Tuhinga - Ko ... tauhou Famous. tauhou hou

Te aroha ... e kore te mea tino mōhio ki a tatou te kupu. rongo katoa te reira i te iti rawa kotahi i roto i te ora, engari e kore te mea te tika ki te whakamārama i te ngako o te wā i raro i te kaha mo te katoa. A te reira pouri, no te mea kua tonu kua rongonui Russia mo te meka e aroha me te faarahiraa i he he wāhi o tona iho roa.

He aha te mea te faarahiraa?

Ki te inoia e koutou tetahi counter e taua rironga ko, Ka taea e torutoru iwi rite e, i kotahi, ki te hoatu i te whakahoki reka. Ae, kua rongo katoa o te iwi taonga ki te whakarato āwhina pūtea ki taonga, orphanages, hōhipera, ngā rōpū hākinakina o tamariki, toi taitamariki, kaiwaiata me kaitito. Ko ahakoa katoa tenei āwhina ko rironga ko? He te tonu te aroha me te tautoko. Me pēhea te ki te wehewehe i ēnei ariā i tahi e te tahi? Hei matau enei take matatini, me te āwhina i tēnei tuhinga.

Tuhinga - Ko te tautoko rauemi atu ranei ki te tahi atu mau taata free, e whakaratohia ana e ngā rōpū rite te pai kia rite ki ngā māngai o te ahurea me te toi.

Ko te hītori o te putanga o te wā

Kei te herenga te takenga o te kupu ki te tangata hītori tūturu. A Kaiu Maecenas - konei nei ingoa hei kua faaauhia. Noble rangatira Roma, tuarua o te Hiha Octavian, i rongonui mō te ka āwhina nga kaitito pūmanawa me ngā kaituhi whakatoia e nga mana. I whakaorangia ia i te mate o te kaituhi o te tahuti ore "Aeneid" Virgil me maha atu toi nei oraraa i whakawehi ana mō ngā take tōrangapū.

ko matou i roto i te Roma me era atu tauhou o toi, anake Kaiu Maecenas. Te aha e mea he ingoa whare, me te kua riro te wā hou? Ko te take i te tahi atu hunga atawhai taonga katoa i pai ki te tu ake mo te rohi pehe tawainga toi ranei i roto o te wehi o te kingi. Otiia i a Kaiu Maecenas ki Octavian Akuhata mana rawa kaha, a kihai i wehi ki te haere ki tona hiahia me hiahia. whakaorangia e ia i te Vergil. Na reira tautoko nga hoariri tōrangapū o te emepera, me te mea o taua hinga i roto o te manakohia. Na ka haere mai anake te tangata e ki tona āwhina, - Patron. Na reira, ngaro te ingoa o te tahi atu tauhou i hoki tenetere, a ka ake ake noho ia i roto i te mahara o te hunga e i tauturu te pipiri ore tona ora katoa.

Ko te hītori o te putanga o te Tuhinga

e kore e taea te huaina te rā tangohia o te ahua o te rironga ko. Whakakorekore Ko anake te meka e kua tonu te hiahia mo te āwhina ki ngā māngai o te toi i runga i te wahi o te mana me te taonga o te iwi. i rerekē nga take mo te taua āwhina. tino aroha te tangata toi ka tamata pono ki te āwhina i kaitito, kaitoi me kaiwaiata. Hoki ētahi atu, ko reira he tangata whai taonga ranei he takoha ki te kaiwhakaahua o te hiahia ki te whakaatu ia kaituku ohaoha me te kaiwhakaruruhau tapu i roto i te kanohi o te toenga o te hapori ranei. tamata te mana ki te, ēngari i te toi ki te tirohanga ki te pupuri i ratou i roto i te ngohengohe.

Ko te kupu, i reira ko Tuhinga i roto i te wā i muri i te takanga o te kāwanatanga. I roto i te tawhito, me te kaitito Anotau me toi i roto i te āhua o te ti'aturiraa i te mana. Ko te pononga tata kāinga. pupuritia te reira i tenei tūranga tae noa ki te parariraa o te pūnaha feudal.

I roto i te wā o te tautoko arikitanga tino e te puka penihana, tohu, hōnore, pou marae o.

Aroha me te faarahiraa i - ko reira he rerekētanga?

