Tikanga mahi: whakarōpū o ngā āhuatanga taiao ahumahi. whakarōpū mā o ngā āhuatanga mahi

Te whakapai ake i te anga ture, me te kōrero tahi mau huringa i roto i ngā āhuatanga mahi. Whakarōpū o ngā āhuatanga mahi he faufaa nui i roto i nga tohu mahi, me te i runga i te hauora, te ora mahi, ratou huru ki to ratou mahi, me ona hua. I runga i te mahi, ki te utu o te whanaketanga whakapai ake mahi tikanga whakatikaia me tino utu atu i muri i toru ki te rima tau.

Ko te huarahi pūtaiao

I roto i te pūtaiao, i reira he tona whakamāramatanga o ngā āhuatanga mahi. Ka rite ki te tikanga, e pā ana tenei wā ki te huinga o ngā āhuatanga o te hanga, e whai he hāngaitanga ki te āhua tinana me te hinengaro o te tangata (hauora, oranga, te hononga ki te mau ohipa), me te te pānga i runga i te whai huatanga o ona mahi. Na tu te reira mo te ariā pērā i te whakarōpū o ngā āhuatanga mahi i runga i nga tikanga āhuatanga taiao.

Kua tāutuhia ngā pūkenga maha āhuatanga e whakatau nga tikanga mahi. takoto ratou whakarōpū i roto i ara e rua: ko te tuatahi te hunga e kua hāngai i runga i te āhuatanga whakaputa, me te tuarua - te hunga e kore e te āhua o te hanga whakawhirinaki i runga i. Te whakamutunga, rite ki te tikanga, i te āhua tūturu, pāpori, ōhanga ranei te tahi atu.

whakatōpūtanga hanganga ture

Standards, ara nga Aratohu R.2.2.755-99, whakapumautia paearu mā e ai ki te aromatawai i nga tikanga mahi. Whakarōpū o te mahi tikanga i roto i ngā o mōrearea, me ngá āhuatanga o te hanga taiao, te pakeke, me te kaha o te tukanga mahi, whakawhanakehia e Russian Tāhuhu o Hauora i roto i te 1999, tāutu toru taumata o ngā āhuatanga mahi i roto i ngā o te pakeke, me te matatini o te mahi. Ko ratou:

1. Optimal, rite ranei e kiia ana ko, ngāwari mahi.
2. mahi e manakohia ki te mahi reo-ohipa.
3. Kino, e ko te mahi pakeke.

Ko te uara o nga tikanga taiao

Whakarōpū o te mahi tikanga i runga i nga āhuatanga o ngā āhuatanga taiao e hāngai ana i runga i nga āhuatanga production e, i roto i te tahuri, kua wehea ki production tika, me te pāpori-hinengaro. Ko te tino ngā mō legislators me pūtaiao ko nga hunga e whakawhirinaki i runga i te āhua o te mahi. Enei āhuatanga, i roto i te tua ki te meka e ia faaitoito ratou mana nui i runga i nga tikanga mahi, a ka ahu ki te kia te huri tonu. Ka whakanui i anake tenei au te moni i roto i a ratou, a titau ako tamau.

He mea tika ki te whakaaro atu he taua mea rite te whakarōpū o ngā āhuatanga mahi i runga i te hanga āhuatanga, me te hanganga o taua āhuatanga, me te mea o ratou pānga i runga i te tangata e whai wāhi i roto i te hanga.

whakarōpū mā

whakamārama te ariā o te iriti ture no paearu mā pehea tautukunga ki te hanga raraunga taiao me te tukanga mahi ki te ture o nāianei. Kai i runga i nei te hāngai reira, e whai ake. hāngai Whakarōpū o tikanga mahi o te mahi kei te i runga i te pakeke o te rerekētanga i waenganui i te reiti raraunga tūturu ki ngā paerewa whakaaetia. Ko ahakoa o tikanga tino kino tenei tikanga mahi pēnei i te pāhekoheko ki te kawe o ngā mate hopuhopu, matū ngā paitini, me taero ranei raau taero.

