu o te hauhā mō te hāora.

He aha te mea ngā, pukorokoro, bronchi, pūkahukahu ahua rerekē o te hanganga (ahakoa he rite nga tinana tuatahi e rua). E marae taiepa arahau hanganga o ngohe, e ārai ratou hukihuki noa.

E kapi katoa bronchi roto ki mucosa ki epithelium ciliated. powered te hanganga rakau katoa e mā te pera arahau ahu i te haoraora rei, me ona rere i roto i nga taikiri me manga karere.

Taumahinga pukorokoro romahā me bronchi

Ko te mahi o te pukorokoro me bronchi he kore noa ki te whakarite utu hau tika i roto i te pūkahukahu, me he multilateral. Hei tauira, te ngongo ngāwari i roto i te tinana te mahi rite te resonator, mai haere te rangi i roto i te taura waiata. Ko te kupu, whai wāhi te pukorokoro e i roto i te hanganga o te reo. Ko te bronchi, e taea e ki te whakangaro, ka e haamou i te tahi mau matū paitini e te hunga kino ki to tatou tinana ratou.

I tua atu, paeoro mucous, pukorokoro, bronchi hipoki ki te epithelium ciliated e kei ngä makawe iti. whakahaua ratou kaupapa e ki te korokoro, me te mangai. Reira i roto i te repe mucosal te huna hoki he ngaro motuhake nei i roto i te whakapā ki te tinana ke tonu karapoti reira me roto i te kaupapa ciliary whakatairanga te mutunga te kōhao-waha. Whiwhi i te tinana nui ke Reflexively ai maremare.

Ko, te nuinga taa, te rangi e haere ana i roto i te pukorokoro me bronchi, he wera ki te pāmahana e hiahiatia ana, me te riro mākū. E whai wāhi taikiri i roto i te bronchi i roto i ngā tukanga ārai nui i roto i te tinana.

huringa pathological i roto i te pūnaha romahā

E mea pinepine tracheal mate arahau puta i roto i te puka o te mumura o te mucosa ranei. Ka taea e ratou puta e rua i roto i whakapeka, me i roto i te puka ma'i. Ki te whakaaro ki te āhua o te mumura, e taea e te reira:

• catarrhal;
• fibrinous;
• purulent;
• e pirau.

Tūkinotanga o tracheal mahi , me korere arahau tikanga te hinga o te bronchi pukorokoro ranei. I roto i tenei take, ki te whakaaro tatou te tuatahi, ka karanga te huringa i roto i te bronchi nui te makrobronhit me bronchioles - mikrobronhit bronchiolitis ranei. Etahi o nga pathologies tino noa ngā huangō me te tracheitis - mumura o te pukorokoro.

mate o te pukorokoro

Ko te maha o te tracheal stenosis tomo mate, fistulas me wera ngāwhā. I roto i te nuinga o te wā, tracheitis, Kei te whānui i tohaina, kia neke ai ki tetahi atu māuiuitanga - Bronchitis, i roto i nei take e mohiotia ai rite tracheobronchitis. te mea kinokore māuiuitanga, engari ka taea e muri kia pōauautanga nui. Na reira, ko te pai e kore e ki te whakaroa maimoatanga o te mate.

Tracheitis, i roto i ngā take onge, puta rite te mate motuhake (faaiteraa tuatahi), atu maha ko reira te putanga o tetahi mate kore-ora o te pūnaha romahā (faaiteraa tuarua). Ka taea e tupu i roto i tetahi tangata, ahakoa o tau me te ira tangata. Nuinga o ngā wā i raro i riri ko nga pūkahukahu, bronchi, pukorokoro, paeoro tamariki hoki ratou pūnaha ārai mate he ngoikore rawa ki te mahi tika ki etahi tuma.

He maha ngā momo:

• tāhapa;
• mau tonu;
• hopuhopu;
• kore-hopuhopu;
• whakauru.

I roto i tenei take, kia kia viral, fungal kitakita ranei te āhua hopuhopu o te mate.

Diseases o nga bronchi

take toutou Ko te hinga o te Bronchitis bronchi, i te mea ano hoki utu te whakahua. korerotia māuiuitanga mumura o nga taiepa ngongo romahā. pea te take o te mate āhuatanga rerekē, e ai ngā:

• Ko te aroaro o te huakita huaketo ranei.
• o te whakamahi o ngā hua tupeka te wā roa.
• Susceptibility ki te pānga o allergens.
• Pānga o ngā matū matū paitini ranei.

Ko te kupu, kia te mate o te momo e whai ake:

• kitakita;
• viral;
• matū;
• harore;
• pāwera.

Na reira ko te reira tino nui e te tākuta i runga i te pūtake o te hua o te akoranga pinpointed te momo o te mate o nga bronchi, pukorokoro. Ka rite ki ki tetahi mate, faaite Bronchitis ano i roto i ngā puka whakapeka, me te ma'i.

Ko te puka whakapeka o rerenga ki tiketike pāmahana, aru i te mare mākū maroke ranei. Fele, ki te maimoatanga tika e wahi i roto i te torutoru ra. I roto i ētahi wā, e te reira e rave rahi marama. E mea pinepine whakarōpūtia rite Bronchitis whakapeka catarrhal mate ranei. Ka rite ki te tikanga, e kore e mutu te reira ki tetahi hopearaa.

Ko te puka ma'i o te Bronchitis taea muri mo te maha o nga tau. I roto i tenei take, he reira te mare manawanui, me nga tau i reira e whakapeka, neke atu i te kotahi marama tonu.

Ko te mea matua - ki te hoatu whakarongo tika ki te atamira whakapeka o te mate, kia e kore te mea haere i roto i te puka ma'i. e kore e rongo auroa ki te mate i runga i te tinana e haere hia a taea arahi ki matatini, hopearaa tina heke hoki romahā katoa.

maimoatanga

Tei runga i te tātaritanga (Bronchitis, tracheitis), te āhua o te mate tupu, whakaritea te mōrea o ia te exacerbation maimoatanga tika. Whakaaro i te taea o mehemea e taea meinga te mumura tracheal exacerbation nui o korere arahau, e kore ranei, whakatau te rata ki te kōrero i te manawanui ki te hōhipera, e taea te tukinotia reira i te kāinga ranei.

Ko te therapy ngā te huinga whānui o mehua, i roto i te tua ki rongoā, me te ngā i te maha o te therapy tinana: i mahana me te inhalation ki romiromitia me mahi.