Kei te āhua rangirua ki te kupu, me ngā ariā o te faarahiraa i, te aroha me te tautoko. rapu katoa o ratou āwhina, engari ko tonu te rerekētanga i waenganui i a ratou rawa nui, me te tohu o te rite e waiho he hape. Ko reira utu he titiro i te take o te kupu. O nga ariā e toru o te tautoko tino rerekē, me te rironga ko. E pā ana te wā tuatahi ki te tauturu i raro i etahi tikanga, ki te haumi i roto i tetahi mahi ranei. Hei tauira, ki te tautoko i taea te whakaratohia te kaitoi e te whakaahua kaitautoko ranei whakahua tona ingoa i roto i te pāpāho. Mämä noa iho, te tautoko, ko te ki te riro i tetahi painga. Tuhinga - he āwhina e tau'a nei, me te gratuitous ki toi me te ahurea. Maecenas kore hāngai ki runga i te whiwhi atu painga mo ratou.

Ko te mahi i muri mai e whai ake nei te kaupapa - te aroha. Ko reira tata rawa ki te ariā o te Tuhinga, me te rerekētanga i waenganui i a ratou, ko te papaki kite. Kei te āwhina tenei hunga i roto i te hiahia, ka puta te tumu matua o te aroha i konei. Ko te ariā o te aroha rawa ngā me te rironga ko mahi rite tona momo motuhake.

Aha e te tangata whai wāhi i roto i te rironga ko?

rerekē tonu mehe Russian me tauhou i te Western i roto i tona huarahi ki te āwhina i ngā mema o te toi. Ki te kōrero tatou e pā ana ki Russia, te Tuhinga - ko te tautoko rawa e ko i roto o te tikanga o te aroha, te hiahia ki te āwhina i kahore tango tetahi painga mo ratou. I roto i te taime reira Te Hau-ā-uru hua i te aroha rite te whakaiti whakawāteatanga ranei i a ratou. Na reira, i konei ki te kōrero e pā ana ki te pipiri ore oti taea.

He aha i Kei te piki timata te XVIII rau tauhou toi Russian ki, ēngari i te toi me ihi, ki te hanga whare pukapuka, whare taonga, me whare?

Ko te ope matua peia konei ko nga take e whai ake nei - morare teitei, morare me tauhou karakia. kua kaha tautoko whakaaro Public te whakaaro o te aroha, me te aroha. Kua arahina ngā tikanga tika, me te mātauranga fakalotú ki te taua tītohunga kanapa i roto i te hītori o Russia rite te rironga ko toi matomato i roto i te mutunga o te XIX - wawe senituli XX.

Te aroha i roto i Russia. Ko te hītori o te take mai me te huru o te kāwanatanga ki taua mahi

Aroha me te faarahiraa i roto i Russia i te iho roa, me te hohonu. Herea ratou i roto i te wahi tuatahi mai i te ahua o Karaitiana i Kievan Rus. I vai te aroha rite āwhina whaiaro ki te rawakore. whai wāhi te mahi taua tuatahi i roto i te hahi te whakatuwhera hospices mo te ruhiruhia, monokia me turoro, me te hōhipera. Tīmata aroha hoatu Prince Vladimir, takoto ōkawa ki ngā te hahi, me te none o te aroha tūmatanui.

Ko te kawana Russian whai, osi atu tono ngaio, Heoi, tonu ki te tango i tiaki o te pono rawakore. tonu tatou ki te hanga hōhipera, almshouses, orphanages mo te poriro, me te hinengaro kino.

Kua pai te whakawhanakehia aroha i roto i Russia whakawhetai ki te wahine. Rawa Nui i roto i te tautururaa i te rawakore o te Empress Catherine ahau, Maria Feodorovna ko Elizabeth A ..

Ko te hītori o te faarahiraa i roto i Russia i te pito o te rau tau XVIII, ka riro te reira i te ahua o te aroha.

Ko te tauhou Russian tuatahi

Ko te tuatahi i roto i te hītori o te kaiwhakaruruhau toi Russian i Count Aleksandr Sergeevich Stroganov. Ko tētahi o nga kaipupuri whenua nui rawa o te whenua, he tino rongonui rite Huhua me kaikohi te kauwhata. He rota o te haere, ka hiahia i roto i te whakahiato i te kohinga o peita, kohatu, me moni Stroganov. utua He rota o te wā, te moni, me te kaha Earl te whanaketanga o te ahurea me te toi, ki te whakarato āwhina me te tautoko ki taua kaitito rongonui rite Gabriel Derzhavin ko Ivan Krylov.

