Mikhail Zoshchenko: te ora, auahatanga. Stories mō ngā tamariki

Zoshchenko Mikhail Mikhailovich, te kaituhi Russian rongonui me te kaituhi, i whanau i roto i te 1894, Hōngongoi 29 (kia rite ki te tahi mau puna, i te 1895), St Petersburg. Ko tona papa he toi haereere, me tona whaea - he kaitapere wahine. Tuatahi ka kōrero tatou e pā ana ki te āhua o reira ko te ora o te kaituhi, Mikhail Zoshchenko. Biography whakaratohia raro whakaahua ana te ngā matua o tona ora. Kōrero e pā ana ki a ratou, tahuri tatou ki te whakaahuatanga o Mikhail Mikhailovich.

Mātauranga i roto i te hākinakina me te i roto i te St. Petersburg Institute

Ngā mātua i roto i te 1903, ka hoatu e tana tama ki te ako i te tau kura St. Petersburg 8. Michael Zoshchenko, tona haurongo taea te anō tae atu i runga i te pūtake o ana haamana'oraa ake me mahi, korero e pā ana ki aua tau, tuhia e ako ia tino kino, rawa i roto i te reo Rusia. Hoki tuhituhi te whakamātautau, ka ia kotahi. Heoi, notes Mikhail e hiahia ki te waiho i te kaituhi noa i taua wa. Heoi anake hoki ia te hanga Mikhail Zoshchenko kōrero me rotarota.

Life ētahi wā ihoa. Timata tito i iwa nga tau, te kaituhi rongonui heke mai - te laggard te nuinga i roto i te ākonga te piha haapiiraa o te reo Russian! Tatauranga mō whakaaro reira ke ki a ia. Zoschenko Mihail Mihaylovich tuhipoka e i tenei wa tae noa hiahia ki te mahi i te whakamomori. Heoi, kei te rongoa te whakarau o reira.

I muri i tu'ite i roto i te tau 1913, ka haere te kaituhi heke mai i runga i ki te ako i roto i St Petersburg University, Manga Ture. I muri i te tau o te utu-kore o utu akoranga, i peia ia i reira. a Zoshchenko ki te haere ki te mahi. timata ia te mahi i runga i te kaiwhakahaere ara rerewhenua Caucasian.

pakanga

I haukotia te ora ngā i te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao. faaoti Michael ki haina i roto i te hōia. Tuatahi ka ia haina te tauira, a haere ana ki a Pavlovsk Military School, ka puta i te wha-marama akoranga kaha, ka haere ki te mua.

tuhia Zoshchenko i ia kahore whakaaro tāmau whenua, ia tika i taea e kore noho roa i roto i te wahi kotahi. I te mahi, Heoi, piro Mikhail. Ko ia he whai wāhi i roto i whawhai maha, i kāhi ia, whara. Ka anga ki te whai wāhi i roto i whawhai ki te ana'iraa o te kara, Zoshchenko kua i tonoa atu rangatira ki te rahui (te take - te pānga o te hau paihana). I tua atu, i whakawhiwhia ia ki te 4 mētara mō te Kaiaka Military.

Hoki ki mua

Mikhail, hoki ana ki a mua, ka tutaki ki a vv-Kerbits Kerbitskoy, tana wahine he kaha'ú. I muri whakaritea te Hui-tanguru Revolution Zoshchenko i upoko o te waea, me te mēra, me te rangatira o te Main Post Office. Next ko te haerenga ki Arkhangelsk, mahi āpiha taituarā ropu tinei, me te te whiriwhiringa o Mikhail Mikhailovich hekeretari marae hoia.

Ko te mahi i roto i te Army Whero

Heoi, haukotia ano te ora nonga kei te - tenei wa i te revolution me te pakanga kaiākiri muri. ka tono tangata Mikhail Mikhailovich ki te mua. Ka rite ki te tūao, tomo ia te Army Whero (i roto i te Hānuere 1919). tavini te reira rite te āpiha hoia o te hoia o te rawakore tuawhenua. whai wāhi Zoshchenko i te whawhai o Narva ki Yamburg me Bulak-Balakhovich. I muri i te whakaeke ngakau, a Mikhail Mikhailovich ki demobilize ka hoki mai ki a mua.

