Serapion Brothers: hītori me ngā whakaahua

I muri i te takaí Oketopa me tanguru e kua tohatoha he whenua nui i roto i te huarahi i te ritenga, ka anga te pua tere o ngā momo katoa o te ao hōu i roto i te toi i roto i Russia. Literary rōpū "Serapion Brothers" ko poto-ora, Heoi, i mahue tona tohu i roto i te aamu o te tuhinga, me te i roto i te ora whaiaro o ia o ona ngā mema. Ko te taupae o "Serapion" noho tahi ratou tae noa ki te mutunga o nga ra. I roto i te tīmatanga o nga 1920, ko reira tetahi o nga feohi tuhituhi tino rongonui, i ko ona rarangi pērā kaituhi rite Mikhail Zoshchenko, Veniamin Kaverin, Lev Luntz, Vsevolod Ivanov, Mikhail Slonimsky. Numinumi i runga i te pae, te taitama tuhi Soviet me hohoro tahuna, "Serapion Brothers" i ano ki te whakamarama huarahi hou o maha atu kaituhi.

prehistory

I roto i te 1919, ka hanga te whare whakaputa "World Literature" ko Literary Translation Studio. Maoro, Heoi,, ka timata te hui o te iwi taitamariki nei i haere mai ki te ako i tēnei toi ki te kia atu whānui. Te kōrero e pā ana ki tuhinga, te pūkenga o te kaituhi, me te ngako o te toi, ko te ihirangi matua o te whakaminenga. Maoro, ae whakaputaia ketia ana ratou ki studio tuhituhi. Ko te initiator o tona whakahaere ko Nikolai Gumilyov, a tangohia ana whakahaere mo Chukovski. Andrey Bely, N. Zamyatin, Chukovsky, Gumilev, i whakahaere Shklovsky i hui hui me kauwhau. Ko te maha o kau muimui shirilos me i roto i 1920 ko 350 te iwi. Writers, i ko tata i roto i te studio, wehea a hanga te rōpū "Serapion Brothers". tohe nga ngā mema o tenei rōpū e kore e ratou i te kura tuhituhinga, engari te hapori anake o fakaangá, kaituhi me kaitito, hono e whakaaro noa i runga i te ihirangi o te toi.

Poetics ingoa feohi tuhituhi

Ki te kore te mea he pukapuka o ngā kōrero poto "Serapion Brothers" (Hoffmann), e hoki te wa roa e takoto ana i runga i te tepu o te kaiwhakaputa, kia rerekē ai te ingoa o te Commonwealth o kaituhi taitamariki. Heoi, ka tahuri te reira i roto i ki te hei i roto i te rangi ki te parau tumu matua o te rōpū. I roto i te pukapuka Hoffmann kei roto 22 kōrero, parau te aamu o te rōpū o hoa te whakaminenga i muri i te wehenga roa. Ko tētahi o ratou parau o tona farereiraa ki te Kaute haurangi, e whakapono i roto i te āhua halá o mooni. Kore o mooni, tiaki auahatanga noa te ao e hanga ake te whakaaro taketake o tenei mahi, ko reira te pai āhuatanga nga wawata o te taitamariki kaituhi.

Ko wai e nga kaituhi? "Brothers Serapion": rārangi o ngā kaiuru

i muri tata tonu tona hanganga fariiraa i roto i te rōpū tuhi o ngā mema hou, mutu. Ko te tuatahi - me te rārangi whakamutunga o kaiuru i tahuti ore kua i roto i te whakaahua i roto i te tau 1921. hiri ia Lev Luntz, Nikolai Nikitin, Mikhail Slonimsky, Ilya Gruzdev, Konstantin Fedin, Vsevolod Ivanov, Mikhail Zoshchenko, Veniamin Kaverin, Elizabeth Polonskaya, Nikolai Tikhonov. Tata i roto i te raupapa i tangohia e ratou ki te rōpū. Ko roto i te kaiuru me te Viktora Shklovskogo ētahi kairangahau, ara ahakoa i mahara iho ia i tona mahi i waho te mana o tetahi hononga.

Ko te ihirangi o te hui Serapions

Literary rōpū wahi "Serapion Brothers" o ratou hui ki te whiriwhiri i te ruma Slonimsky. Tona whakapakoko ara ka he tohu o te rōpū. whakaae fakaangá Literary e tangohia e te hui wahi i runga i Rāhoroi, ahakoa i roto i te vairaa mau i taea te whakatau kaitautoko me tetahi atu ra o te wiki. I te hui, te tai'o nei tatou i te mahi o nga mema o o te rōpū, e ka kōrerohia i roto i te taipitopito me te uaua. Tohe Writers e pā ana ki toi, whakaaro huarahi hou o te whanaketanga o te tuhinga. Ka taea e koe te mana'o i wera, me te aronganui nga kōrero.

maramataka putanga

Ko te Serapions kohinga tahi anake tukua i roto i te tau 1922. I tukua e ia i roto i Russia, a muri i roto i Berlin, i kō atu e Tuhinga I. Gruzdev "mata me te kanohi." i mua ara te tuku o te anthology o mahi i te mau melo o te "Serapion Brothers" i mohiotia pai i roto i ngā porowhita tuhituhi. I roto i to ratou e faahinaaro i titiro Gorky, i te mea kitea i tona reta ki Shklovsky. Ko ia anaanatae i roto i te tuku o ngā hua hou, ka hoatu ratou e tohu tiketike rawa.