Tae noa Tatauria te mutunga o tona ora ko Stroganov te peresideni tūturu o te Imperial Academy o Toi. I te wa ano, ko ia i roto i tiaki o te Imperial Public Library, a ko tona kaiwhakahaere. Ko reira i runga i tona kaupapa te hanga o te Kazan Cathedral, e pā ana kahore kaihoahoa ke, me te Russian.

Iwi rite Stroganov whakatuwheratia te ara mo tauhou muri, te pipiri ore, me te pono te āwhina i te whanaketanga o te ahurea me te toi i roto i Russia.

Kei te mohiotia te whare rongonui o te Demidov, nga kaiwhakatū o te ahumahi metallurgical Russian, hoki e kore anake te koha nui ki te whanaketanga ahumahi o te whenua, engari ano hoki tona aroha. ka mau māngai whare tiaki o te University Moscow, a whakaturia he karahipi mō ngā ākonga i te mau utuafare iti-moni. whakatuwheratia ana e ratou te kura arumoni tuatahi mō nga tamariki a kaihokohoko. Tonu āwhina Demidov Foundling kāinga. I te wa ano i mahi ratou i roto i te whakaminenga o te kohikohinga toi. Kua riro te reira i ngā kohinga tūmataiti nui o te ao.

Ko tētahi atu kaitiaki rongonui me te kaitautoko o te rau tau XVIII - Count Nikolay Petrovich Sheremetev. Ko ia he kaiarahi o nga toi, rawa whare tapere.

I te wa, ko rongonui hoki te marena kinotia ia ki tona ake whenua, te kāinga whare tapere kaitapere Praskovya Zhemchugovoy ia. hohoro mate ia, ka horo'ahia ki tana tane kore ki te waiho i te mea o te aroha. Tatau rite Sheremetev tona tono. Wāhanga o te whakapaipai pau ia i runga i te āwhina ki kaimahi me te hakari i homai Kora. I tona kaupapa, te hanga o hospices i Moscow. haumi ano hoki e ia i roto i te hanga o nga whare me te mau hiero.

He hapahapai ki te whanaketanga o kaihokohoko te faarahiraa

inaianei i tokomaha te iwi, he whakaaro tino he e pā ana ki te piha haapiiraa kaihokohoko senituli XIX-XX Russian. Kei te hanga e te reira i raro i te mana o kiriata Soviet me mahi tuhituhi, i roto i nei kitea te apa e ki hapori ko te tikanga tino unsightly. kaihokohoko pane katoa titiro ruarua mātauranga, arotahi anake i runga i te hanga i te pai i roto i tetahi ara te iwi i tino kowaiwai o te aroha me te tohu mō ētahi atu. Ko faufaa tenei te whakaaro he. O te akoranga, he okotahi reira tonu a ka waiho, engari ko te nuinga o kaihokohoko te wahi tino mātauranga, me te kōrero o te taupori, e kore tatau, o te akoranga, te rangatira.

Otiia i roto i nga hapu rangatira o atawhai me pataloni taea te kiia i runga i nga maihao. Aroha i roto i Russia - katoa kaiaka o te piha haapiiraa kaihokohoko.

Kua kua whakahuatia poto matou, te take he aha i tīmata iwi ki te whai wāhi i roto i te rironga ko. kua riro nei hoki te nuinga o kaihokohoko me ngā kaiwhakanao aroha tata te ara o te ora, kua meinga reira he āhuatanga wāhi o te huru. Here te tūranga takaro e te meka i maha kaihokohoko taonga me peeke nga uri o nga Tuí Tahito, i i āhuatanga e te hononga motuhake ki te moni, me te taonga. Na ko ahua rerekē atu, hei tauira te huru o kaipakihi Russian ki te mahi, i roto i te Te Hau-ā-uru. Hoki ratou, taonga - e kore te mea he fetish, hokohoko - e kore te puna o te pai, engari he tetahi ngaahi fatongia utaina e te Atua.