Ko te kupu, e hāngai ana i runga i nga pānga kino o hapanga tikanga me nga paerewa ohi, tohatoha tino pai whakaaetia, kino, me te kino tikanga mahi.

whakarōpū mā o ngā āhuatanga mahi presupposes ratou wehenga ki wha rōpū:

1. tikanga tino pai o te mahi - te hunga ia e karangatia ana ki te nuinga o tōtika whakaawe mahi tangata, me te hua. A, no te e whakauaua ua raruraru, e kore e taea e engari pā i te hua pai. te tono paerewa tikanga tino pai ki tohu āhuarangi, me te te tukanga whakaputa. I roto i tenei take, kua whakaaro nga tikanga haumaru ki te kia te hunga he āhuatanga haumaru e kore e tangohia i runga whakaaetia noa. Tenei huarahi fakapapau'i te tiaki o te hauora kaimahi ', me te hanga o ngā āhuatanga mo te moni tiketike i roto i te putanga o te mahi. whakaaro tenei mahi whakahaere i roto i te hinonga kei te ki hei te pai.
2. tikanga mahi e manakohia - ko te hunga i roto i nei e kore te mea te mahi te pānga kino o pumau mo kaimahi te runga ake. I raro i taua tikanga, e taea te ngāwari faaho'ihia mai kaimahi manawanui i muri i te whakangā. Pānga i runga i te tinana i raro i taua pikaunga kore e nui rohe tikanga, me te mo take hauora e kore e meinga nui kino ki te hauora o ngā kaimahi. e kore e tikanga mahi manakohia meinga kino tūnguru ki te huru tinana ranei pā te malava ke fakafanaú. Taua paerewa e kore e meinga kino ki te uri poho. Me kia tino mahi mo te neke i muri kaimahi.
   
   E whakaaro ēnei paearu e rua tikanga mahi e manakohia, me te haumaru.
   
   
3. tikanga tikanga mahi kino e whai wāhi te hanga o ngā āhuatanga haumaru e whai he mana hāngai, me te kaha i runga i te hauora o te iwi. Enei whika nui nga tikanga parukore whakaaetia, me te pēhia ngā te tinana. Whakarōpū o te mahi tikanga i runga i te tohu o te mōrearea, tei runga i to ratou mana, e te tikanga he roa a kia arahi ki raruraru nui o te ora, a tae noa whakapataritari hopearaa kino mō te uri heke mai. e kore e taea te whakarōpūtia i tēnei kāwai o te mahi rite manakohia.
4. Kei te nui haere tikanga mahi mōrearea hauora kino e kore e anake, engari ano hoki i te oraraa o kaimahi. I tua atu ki te tono o te kino tonu ki kaimahi i roto i te mahia o ngā mahi whakaritea e te pau o to ratou mahi, hoki to ratou he pānga tu'uloa i runga i to ratou hauora. ngā āhuatanga nui o te taua te rongo e taea meinga nui kino ki te mahi tinana. No te mea whakatika mana roa o taua āhuatanga i roto i te kaimahi o ngā momo mate mahi, he tokomaha o nei arahi ki te pākoko abnormalities kino i roto i te uri ranei. Whakarōpū o te mahi tikanga i runga i te tohu o te ati ko te pūnaha motuhake o paearu e āhei ai tatou ki te mārama me pēhea te nui, ko te haumaru mō te ora me te hauora ki te mahi i te mahi ngā.

uara pūngao

I tua atu ki te paerewa whänui ana te whakaaetia, i reira he paearu motuhake e ngā he mahi ki te mahara motuhake o te hinengaro. Whakarōpū o te mahi tikanga mo ngā āhuatanga taiao e ki āhuatanga pūkete haunga te tohu o te harmfulness o hanga me te utu pūngao e tika ana mō te raveraa i te kaimahi o te mahi. Ko te taumata o te pūngao whakamahia e taea e te tohu o te āhua o pakeke whakamana te mahi e kaimahi me te taumata o te kukū me te ka kaha titau te reira. Ko tenei mōhiohio o te faufaa tika mo te whakapai ake o ngā tohu o te taiao.

Aromatawai me te whakarōpū o tikanga mahi o tenei ahua, tei runga i te whakaritenga o nga paerewa, e whakapūtā e tei tika mana kohi i runga i te tūranga i roto i nei te kaimahi mahi te mahi. Ka rite ki te tikanga, ko reira he tūranga e tu ana e noho ana ranei. kitea Standards e ka te taumata pūngao e noho ana nui haere e pā ana ki e rima ki te tekau ōrau o te pākia e tuatahi. A, no te tu, e whakatika tenei ahua ki 10-12%. I te nui tūranga e hiahiatia te ngau ke o te pūngao nui haere e te hawhe. I tua atu, titau atu ma rima ki te rua tekau ōrau o te pūngao o ia rā kaha mahi hinengaro. E titau te reira etahi utu mahi kukū rawa ranei io, e pā nei te ki nui haere te ahotea. Na, e korero ana titau hawhe anake rite pūngao nui rite te mahi taua, engari i mahi ia. Mahinga i mua i te whakarongo titau te pūngao rua o te pānga, me i te kukū o te whakarongo i kaimahi, e pā ana ki te hangarau rorohiko nei mahi, kia enei reiti ki runga ki te kotahi rau ōrau. I runga i te pūtake o enei tawhā whaiaroaro, me ōwehenga e hanga e.

