Theory o u'i rohe: te whakamārama o te take mai o ngā ahurea rerekē

He maha philosopho ārahi me hītori kua rapu whakamārama o te whanaketanga taketake o rohe takitahi, whenua, ahurea, me te tangata kia rite ki te katoa. Tenei take aivanaa hiahia pērā i Oswald Spengler, te Schubart, H. Danilevky, F. Notelopi, me ētahi atu. Kei te mahi i te ariā tino māngai me ngā o ngā ahurea civilizational Toynbee. Kei te whānui whakaaro tona ariā o u'i rohe te macrosociology faahiahia.

Tona rangahau, i whakaturia e ia i runga i te whakapae e te mau ahanoa o ako kia sosaieti, e whai whānuitanga nui nui i roto i whanganga wāhi me te ora i te mau iwi-āhua. he hapori taua - te ƒcivilisation≈ rohe.

He ahurea ao i reira e neke atu i te 20. Ko ētahi o ēnei he Western Siu Russian, Siu Byzantine, tawhito, Indian, Arabic, Sumerian, Hainamana, Ihipiana, o'Anitesí, Mexican, Hiti, me te tahi atu u'i. hāngai hoki Toynbee i rima "kua mate" me wha u'i e noho i roto i te whanaketanga - momadicheskaya, Eskimo, Spartan ko Ottoman. fifili ahau he aha kei te whanake ētahi ahurea hihiri, ētahi atu i mutu i roto i te whanaketanga o te wāhanga wawe o tona oraraa.

e kore e taea te faataa i te takenga o u'i i te mana o ngā āhuatanga takitahi pērā i te taiao matawhenua, te paearu iwi, fakaaoao ranei tikanga pai, me te aroaro i roto i te hapori o te tokoiti auaha. Ko te ariā o u'i rohe tohe e anake te rōpū te wahi i reira he tokomaha o enei āhuatanga ngā ki whanake i roto i te ahurea civilizational. Hapori te wahi e kore e wātea i enei tikanga, noho i runga i te taumata dotsivilizatsionnom. Hei tauira, āhua hoki te taiao taea e maka tonu te wero ki te hapori mā te hanga raruraru e hiahia ana ki te taa, me te mahi ki te whakamahi o ngā kaha auaha. ora ana tēnei hapori i runga i te parau tumu o te karanga-hoki, me te he tonu i roto i te nekehanga, no te mea e matau ana kahore okiokinga ia. Na reira, i te reira pae hopea e hanga he ahurea o te ao.

Ko te ariā o u'i rohe ta taua aamu o te taata mohio a te rite te hītori noa o ngā ahurea rohe o te ao e haere ana i te whanautanga o - ata - te heke - te ngaro. He ahurei Ia o ratou. Tohu o te ao - ko te karihi auaha huri noa i hanga e momo taketake o te ora i te pae varua me te whakahaere ōhanga, pāpori me te tōrangapū.

Ka taea e tetahi ahurea ao rohe whakaputa atu. Hei tauira, kua arahina Ancient Greece ki te putanga o te uru, Russian Siu me hou ahurea Siu Kariki. Ki te te ngaro ao tona matua ahurea, me te auaha, arata'i te reira ki tona mate. Ko taea Culture rite te roa rite āta taea te whakautu ki ngā wero waho e whakawehi tona oraraa rawa.

Ko te ariā o u'i rohe karanga Toynbee ki whakarere i te "zapadnotsentristskih" whakaaro, me te mutu whakaaro ahurea e e hano ki te hapori Western me kore e pai ki tona tirohanga, "ki muri" ranei "whakarihariha".