Uku - he aha te mea tenei? Āhuatanga me tono o uku

Uku - Ko tetahi o nga rauemi hanga matamua mohiotia ki te tangata tenei. I tčnei wā, tona whakamahi tā te momo rawa o kōwhiringa. He maha ngā momo o tenei rauemi.

momo

matū korotā - he rauemi organic, e ngā rave rahi momo.

• uku Natural. He he rauemi Kaore ranei rauemi totoka e ngā pūhui warowaihā me o ratou pärönaki. He ngā tukanga piti hāora tūturu o te hinu polymerization ara o ratou hanganga. E horahia e ratou i roto i nga wāhi o te hinu. uku tūturu Pure - ko te taonga onge.
• momo uku. kitea ana tēnei momo te atu pinepine atu i te kotahi o mua. Ko reira i roto i te kamaka maiengi. mongamonga noa ratou, ka heke. Ka rite ki huri i te reira i roto i uku ara.
• Oil. Ko te ahua o te rauemi horihori. Kei te whakaputaina te reira i roto i te tukanga o te para. I roto i runga ki te momo huringa tukanga wehea taua uku ki wäriu, hāora, me te hangai.

hanganga

Uku e te hanganga e whai ake nei i roto i te putanga matarohia:

• ki te 80% waro;
• ki te 15% hauwai;
• i 2 ki te 9% o whanariki;
• kore neke atu i te 5% hāora;
• i 0 ki te 2% hauota.

Ko enei matū i roto i te puka o pūhui pūwaro, he whanariki, te hāora, me te hauota.

Ka taea te whakarōpūtia huānga katoa ki ngā rōpū e toru.

1. wāhanga Mārō - tiketike waiwaro taimaha rāpoi huaina asphaltenes. He he ano hoki wāhanga mārō he paraffins.

2. inoihia - rauemi amorphous i te tae parauri pouri.

3. Ko te hautanga hinu - ko te waiwaro ngā e whai iti iho i te 1 i te kiato.

Uku - Ko reira he taonga matatini ki te tetahi ōwehenga o ngā wāhanga katoa. Whakanuia i roto i tona taimaha o asphaltenes e whakanui i te pāmahana pakeke, brittleness me te tamarûraa.

whakaiti hoki nga sperm te ukanga o uku, na utua whakarongo te ki te hanga o te hekenga i roto i to ratou ihirangi ki te 5% iti ranei.

poi o tono

Tei runga i te āhuatanga ōkiko wehewehe nga mara e whai ake nei o te tono o uku:

• hanga rori;
• tuanui;
• waterproofing;
• elektorokabelya production;
• hangarau Shino-rapa;
• pūhiko;
• peita me varnishes;
• metallurgy;
• uglebriketov production;
• Whakamahine.

Ko te mahi hanga i runga i ona ake uku ko te rauemi tino rongonui mō te wuru o ngā taonga, rawa nga toa me basements.

ara te hinu

Ko te hanga o rori whakamahia e te ara hinu uku (GOST 22245-90). He maha ngā momo o taua rauemi.

Hei whiriwhiri i te ahua tika, kia tautuhi tatou te momo o te rohe āhuarangi.

Hoki ngā āhuatanga tūturu nei e āhuatanga e te pāmahana i roto i te wa makariri he kore ki runga ake i -20? C i te toharite, he tika ana i roto i runga i te bitumens huarahi GOST pērā i BND 200/300, 130/200 BND ko BND 90/130.

Hoki ngā rohe i reira te pāmahana toharite i roto i te wa makariri o te awhe tau i -10? C ki -20, whakarato hinu uku ara II me III o te wāhi āhuarangi o te ara. Ēnei ngā nga momo i runga, me te 60/90.

Ki te ko te pāmahana toharite ā-marama i roto i te wa makariri o te tau i roto i te whānuitanga o -5 ki te -10? C, whakarato te Paerewa mo te whakamahi o uku huarahi hinu rite katoa o nga momo i runga, me te te BND 40/60, 90/130 BN, BN 130/200 BN 200/300.

Hoki ngā wāhi i reira āhuatanga nga tauwaenga hotoke pāmahana kahore i raro i +5? C, e tika ana uku ara hinu momo pērā i BND 40/60, 60/90, 90/130 BND, BN 60/90, 90/130 BN.

hinu

He momo e kua whakamahia mo te hanganga o rori kore anake āhuatanga noho engari ano hoki. Tenei waitohu ao. E toru anake rama, e ngā taua uku hinu rite BN 70/30, 90/130 BN, BN 50/50.

I tua atu i te ara hinu uku, GOST e regulates te tikanga o te tono o ia momo, hoki mahi hanga uku GOST 6671-76.

