Tihonov Nikolay Semenovich: biography, whakaahua

Tihonov Nikolay Semenovich, kua hono ki rotarota Soviet, hoatu ki te mahi o te whare taonga e kore anake tona ora, engari ano hoki tona ahua nei haurongo. te hopoia pā reira fakaangá Literary ki te "taumata tohanga tuarua" o kaitito Russian, i te rohipehe e tona ake reo, he rota o angitu auaha me viretu.

Childhood me te Whānau

Whiringa 22, 1896 i roto i te St Petersburg whanau ko Nikolai Tikhonov, whakaahuatia he haurongo poto i roto i te kupu kotahi: "Ko e Poet", a ko reira ki te reta whakapaipai. Ko tōna takenga he i roto i kore ara tomu'a fakatātaa'i te kōwhiringa o taua ara i roto i te heke mai. ka puta ia i roto i te utuafare e tino māmā, me te haehaa. Ko tona papa he kaiheu ohie, me tona whaea, - he tuitui. moni whānau ko neke atu i tano, e papaki ana nui moni mo nga hiahia tika. noho ratou i roto i runga i Morskaya Street, te wahi kotahi i reira ko Pushkin ko Herzen te whare rongonui. Otiia i roto i Tikhonov ko reira te whare mo te rawakore: ruma pouri iti, karahīni rama, he āhuatanga pouri. Ko te huru i roto i i tupu ake te rohi pehe heke mai, kihai i whai i tetahi ara ki te hanganga o te aroha o te toi. Ngā mātua mooni kohia nga patene ki te hoatu i te tamariki i te iti rawa i te mātauranga iti.

ako

Tihonov Nikolay ako ana whakaritea takitahi lau ka tuhituhi i roto i whitu nga tau. Na ka kitea e toku matua he ara, a tonoa te tamaiti ki te ako i roto i te kura tūmatanui i runga i Post Office Street. Ia aroha ki te pānui i, rawa faaieie i tona hītori me te matawhenua. Na ka ko ia taea ki te haere tonu tona mātauranga i te kura Trade, engari i te 15 tau i ia ki te waiho i te reira rite te whānau i roto i te hiahia pau o te tauturu, a ka i ia ki te haere ki te mahi. More ki te ako ia ki te hoki mai kore tupu. I roto i ko whaiaro-whakaako meka Tikhonov, unuhia ana e ia i tona mohio i pukapuka, ko reira he mahi ātahu e pā ana ki nga whenua tawhiti, me mahi mātātoa arahina ia ki te tihi o te mahi tuhituhi.

timata o te ara

I muri i te kura nui, haere Nicholas ki te mahi rite te karaipi i roto i te whakahaere ōhanga o te moana. I tau 19, ka haere ia ki te mahi hōia, e toru nga tau i mahi ai ia i roto i nga Hussars, whai wāhi te rohi pehe i roto i te whawhai o te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao. I roto i te 1918, i muri i te Oketopa Revolution Tikhonov piri nga rarangi o te Army Whero, i roto i toru nga tau o te parururaa i te tika o te āhua Soviet hou.

Tona tuatahi whiti e Nikolai Tikhonov tuhituhi te atatu rawa, i tau 18 titoa e ia mahi te tuatahi. puta tona whakaputanga tuatahi ka ko ia 22 tau. I te tau 1922, i demobilized Nicholas i te ope, me te hanga i te whakatau nō ki te riro i te kaituhi. I roto i tenei wa hono ia te Five and Seven au tuhituhi, riro he rōpū ki te rōpū "Serapion Brothers" tahi ki taua kaituhi rite Kaverin, Zoshchenko, Fedin, Slonimsky. I roto i te wā o Tikhonov te kaha te awe acmeism me Gumilev.