Zoshchenko i roto i te wā i te tau 1918 ki te 1921 i whakakapi e te tini o ngā mahi. I muri, ka tuhituhi ia i tamata ia tona ringa i pā ana ki 10-12 ringarehe. mahi ia he pirihimana, me kāmura, me tiaa, me te māngai o te Kirimina Investigation Tari.

Life i roto i nga tau te rongo

Kaituhi i Hānuere 1920, ora te mate o te whaea. Ko te tau taua ki tona faaipoiporaa ngā Kerbits-Kerbitskoy. Me taua mea, neke ia ki runga ki te huarahi. B. Zelenin. whanau te Zoschenko tama Valery whānau i roto i Haratua 1922. Mikhail Mikhailovich i roto i te tau 1930, tuaruatia tahi ki te rōpū o ngā kaituhi ki te hanga kaipuke Paratiki.

I roto i te Tama'i II o te Ao

Mikhail Zoshchenko i te timatanga o te whawhai i tuhituhi te tauākī i roto i ai ka ui ia ki ki whakauru ia i roto i te Army Whero. Heoi, kua whakakahore reira - kua mohio te reira rite ere mō te whawhai. Zoshchenko whai ki te kawe e kore e he mahi anti-Fascist i runga i te parekura. Hangaia e te reira i te anti-whawhai tuhinga Sapphire me te whakaputa ia ratou i roto i te niupepa, unga ki te Radio. I roto i 1941, i roto i Oketopa, whakatahia ia ki a Alama-Ata, me te marama i muri mai ka e ia he kaimahi o "Mosfilm", mahi i roto i te tari taiwhanga tauari.

whakatoi

Zoshchenko i roto i 1943 karanga ki Moscow. I reira whakaekea ia ki te tango i te tūranga o "Crocodile" ētita. Heoi, Mikhail kahore te tuku. Otiia, ko ia he mema o te poari ētita o "Crocodile". Waho, pai titiro katoa. Otiia i muri i te i runga i te matenga o Mikhail timata piki ki takaete te kapua: kua nekehia ai i te poari ētita, he panaia i hotels, tangohia o raa kai. Tonu e fakatangá. Tikhonov N. S. i runga i te plenum ssp noa patua Zoshchenko kōrero "I mua Sunrise." Kaituhi whakaritea kore tā, engari whakaurua tonu i roto i te tau 1946 e te poari ētita o "whetu."

August 14, 1946 - te apotheosis o ona koropiko me hohoko katoa. Reira ka rau te whakatau o te Komiti Central o te CPSU (b) o te hautaka "Leningrad" me "Star". I muri i taua Zoshchenko peia i te Writers 'Union, me te tangohia o kāri kai. I tenei wa ko te take mo te whakaeke rawa iti - kōrero o te tamariki i huaina Zoshchenko "Te Adventures o te makimaki." makasini, whare katoa te whakaputa me te whare i muri i te ture e tumâ te kirimana mutu e ratou mua, tono ki hoki nga moni utua. fakatamaki Family Zoschenko. Kei te takoha ia ki te ora i runga i te puta i te hoko o te moni taonga whaiaro. tamata te kaituhi ki te hanga i te hūmeka rōpū. kāri raa ia te mutunga hoki. I tua atu, whakaputa Michael Zoshchenko kōrero me pūhohe (kore tino katoa). Heoi, ki te hanga he tika te ora i tenei wa i roto i te mahi translation matua.

te whakahaere Mikhail Zoshchenko ki ora anake i roto i te Writers 'Union i muri i te matenga o Stalin. puta te kaupapa nui o Hune 23, 1953 - te kaituhi anō-uru ki te Union. Heoi, e kore ko te mutunga tenei. Mikhail Mikhailovich muri poto tenei wa ki te noho i te mema.

Mei 5, 1954 ko te hui nō. Anna Akhmatova, a ka karangatia e ia ki roto i te Whare o te kaituhi, i mahara ki te whai i te hui ki te rōpū o ngā ākonga reo Ingarihi tenei ra. Kaituhi runga reira kī nuitia ratou tautohenga ki te whakapae whakarewahia ki a ia. He wāhanga hou o te inonotitanga mai i muri i tenei. Kua pāngia enei raru katoa tona hauora te kore. Published Mahuru 7, 1953 tuhinga "maka atu te meka te pono" ko te kakau witi whakamutunga. ingoa o te kaituhi ka e kore whakahuatia. Mō rua nga marama roa te reira te warewaretanga. Heoi, Mikhail Mikhailovich i Whiringa tuku mahi tahi e rua makasini - "maramataka Leningrad" me "Crocodile". He rōpū katoa o kaituhi e whakatika ki tona korero: Chukovsky, Kaverin, Rā Ivanov, Tikhonov. I roto i 1957, i roto i Hakihea, tukua ia "kōrero Tīpakohia me pūrākau 1923-1956 gg.". Heoi, kei te whiwhi kino te āhua tinana me te hinengaro o te kaituhituhi. He heke koi i roto i ana mana e haere ki te puna 1958 Zoshchenko ngaro moni i roto i te ora.