Ngā momo o kohakoha tinana

Whakarōpū o te mahi tikanga i runga i te pakeke o te tukanga mahi tei runga i te utu o te pūngao i roto i te mahi o etahi mahi, a whakakitea i roto i te ino āta o te tinana, hauātanga pā, tīmatanga o te rohirohi, me te titau okiokinga wā. mahi tinana, i runga i ona pānga i runga i te tinana kei taea te wehea ki hikohiko me te hihiri.

faaite te tuatahi ake i roto i te hiahia mo te pupuri roa o ngā kaupapa i roto i te huru taua e ai rohirohi etahi rōpū uaua. mahi auau, me te tonu i roto i te āhua i whakaritea, me te momo ngaohiko taua whakaoho overvoltage, ino o te uaua me te ino o te supply toto i roto i o ratou wāhanga motuhake. Tenei e taea meinga mate wheua, me te pūnaha musculoskeletal, a tae noa te rärangi.

mahi hihiri - ko reira he mahi i roto i nei i reira he mahi kaha o uaua. Tikanga, whai wāhi ai ngā rōpū nui, i roto i ngā te tinana whare me wahi. He tauira pirimia o tenei momo, ko te kaimahi mahi Loader. tono hē o te whakarōpū o ngā āhuatanga mahi e taea e te ati nui ki to ratou hauora.

puta mahi uaua wāhanga rohe ranei i roto i te kaupapa pai o te tinana o runga. tikanga Limited e whai wāhi iti iho i te kotahi toru o nga uaua katoa i roto i te tinana. Tikanga, tenei mahi iti uaua pērā i tarapēke o taonga, a na runga i. D.

Te tikanga mānukanuka

titau Whakarōpū o ngā āhuatanga mahi i te pakeke me te kaha te tātaritanga o ngā āhuatanga o te hanga, ka rite ki te roa me te tohu o te rohirohi o te kaiao mo te wā motuhake o te wā. Ngaohiko kaimahi tinana (hinengaro tinana ranei) kia rerekē i runga i te momo o te mahi, me te mahi motuhake whakamana rānei. I roto i te kaha kawenga rohirohi puta i runga i te ahanoa neke me ona ake tinana i roto i te wāhi rānei, me te he pūāhua pūngao. A, no te pau kaha mahi hinengaro o te tinana e no te mea o te ahotea aronganui.

Ka taea te whakaaro Whakarōpū o ngā āhuatanga mahi mō te kaha mahi o te tukanga i runga i te tauira o te hanga, e hāngai ana nei i runga i te whakamahi o te mahi maramarama. Whiwhi i te tirohanga me te tukatuka o ngā mōhiohio titau kaha nui, e te manuwhiri tura'ii te utu pūngao. Heoi, kia rerekē ratou i runga i te āhua o te mahi hinengaro rānei. Na, whakaaro te māmā o te momo ngā te e te mahi hinengaro e titau motuhake whakatau-kaupapa. whakarōpūtia ana tēnei momo te rite tino pai. Heoi, ki te tika, whakatau i runga i te kaupapa i ngā hātepe ranei, e taea te kore e pēnei taua mahi ki te ahua māmā o te mahi, kia taea te huaina reira anake mahi tīkina o te tohu tuatahi.

Hoki atu ngā kāwai matatini whakatau te mahi i roto i whakaoti rapanga o te hātepe mohiotia i mua kaupapa ranei. whakaaro auaha titau utu pūngao teitei, a na reira e pā ana ki te mahi e manakohia o te tohu tuarua.

paearu motuhake

I tua atu ki te paearu i runga ake, whakawhanakehia te pūtaiao, me ētahi atu tikanga mahi. titore Classification paearu motuhake mō ngā āhuatanga mahi. Ka taea te pēnei ngā āhuatanga (tikanga) ki a ratou:

• tinana;
• whare;
• pāpori;
• production.