Kawea ake i roto i nga whakarerenga iho fakalotu hohonu, whakapono Russian kaipakihi-mehe e homai taonga e te Atua, me te, reira, he tika hoki taua mea ki te kia haepapa. I roto i te meka, whakapono ratou e ki te titauraa ngā i roto i te te tauturu. Otiia kihai i äia a reira. i mahi mea katoa i te karanga o te wairua.

tauhou toi Russian Famous o te rau tau 19

whakaaro ana tēnei wā ko te tino pokea ana o te faarahiraa i roto i Russia. Ko te timatanga o te tupu o te öhanga tere whai wāhi ki te hurori te hōkai whakaaro me te manaaki o te tangata taonga.

pataloni Famous senituli XIX-XX - rawa maha nga māngai o te piha haapiiraa kaihokohoko. Ko te māngai kānapanapa - Pavel Mihaylovich Tretyakov me tona teina iti rongonui Sergei Mikhailovich.

Me mea e ahau e kore kaihokohoko Tretyakovs nohoia nui taonga. Otiia kihai i tenei ārai ratou āta kohikohi peita o toi rongonui, te haamau'araa i runga i a ratou i te nui nui. I hiahia ake i roto i peita Pākehā Western Sergey. I muri i tona matenga, Kohaina ia te kohinga ki tona teina tomo te kohinga o pikitia e Pavel Mikhailovich. Rāwaho i roto i 1893, ko te taiwhanga toi i muri i rua tauhou nui Russian. Ki te kōrero tatou anake e pā ana ki te kohinga o pikitia Pavel, i runga i te kaiwhakaruruhau oranga pau Tretyakov runga taua mea e pā ana ki te miriona moni. He moni maere mo aua wa.

tīmata ia tona kohinga o peita Russian Tretyakov i tona tamarikitanga. Ahakoa Na, ko rite reira te whāinga - ki te whakatuwhera i te taiwhanga tūmatanui motu, tetahi i runga i te whai wāhi noa ki reira, ka uru atu i te masterpieces o toi Russian.

Brothers Tretyakov nama tatou te tohu nehenehe o te Tuhinga Russian - te Tretyakov Taiwhanga.

Maecenas Tretyakov i anake te kaiwhakaruruhau o te toi i roto i Russia. Savva Ivanovich Mamontov, he māngai o te whare rongonui, ko te kaiwhakarewa, me te kaihanga o te nui rawa ara tereina Russian. kihai ia i rapu i rongo, me te tino tau'a ki tohu. Ko tona riri anake te aroha o te toi. Savva ia ko he āhua hohonu auaha, me ona mahi i roto i te mahi rawa tukinotia. E ai ki to'utangatá, i taea e ia hei te kaiwaiata opera nehenehe (ia i whakahere ki te mahi i runga i te atamira o te whare puoru Itariana), me te toi.

Tona whenua Abramtsevo tahuri ia ki te whare manaaki mo toi Russian. Here tonu i reira ko Vrubel, Repin, Vasnetsov, Serov, ko Chaliapin. Katoa o ratou whakaratohia Mamontov āwhina pūtea me te rironga ko. Ko kua whakaratohia te philanthropist tautoko rahi toi whare tapere.

Mammoth mahi aroha o tona teina, me hoa pakihi ua râ heahea, engari kihai i taua mutu ia. I te mutunga o te ora puta i pakaru Savva me papaki ana mawhiti whare herehere. I whiua ia, engari kia whai wāhi i roto i kore i taea e mahi. Tae noa i tautoko te mutunga o tona ora i te hunga katoa ki nei i kotahi i awhina ia te pipiri ore.

Savva Timofeevich Morozov - he haehaa philanthropist mīharo e awhinatia te Art Theatre i te huru e kore tona ingoa e whakahuatia e pā ana ki tenei i roto i te niupepa. Na kua whakaratohia te tahi atu mau melo o tenei whare āwhina faufaa i roto i te whanaketanga o te ahurea me te toi. Sergey Timofeevich Morozov hiahia i runga i Russian toi whakapaipai, ka tono, ko tona kohinga te pokapū o te Museum handicraft i Moscow. Ivan Abramovich ko te kaiwhakaruruhau o te unknown ina Marc Chagall.

hurihuri

Ko te revolution me ngā muri haukotia ona iho nui o Tuhinga Russian. A, i muri i ko te Soviet Union he wa roa i mua i reira he tauhou hou o Russia hou. Hoki Philanthropy ratou - ko reira wahi o te mahi ngaio whakaritea. Kia aroha mai, te aroha kaupapa, e i tau ki te tau kei te hoko atu rongonui i roto i Russia, reira ta iti e pā ana ki te pāpāho. riro mōhio o ngā take i te torutoru noa te iwi whānui, engari te nuinga o te mahi o kaitautoko, pataloni me moni aroha puritia e te taupori. Ki te inoia e koutou inaianei tetahi counter: "He aha mohiotia e pataloni hou ki a koutou", he reira ka whakahoki tetahi pea tenei pātai. Na, Me ki mohio enei iwi.