mate Zoschenko

Hōngongoi 22, 1958 ka mate Mikhail Zoshchenko. Ahakoa i muri te mate i waiho i raro tona tinana ki te ingoa kino: kihai i hoatu ai whakaaetanga ki te tanu ia ia i roto i Leningrad. Ko te pungarehu o te kaituhi takoto i roto i Sestroretsk.

Mikhail Zoshchenko kōrero nei te ora i oti rawa ki te wahi tuatahi o tenei tuhinga, mahue he kainga tupu auaha nui. Tona ara rite te kaituhi kihai i ohie. whakahere tatou ki te kia maheni ki pehea tipu tona iku'anga auaha. I tua atu, ka ako koe te mea i hanga kōrero Michael Zoshchenko mō ngā tamariki, me te aha e ratou āhuatanga.

ara auaha

kaha tīmata Zoshchenko tuhituhi i muri i demobilized ia i roto i 1919. Ana ngā tuatahi i tuhinga tuhituhi-tino. puta te "Petersburg Almanac" tona kōrero tuatahi i roto i 1921.

teina Serapion

Ko te rōpū i huaina "Serapion Brothers" arahina Zoshchenko i 1921 te hiahia ki te riro i te kaituhi ngaio. Tenei rōpū o huru tūpato o te faaino, Heoi, kī atu e roto ratou Zoshchenko - "te kaha tino" ahua. mahi Mikhail Slonimsky ki te hautanga pokapū, piri nei ki ngā whakapono e kia ako i te whakarerenga iho Russian - Lermontov, Gogol, Pushkin. wehi Zoshchenko i roto i te tuhinga "faaho'iraa mai pai," ta Alexander poraka "Knight o te Fofongá pouri" a whakanohoia ana tumanako i roto i te tuhinga he te pathos hautoa. I roto i "Alcon" i roto i te Mei 1922, ka haere mai te maramataka Serapions tuatahi, i whakaputaina he kōrero e Mikhail Mikhailovich. He "Stories Nazar Ilyich, Mr. Bluebelly" - he pukapuka e meinga tona whakaputanga motuhake tuatahi.

Āhuatanga o te auahatanga wawe

i nga korero i roto i nga mahi wawe o Zoshchenko kura A. P. Chehova. Tenei, hei tauira, ngā pūrākau pēnei i "wahine Fish", "War", "Love" me etahi atu. Heoi, ia hohoro kapea reira. whakaaro maiorooro ki nga hiahia o te kaipānui hou he puka nui o ngā kōrero poto o Chekhov Zoshchenko. Ua hinaaro ia ki te tākaro i roto i te reo "ara wetereo ... iwi." whakaaro Zoshchenko ahau he tangata e whakakapi poto te kaituhi proletarian.

He rōpū nui o kaituhi i roto i te tau 1927 i hanga he whakapuakanga ngā. I roto i tona tūranga tuhituhi me te rerehua hou i kitea. ko Zoshchenko roto i te hunga e haina reira. whakaputaina e ia i tenei wa i roto i hautaka (te nuinga i roto i te Sapphire moheni "laughers", "Hippo", "e warea ana," "Buzoter", "Amanita", "Kaititiro General" me etahi atu.). Heoi, ka haere pai kore nga mea katoa. No te mea o te kōrero poto "te kōrero kino" M.Zoshchenko whakapae "tōrangapū kino" i murua i roto i Pipiri 1927 o te hautaka tau "Hippo". Ina e kawea ana e ia i roto i te toremi o tenei momo o ngā tānga. I roto i Leningrad i roto i 1930 i katia me "Kaitirotiro", te muri he makasini Sapphire. Heoi, kihai i Mikhail hoatu ki runga, ka whakatau ki te haere tonu ki te mahi.