I nui ake te reira i tutakina Tynyanov. I roto i tona tuhinga "teina Serapion. Almanac »ahau whakaahua ana ia te kohinga rite te taahiraa matamua unsteadily, te wahi e kore he kōrero tino oti (a kore tonu te mahi i te mahi pai) reira. Advocate o "mārama ataahua" M. Kuzmin kau ano Oia i pahono e pā ana ki tenei anthology, te tuhi kōrero e te kē Serapions 1920 tawhito i roto i te tau 1922.

teina i tapaina a

I te tīmatanga, rite kaha te hui "Serapion Brothers" te whakaminenga o te "Society o te iwi unknown Arzamas", whakakotahi kaituhi porowhita o Pushkin. Mai i reira, kua te whakaaro i tapaina a arearea i tangohia, i nga hoki ngā kaituhi mo te ora. Etahi o ratou faahiti Vladimir Posner i roto i te pukapuka ki a A. M. Remizovu. i tapaina a I. Gruzdev "te taea'e Abbot," Nikitin - "teina canonarch" LA Luntz - "kaiwhakatangi teina", B. Posner - "teina", Shklovsky - ". teina-kaiwhana" Te kore i tapaina a ko Zamyatin, Zoshchenko ko N. Chukovsky. maha ka haere mai nga hui Akhmatova, Boris Annenkov, AI Odoyevtseva me ētahi atu. whai wāhi hoki rātou i roto i te kōrero me ngā tautohetohe, ahakoa kahore i roto i te rōpū. I tua atu, i reira i hoki "Institute serapionovskih kotiro", i ngā M. Alonkina, LI Sazonov, Z. Gatskevich (i muri wahine Nikitin), I. Kaplan-ingel (i muri wahine Slonim).

Lev Luntz, me "Brothers Serapion"

Kua meinga e te taitamariki LEV Luntz-tau 20-tau te rangatira unofficial o te rōpū. Smart, ia hauhau tonu i nga wa katoa, pūmanawa mīharo - i roto i te hui tuatahi a Serapions ia "mahana ake" ratou hoa. kua tau 23 anake i ora Luntz, engari te whakahaere ki te waiho tona tohu i roto i te ngakau o kaituhi. tuhituhi Lunts Obituary Gorky, N. Berberova, Tynyanov, Fedin. I huaina e ia "Faun tamaiti" tauhiuhi i runga i te pūngao mata o tenei taata ki tonu nga hui katoa o te rōpū i huaina "Serapion Brothers". pōtitia ia he rangatira whakaaro Literary Association. ara hiahia te tangata taitama ki te whakatapua e haaputuraa, Heoi, kihai i whai wa ki te mahi i tenei.

Na roto i te mutunga o te 20-doma o auahatanga Lunz riro te taupae e ngaropoina ana rite te hohonu anti-Soviet me reactionary, me te ake o reira kihai i whakaputaina. Ka taea te mohio ki te take mō te huru pērā ki te pānui i ki Tuhinga Lunz "aha" Serapion Brothers ", i riro he Faaiteraa o te rōpū. I roto i te reira, e ai ta ia te mau parau tumu o te haere noa o te auahatanga, te ora, kahore nga tikanga me whakaritenga.

Ko te whakarau o te uniana

Hoki te kāwanatanga Soviet mō te rōpū motuhake o kaituhi ko rawa houhou. I roto i te tau 1922, i roto i te buka aamu "Literary Notes" he tuhinga ā-Serapions. I muri i tenei, te pakanga katoa mo te wehenga o kaituhi haere e Lunacharsky me Trotsky tu. whakaturia te mahi i mārama: te nuinga i te rōpū. Ko te hunga e whakaae ana ki te mahi ki nga mana, i korero ai i te reira e ka tāngia ratou mahi. Hoki kaituhi Soviet ko kē he angitu nui. tomo etahi o Serapions te Guild "Circle", kua vai nei hoki kēmu moni.

Ina e ka ake a nui atu te utu i te whakaminenga. Mana, kihai i te rōpū whakamararatia whanaunga hoa i waenganui i ona ngā mema tonu puta noa i te ora. Heoi, i runga i te ahiahi tau Zoscheko kore i haere mai i roto i te tau 1926. Tae noa 1929, feohi "Brothers Serapion" mangungu tonu i roto i te tuhituhi o. Ki te taeraa mai o te Union o Writers o te oraraa o tetahi rōpū motuhake i, i roto i te whānui, kua riro taea.

Ahakoa tona hītori poto, te rōpū "Serapion Brothers" ko o mahu'inga nui mō te tuhinga Russian o XX rautau. Mai i tona taiao mahue he maha o kaituhi nui, a pehea mahue reira ona tohu itehia e te meka e i roto i te tau 1946 ona ngā mema i whakahuatia ano i roto i te ture Zhdanov rongonui. Na, he maha nga tau i muri i te parariraa o te ringa whiu Soviet ka kaituhi tutu, patua te Zoshchenko, Tikhonov ko Slonimsky maha o aukati tōtika.