E ai ki tenei wehenga, āhuatanga whakarōpū o ngā āhuatanga taiao o ngā āhuatanga mahi tāutu te tawhā e whai ake nei: pāmahana, te pēhanga, te viivii ore o te rangi, tona maroke, kounga rama, te aroaro o te ngangau wiri ranei, nga wiri me te kaupapa o te rangi. Ka taea e taua tikanga pānga te rohirohi me mahi i roto i te whānui.

Ki te whakapai ake i te taiao mahi e tika ana ki te waihanga haratau matua kāinga. Ēnei ngā taua āhuatanga rite te pāmahana i roto i te whānuitanga 18-20 ° C, HG pēhanga e pā ana ki 760 mm o, me te haumākū o e pā ana ki te 50% roto.

Ko te hiahia o ngā rōpū motuhake

Whakarōpū o ngā āhuatanga mahi mō ngā paearu akuaku nui mo etahi kāwai o te iwi e hiahia ana ki te waihanga i tētahi ara ake mārire tikanga i roto i te wāhi mahi. A, no te te whakahaere o te mahi i te tipu, e kaimahi wahine ngā rangatahi i ranei, he mea e tika ana ki te tango i ki pūkete te kaha o te rauropi. Nā ki te peculiarities o te kaiao wahine ko nui iti iho i te nga tangata, kua urutau ki te mahi i ngā mahi e huhú pērā i ara pauna. Na reira, rāhuitia te whai wāhi o te wahine i roto i taua mahi e te ture. Ko te taua he pono hoki taiohi. E kore te te tinana o ngā rangatahi i hanga e ano tino, na kia mau ratou mahi ki pūkete te paearu me whakarōpū o ngā āhuatanga mahi, e kua whakaahuatia i roto i te taipitopito i roto i te paerewa.

Te tikanga māvaé

He he faufaa nui mo te hanga o ngā āhuatanga tino pai mō ngā rōpū taupori katoa he pūnaha taua. takoha Whakarōpū o te mahi tikanga i runga i te āhuatanga taiao i roto i te take o ngā rangatahi i kaitukumahi ki te waihanga whakaurunga kihai i pai i i araia te whanaketanga tonu me te tupu o ngā tamariki. Tuatahi o te katoa āwangawanga reira nga mahi tinana titau, e kua he pikaunga nui i runga i te tinana o te tamaiti, me tona whanaketanga atu. e kore e uaua me wheua i tenei tau ano i hanga tino, e fakamanamanai ki te takoki, karawarawa me te whanaketanga taikaha o te rauropi. E tamariki haora mahi poto, me te mārama whāiti ki te pakeke o taonga, e ratou e taea whakaara i roto i te tukanga. E whakatakotoria kai e rite e pā ana ki e mau ana te āheinga me te mo nga wahine. Taua rōpū kia tīmata te mahi i te po anake i roto i te mau huru rawa. Ano, hoki wahine whakaratohia hoki poroporoaki whakawhānau me te huringa o te wahi o te mahi i roto i hapūtanga ki te pukapuka.

Ko o faufaa ngā mo te tiaki o te hauora tūmatanui, me te rawa te whenei tino whakaraerae whakarōpū mā o ngā āhuatanga mahi. Hei tauira, i roto i te buka haapiiraa i runga i te paearu akuaku kī e ohie ratou oraraa mana o te hauora o ngā kaimahi, me te hanganga ture ki te ngā o ngā whakaritenga ngā. Ano, ko te tiaki o te matua hauora tūmatanui ki te āwhina i te whakapai ake te kounga o te ora, wā kawe i ngā arowhai e hāngai ana i te tāutu i hapanga ki pou me ngā raruraru hauora. I tua atu, i te oraraa o te pūnaha aromatawai kotahi āhei ia kamupene ki te pupuri i ngā pūkete, me te ki te tango i mehua wā mo to ratou whakapai ake. Whakarōpū o tikanga mahi o te taiao e mahi ana whakahaere te pupuri o te tirohanga State o ngā wāhi mahi, whakawā e pā ana ki to ratou tautukunga ki ngā paerewa tikanga whakaaetia me te hāmene o tangata e mātakitaki te tautukunga ki enei paerewa. I roto i te toihara e āwhina taua tikanga ki te tirotiro take o maumaui matotoru o te ture, me te ki te whiriwhiri i te mehua ārai hoki i kitea he o taua maumaui tangata.