Ko te raro te pāmahana taiao, kia whakamahia te rauemi atu rapa mō te hanga. Tenei ka whakarite i tona pikinga me roanga o te mahi.

rauemi Oil tuanui

Hoki te momo o mahi i runga i te tāutanga tuanui whakamahi uku motuhake. Ngā Āhuatanga me tono e whakaritea ai e GOST 9548-74. Ko tā te paerewa te whakamahi o toru ngā momo o ngā rauemi tuanui:

• BOC 90/30 - he whānuitanga pērā i te hanganga o te kahu paninga o te tuanui.
• BNK 40/180 - Kei te whakamahia ki te kawe i te impregnation.
• BNK 45/190 - kua tīpakohia mō te fariiraa i me te tukatuka i te rauemi tuanui mō tuanui.

Ngā āhuatanga e awe te momo o te rauemi huarahi

Uku ara, GOST e whakarato ana e rave rahi ngā momo o te taonga taua āhuatanga e maha ngā āhuatanga rerekē. Ia homai he tetahi te kounga o te rauemi.

Ko te nui tino o ratou, tautuhi i te whānuitanga o te uku e whakaaro te ukanga, wāhi tamarûraa, brittleness, e rarapa, pokey, āhuatanga piripiri.

whakatairanga pāmahana High te hua o te tohu o te uku, pokey. I roto i te rangi maeke ngaro te reira te kounga rauemi me te wa pa riro pakarukaru te rohe waiariki.

E tauturu te reira ki te whakapiki ake i te plasticity o te tua o te rauemi hinu. Ko te uku hinu atu huka, te teitei te kounga o tona piha haapiiraa.

rarapa pāmahana Ko hoki he take tino nui mō te rauemi pērā i uku rori. whakarato Paerewa he uara paerewa o tenei tawhā ki +200? C, me te runga ake. Te pāmahana kanapanapa atu, te kaihoko flammability raro.

ka tauturu i te auau adhesion ki mohio pehea te pai kapo mai mata uku turanga. Ko te teitei te score, te kaha pupuri i te rauemi i runga i te mata.

Ko te hangarau o te whakamahi i ngā rauemi

I roto i te hanga o nga rori, me te tahi atu whakaurunga, te uku mahana-ake hangarau. kawea ana tēnei tukanga i roto i roto i runga i etahi tikanga. Ko te tikanga o te whakamahi i te rauemi takoto i roto i nga āhuatanga o te taonga pērā i uku. GOST heheu ona āhuatanga tino nui.

Hei wera te rauemi e whakamahia ana i roto i te hanganga me te te hanga, he kohua motuhake ki taiepa matotoru o te whakarewa me te taupoki hermetically katinga. Ko te matotoru o te rauemi e tukua ki a ia te karo overcooking.

2/3 tank ki tonu. Uku i mua i tikiake wahia ki mongamonga rahi iti.

kawea whakawera i roto i runga i te ahi iti, ka rewa rauemi tae noa ki te papatipu ōrite. A, no te nekehia atu te mea ke te to ratou tatari motuhake. Rahui reheating pāmahana o 200? C.

Whakawera i te pāmahana o +160 ki +170? Rewa C uku hoki e pā ana ki 3 h. Ki te whakanui i koe i te reira ki te uara rohe, te tukanga whakawera ka kia 1 anake haora.

Uku hoki rori e kore e taea e tu ki te whakapiki ake i whakawera runga i +200? C, no te mea ka tupuheke ratou āhuatanga i tenei. A, no te 220? Tīmata C ki te hanga i Coke.

A, no te hua uku overheated paowa kōwhai-matomato kino, a ki runga ki pa i te rohe ki te +240? Kia ara te wahi i rauemi C. Katahi te taupoki o te kōhua tata ki tinei nga mura.

I muri pukā a rarapa ara uku riro te reira pakarukaru, me te kore pai hoki te mahi i roto i te hanganga hanga ranei.

Rokiroki me te transportation

Uku rokiroki e wahi i roto i kurawai motuhake. E rite rawa ana ratou ki tikanga faauru e hana taonga. Me whai tēnei tikanga te ara kai korohū motuhake mō te ārai rarapa kohu rauemi.

Hei noho tahanga whakaratohia nga waka tauā e i te raro o te pinakitanga.

Technique kawe ara uku wai, rite rawa ki te papua motuhake i mäminga rauemi.

Ki te kawea te rauemi i roto i te puka totoka, whakamahia puka tiango motuhake.

I roto i ngā waka, me te rokiroki whakaratohia ki ngā whakaritenga haumaru ahi katoa, ka rite ki pā ana ki te uku he pūkākā. Fakahoko nga tikanga katoa haumaru, kahore he wehi o te takanga o ngā āhuatanga ohorere i roto i te mahi ki tenei rauemi. I muri ako i te āhuatanga me ngā momo o te rauemi pai te taea faaohipa i te reira ki te hanga o ngā whakaurunga.

Uku - he taonga he 'ulungaanga pai pērā i ātete wai, kaha, pānga makariri nonsusceptibility, haruru iti me te waiariki mārama, me te iti kawenga o nāianei. Ngā mihi ki enei āhuatanga, ko reira he rauemi hanga rawa rongonui, me te pono.