tau o te angitu

I roto i te tīmatanga o te 1920, Nikolai Tikhonov, kei te maha ite te whakaahua i roto i te press Soviet, ko te rōpū o kaitito pūmanawa, me te rawa rongonui. kaikauwhau i ia te maau "Sami" kohikohinga "Horde" me "Braga". Tona "Ballad o whao" mo'oni matau pepeha me ngā kōrero. Mai haere te mutunga o 20-doma Tikhonov te rota, tae mai ia te Caucasus, Ukraine, Peraruhia, Uzbekistan ko Turkmenistan. hanga e ia hoa ki tokomaha o nga kaitito o te lepupilika fraternal me i roto i tenei wā he rota o whakamāoritanga o Georgian, Dagestan, Peraruhia, Uzbek, lyrics Ukrainian hanga. I te tau 1935 ka tonoa e ia ki a France ki te Congress, "I roto i Paruru o te ao." Ka rite ki te rohi pehe kua kaha tautoko te raina o te rōpū, me te kāwanatanga, te whakahaere ia ki te whakaputa i te rota, haere, korero i roto i te iwi whānui. I roto i te 1939, tuhia ano Tikhonov i te ope, uru ia i roto i te Russian-Finnish War rite te kaituhi i te whawhai me te ētita o "Te Wawao ia te motherland". I roto i te Tama'i II o te Ao mahi ia i roto i te Whakahaere Tōrangapū o te Leningrad mua. I roto i tenei wa i tuhituhi e ia he rota o te whiti, me te tuhi, me te nūpepa.

te wā kaumātua

I muri i te whawhai, Nikolai Tikhonov, he punake ki te tangata whenua no Roma kanapa, homai ake kaha ki te mahi pāpori. Mai 1949, ahu ia te Komiti te rangimarie Soviet, a ka te Kaunihera rangimarie Ao. I tenei wa, hanga ana e ia he rota o te haere ke mo Europe me China. Mai 1944, mahi tiamana o te Union o Soviet Writers, a ka tomo ki nga rarangi teitei o te kaiārahi o te uniana hokohoko. Mai 1946, i runga i nga tau ko ia kawana o te Hupirimi Soviet o te RSFSR, Moscow Soviet. Tuhi i roto i tenei wā, Tikhonov he wa iti rawa iho pakanga kai ki nga hoariri o te raina Party. I roto i te 1947, i whai wāhi ia i roto i te pakanga ki cosmopolitanism, faaino i te pukapuka "Pushkin ko Ao Literature". Ina e te arearea hui, Congresses me mahi e ake tona wa katoa, izzhivaya reira punake.

tuku iho whiti

Tihonov Nikolay Semenovich, tona haurongo E āta hono ana ki te mana Soviet, mahue kore he tino taonga, engari ngā tuku iho whiti. I roto i tona tueke neke atu i te 10 whiti, te rongonui tino o e he "ratou" me "Expression". Kua hanga e ia 10 kohikohinga o rotarota manatārua. Ko te nui tino ko te "tekau ma rua patere", "Braga" me "Kōruru o te hoa." Ko te mahi o te tekau tau whakamutunga i peitatia rawa Māoritanga, e nui heke ratou kătahi me uara toi. Kua tonu kua he ïa i rawe ki tona rotarota, te ngākau tivira faaite mārama me whai hua ratou. I muri i te whawhai, whiriwhiri ia te kaupapa matua o tana mahi - ko te ora me ngā wheako o te tangata noa tenei. Te hoia, tama a te tangata toutai, he tangata ahu whenua - rapu i te pehe ki te korero ki e pā ana ki to ratou mau mana'o o te aroha mo te motherland, te mōhiotanga o no ki te whakatūnga o te kāwanatanga nui o te mana o te iwi, me te tika.