I roto i kaipakihi Russian mātātoa te whai wāhi i roto i te mahi aroha i roto i te wahi tuatahi kia tuhia te reira i te peresideni "Interros" kamupene pupuri Vladimir Potanin o, i roto i 2013 ua faaite e bequeaths tona waimarie ki te aroha. Ko reira pono he tauākī auheke. tīmata ia i te turanga e faaite tona ingoa, mahi nei i roto i ngā kaupapa nui-tauine i te mara o te mātauranga me te ahurea. Ka rite ki Tiamana o te Poari o Kaitiaki o te Hermitage, i patu whakahere kua ia ia 5 miriona moni.

Oleg Vladimirovich Deripaska, tetahi o kaipakihi momona me tino whai mana o Russia, ko te kaiwhakaū o te moni aroha "mahi noa", te pütea nei i moni kaipakihi whaiaro. pau te Foundation neke atu i te 400 ngā hōtaka, te pūtea o i moni ki te katoa o tata 7 piriona moni. whai wāhi Deripaska te i roto i ngā mahi aroha i roto i te mara o te mātauranga, te pūtaiao me te tikanga, me hākinakina. Ano, whakarato āwhina ki te Hermitage, he maha whare, monasteries me pokapū mātauranga puta noa i te whenua te tahua.

I roto i te tūranga o mehe i Russia hou taea mahi e kore anake pakihi nui, engari ano hoki rangatira me ngā hanganga arumoni. Aroha mahi i roto i "Gazprom", JSC "Lukoil", CB "Alfa Bank" me maha atu kamupene me tahatika.

hiahia ana ahau ki te whakahua Dmitriya Borisovicha Zimina, kaiwhakarewa o OJSC "Vimpel-Communications". Mai 2001, whakatutuki moni ukauka o te kamupene, mutu ia ka oti rawa ia katoa ki te aroha. whakaturia e ia te tohu "pūwhakamārama" me "whare" tahua. E ai ki te nuinga o Zimin, te whakapaipai katoa foaki ia ki te aroha tino noa. i hanga e ia i te Foundation kua tautoko pūtaiao taketake i roto i Russia.

O te akoranga, e kore kua tae te faarahiraa hou te taumata e i kitea i roto i te "koura" o te rau tau XIX. Na he pātītī reira, i kua whakaratohia te mehe o te tenetere mua te ahurea me te pūtaiao o te tautoko nahanaha.

He reira he heke mai o te faarahiraa i roto i Russia?

April 13 tohua te hararei whakamiharo - te ra o te philanthropist me kaiwhakaruruhau o te toi i roto i Russia. pau Rā te ki te ra whanau o Kaiu Maecenas, te kaiwhakaruruhau Roma o kaitito me kaitoi, a kua meinga faaauhia te te kupu "philanthropist" tona ingoa. Ko te initiator o te hakari ko te Hermitage, māngai e tona kaiwhakahaere Mikhail Piotrovsky. Ko tenei ra te ingoa tuarua - te ra o te mihi. Tuatahi whakahuatia reira i roto i 2005 me te tumanako ai e i roto i te heke mai e kore e ngaro ia ona hāngaitanga.

Na reira ko te huru rangirua ki te rironga ko. Ko tētahi o nga take matua mo tenei ko te huru rangirua ki takitahi rawa i roto i nga tikanga ngā tenei ra, te pāpori raupapatanga kaha katoa. No tetahi e whakatupehupehu ana e maha e kore he katoa e manakohia ki te tikanga te nuinga o te taupori pai i te taonga. Ko reira he maha o te iwi whai taonga, me te hunga e hoatu mirioni ki te whanaketanga me te tiaki o te pūtaiao me te ahurea, me ētahi atu take aroha. A e te mea nui ki te hohaa te kāwanatanga e pā ana ki te meka i kua riro matau ki te whānui o te iwi porohita nga ingoa o tauhou toi Russian nāianei.