E rua ngā taha o te rongo

Mai i te moheni "Crocodile" collaborates ia mai 1932. I tenei wa, Mikhail Zoshchenko kohia ano rauemi mo tona pūrākau ui "Te Hoki o tamarikitanga", me te mau papai ako i roto i te rongoa, psychoanalysis me te whaiaroaro. E kua pai te mohiotia ana mahi, ara i roto i te Te Hau-ā-uru. Heoi, ko te rongo o tenei he paku. I roto i te Tiamana i roto i te tau 1933, pukapuka Zoshchenko wāhi i roto i te runga ki autos Blacklist tūmatanui o Hitler.

mahi hou

I roto i te USSR, i te wa ano e tāngia ai, ka whakanohoia ki runga ki te pukuhohe atamira Michael Zoshchenko "Heritage Cultural". "Book Blue", tetahi o te rongonui tino o ana pukapuka, whakaputa timata i roto i 1934. I tua atu ki pūrākau, ngā kōrero poto, me te whakaari Zoshchenko tuhituhi hoki pūhohe me pūrākau hītori ( "Taras Shevchenko", "Kerensky", "utu," "Black Prince", me ētahi atu). I tua atu, hanga reira kōrero mō ngā tamariki ( "Animals Smart", "mama ruau Gift", "rakau Kirihimete", me ētahi atu).

Zoshchenko kōrero o ngā tamariki

Kua tuhituhia Mikhail Zoshchenko kōrero a maha tamariki. i whakaputaina ratou i roto i te wā i te tau 1937 ki te 1945. O enei, etahi he mahi takitahi, ētahi i piri i roto i huringa. Porohita "Lola me Minka" pai te rongonui nui.

I roto i te 1939 - 1940. hanga Mikhail Zoshchenko tenei raupapa o mahi. whai Ko tōna hanganga nga kōrero ngā: "kupu Golden," "haere nui", "Kimihia", "E toru tekau nga tau," "Kaua e teka", "galoshes me ice cream," "Gift o mama'u", "rakau Kirihimete". Ehara i na roto i te whai wāhi ki te whakakotahi i a ratou i roto i te huringa kotahi, Mikhail Zoshchenko. He putanga haapoto o enei hua arata'i ki te mutunga e whai ratou te tahi mea i roto i te noa, ara nga whakapakoko o te pūāhua matua. Ko te he iti Minka ko Lola, tona tuahine.

Ko te kōrero i te mata o te kaikōrero. he kahore iti ngā atu nga marohirohi o kōrero Mihaila Zoschenko tona whakapakoko. Ko te pakeke e mahara wāhanga haapiiraa, me te kōmeke i tona tamarikitanga tenei. Kia mōhio e waenganui i te kaituhi me te kaikōrero whai faitatau (ara ko te taua te ingoa, a ki reira he he tohu o te tikanga o te kaituhituhi). Tae noa te tāpiritanga oti e kore otiia e tae. te kaikōrero te mea tino rerekē i te kaituhi. huaina ana tēnei puka ko te korero kōrero tuhituhi. Ko ia tino hāngai i roto i te tuhinga o te Soviet Union 20-30-doma. I tenei wa, ko te tikanga katoa rerekē keno mō te tamataraa stylistic me te wetereo.

I roto i enei kōrero, rite tuhia e S. Ya. Marshak, te kaituhi kore anake huna morare. korero ia o taua mea ki te mahara katoa i roto i te kuputuhi, me ētahi wā i roto i te taitara o mahi ( "Kaua e teka"). Heoi, e kore e nga kōrero o tenei hei Makiri. Ratou whakakatakata whakaora, ohorere tonu, a ngā nui, tūturu Zoshchenko. I te ngakau o te katakata ohorere o Mikhail Mikhailovich ko te parody atamai.

I teie mahana, ko te tino maha nga mahi e i tuhituhia e Mikhail Zoshchenko. e i roto i te kura, kei te aroha e ratou ana pukapuka e tamariki me ngā pakeke. Ko te ara kihai i faingofua tona tuhinga, rite, te mea, me o maha atu ngā kaituhi me kaitito o te wā Soviet te whakarau. Rua tekau Century - he wā uaua i roto i te aamu, engari i roto i nga tau whawhai noa i reira kua maha nga mahi e kua riro Talafungani o tuhinga Russian. Haurongo o te kaituhi nui Mikhail Zoshchenko, he whakarāpopototanga o to tatou tumanako, kia koutou moni i roto i tona mahi.