te tuhi Tikhonov

I tua atu ki te rotarota, i tuhituhi e ia Tihonov Nikolay te rota o te tuhi, me he teitei ki te mana o tona kupu mo te taranata etahi kōrero poto me te tuhinga. Tona tuhi - te hoki tino ki moe tamarikitanga, me mau mana'o. Na, ko te kōrero "Vamberi" parau e pā ana ki te haerenga o Orientalist me haere. Etahi o ana kōrero me pūrākau rite Rudyard Kipling. whangai ana Tikhonov ki te kōrero e pā ana ki ētahi atu whenua, e pā ana ki te whawhai mo te tika, na ana mahi he taua kaha nui mātauranga i, a maha tai'o i roto i ngā kura. I roto i tona ora whakaputaina e whitu kohikohinga o ngā kōrero poto me pakimaero, ko te nui tino "Fakapapau i te kohu," "Ko te kōrero Leningrad", "Rainbow Double". I roto i te tekau tau whakamutunga tuhituhi Tikhonov haamana'oraa, mai ratou i roto i roto i te pukapuka "Te Kaituhi me te tau" i roto i te 1972. O nui moni ko tona kainga tupu kairīpoata. Works o te wā whawhai, haere tuhinga i roto i te pukapuka "iwi mohoao" parau o te itoito o te iwi noa, ki te hinga ratou i roto i te ingoa o whakaaro.

Tohu me ngā whakatutukitanga

Tihonov Nikolay i toutou tuhia e te Kawanatanga o te USSR mo tona mahi tāmau whenua. Ko ia anake te tangata e, anake LI i whakawhiwhia Brezhnev te Lenin paraihe me te International Lenin paraihe "mo te rongo i waenganui i nga iwi." I 1966, ko ia riro te kaituhi tuatahi te taitara hōnore o Hero o-pāpori Reipa. E toru nga wa i whakawhiwhia e ia te Stalin paraihe, ko ia e toru nga wa whakawhiwhia ki Order o Lenin, Order o te Banner Whero o te Oketopa Revolution, Pakanga II o te Ao, te Reipa Whero Ihowanihi. Ko hoki Nikolai Semenovich te kaiwhiwhi o tohu maha, tae atu te ao, e rua riro te State paraihe.

tūnga tūmatanui

kua Nikolay Semenovich Tihonov ora katoa kua he kaikorero waha o te mana Soviet. takaro ia mo ona mana'o i roto i tona lyrics, me te ngā turanga tūmatanui. tautoko ia te aho rōpū i roto i te pakanga ki cosmopolitanism, engari kihai i tautoko i te reira i te whakapae ki a Akhmatova ko Zoshchenko, a utua hoki reira te peresideniraa o te Union o Writers. Otiia i roto i te 1973 ko ia i roto i te tahi atu kaituhi hainatia he reta e tautoko ana i te whakapae ki a Sakharov me ngā mahi anti-Soviet o Solzhenitsyn.

ora whaiaro

Nikolai Tikhonov, nei haurongo kua mohiotia piki auaha me ngā heke morare, i ora ai te ora tino whai, whakahaere ki te karo i nga matenga maha he e tatari te tahi atu kaitito i te ara ki te tuhinga. i kaha ki te haere i roto i wha pakanga, engari e kore e kia tino whara ia. I ia hoa ki maha kaituhi o to tatou wa, ara i muri i taea e haere mai tonu te ingoa kino o tona whare M.Zoshchenko ka kitea te moni hoa. hoa pono o te rohi pehe ko Mariya Konstantinovna Nesluhovskaya. ko ia he toi mō nga tau maha mahi i roto i te whare tapere karetao. a Wife te mana kaha i runga i te whanaketanga o Tikhonov, i roto i te meka, i mahi ia i roto i tona whanaketanga me te mātauranga, e kore i taea te tiki ia. noho tahi te rua mo te neke atu i te 50 tau. e kore tamariki i te tokorua. I roto i te 1975, ka mate a Maria Konstantinovna, a mahue ko Nikolai wha nga tau i Semenovich. tanumia te rohi pehe e i roto i te urupā i Peredelkino. Kei te ingoa te reira i muri i te huarahi i roto i Makhachkala.