Uruhanga - he aha te mea te reira? āhuatanga uruhanga

Uruhanga - he rauemi taonga ranei e kore e nui haere nāianei hiko. Kei te whiwhi taua kawe ia e tika ana ki te maha iti o irahiko me ngā katote. Ēnei matūriki e hanga e i roto i te rauemi whakahaerenga-kore anake, no te nga āhuatanga tiketike-pāmahana. Ko te take i ka kia kōrero te insulator taua me i roto i tenei tuhinga.

whakaahuatanga

Ia kaiwhakahaere hiko Radiotechnical ranei, Semiconductor insulator ranei i ako e tika ana i te nāianei hiko, engari āhuatanga uruhanga e reira noa i ngaohiko nui i runga i 550 V ka turuturu i te nui iti o nāianei. nāianei Electric i roto i te insulator - ko reira te nekehanga o matūriki i ako i roto i te tetahi te aronga (kia kia pai kino ranei).

momo o ngā

I te ngakau o te kawe ia uruhanga he:

• Absorption o nāianei - nāianei i rere i roto i te uruhanga i te nāianei tamau noa Na, tae noa ki tae te reira i te āhua taurite, te huri te aronga me te ka te ngaohiko supply ki reira me ka motu. A, no te tauutuutu kaha o nāianei i roto i te uruhanga i nga wa katoa ka reira i roto i reira, he mea tonu i roto i te mara hiko.
• kawe ia hiko - neke irahiko i raro i te mana o te parae.
• kawe ia katote - tohu te kaupapa o ngā katote. Kei te reira i roto i te rongoā kawehiko - tai, waikawa, houra, me te i roto i te maha dielectrics.
• Molionnaya kawe ia - te kaupapa o matūriki i ako i huaina molionami. Kei roto i ngā pūnaha colloidal, rare me te aukati. huaina Molionov tītohunga o nekehanga i roto i te mara hiko te electrophoresis.

rauemi tuuraa i Whakaröpütia e te kāwanatanga o te whakawhāititanga me te āhua matū. Ko te wehea ki te totoka, wai, haurehu waihā me te whakapakeketia tuatahi. E ai ki te āhua matū e wehea ki organics, inorganics me ngā rauemi organometallic.

dielectrics kawe kī o te whakawhāititanga:

• hau kawe ia. I roto i te matū haurehu waihā āriponga feunga iti nāianei. Ka taea e puta te reira i roto i te aroaro o noa matūriki i ako, e puta tika ana ki te mana o ngā āhuatanga o waho, me te ā katote, me te hiko: X-ray radiation me momo iratuki, tukinga o ngā rāpoi ngota me matūriki i ako, ngā āhuatanga waiariki.
• kawenga hiko o te inu uruhanga. Maurutanga: hanganga o te rāpoi ngota, te pāmahana, te poke, te aroaro o utu nui o irahiko me ngā katote. Kawe o dielectrics wai tei runga i te aroaro o te houku me poke. hanga āriponga o hiko te matū atu neke ki te wai ki te katote dissociated. I roto i te whakatairite i te fluids neke, me te kore-neke, he painga motuhake i roto i te kawe ia tuatahi i. Ki te he mārama i poke te wai, ka whai wāhi ai ki te whakaiti o tona taonga haere tonu. Ki te tupu o te kawe ia o te taonga wai me te pāmahana whakaiti ona ona pokey puta, e arata'i ki nui haere nekeneke katote.
• dielectrics Solid. meinga ratou electroconductivity te rite te kaupapa o whakatupato matūriki uruhanga me poke. I roto i te mara kaha hiko kitea kawe ia o nāianei.

Ko te āhuatanga ōkiko o dielectrics

A, no te taea te pēnei te resistivity o te rauemi rite ki iti iho i te 10-5 Ohm * m ki te conductors. Ki te neke atu i te 108 Ohm * m - ki te dielectrics. He wā i reira he maha ngā wā nui atu te ātete o te kaiwhakahaere te resistivity. I roto i te whānuitanga o 10-5-108 Ohm * m ko te Semiconductor. rauemi konganuku - he pēne pai o nāianei hiko.

O te taka pūmotu katoa o ngā āhuatanga, 25 anake e-konganuku kore, me 12 o ratou e pea kia ki ngā āhuatanga Semiconductor. Ko, o te akoranga, ki te kahore hoki te tepu o matū, i reira he tonu maha alloys, tito ranei pūhui matū ki taonga kaiwhakahaere, Semiconductor uruhanga ranei. Nä, he reira uaua ki te kawe i roto i etahi matū rerekē herea o ratou parenga. Hei tauira, i te iti pāmahana tauwehe Semiconductor ka whakahaere rite uruhanga.

tono

Ko te whakamahi o ngā rauemi whakahaerenga-kore ko te tino whānui, ko reira tetahi o nga akomanga paingia whakamahia o ngā wāhanga hiko. Kua riro te reira i tino mārama e taea te whakamahi e ratou i nga āhuatanga o te puka kaha, me te hāngū.

I roto i te āhuatanga uruhanga puka hāngū whakamahia mō te tono i roto i electrically te tuuraa i rauemi.

I roto i te puka hohe, e whakamahia ratou i roto i te ferroelectric me i roto i te hangarau rauemi mō emitters taiaho.

dielectrics matua

Hoki pinepine puta momo ngā:

• Karāhe.
• Rubber.
• Oil.
• Uku.
• Porcelain.
• Te kiripaka.
• Air.
• Diamond.
• wai Clean.
• Kirihou.

He aha te mea he wai uruhanga?

Ko te vahiraa o tenei momo puta i roto i te mara o te nāianei hiko. Wai rawa kore-conductive whakamahia i roto i te toi mō te maka ana impregnating rauemi ranei. E 3 ngā akomanga o dielectrics wai:

hinu hinu - he iti-pokey, me te nuinga kore-neke. Kei te maha whakamahia ratou i roto i te taputapu nui-ngaohiko: hinu hiko, te wai tiketike. hinu hiko - he uruhanga kore-neke. Cable hinu i whakamahia i roto i te impregnation o te tuuraa waea pepa-ngaohiko ki a ratou ki runga ki te 40 kV, me te paninga hāngai whakarewa-ki te nāianei o neke atu i te 120 kV. hinu hiko he mea whakarite ki te pūnga he hanganga kupenga. Kei te whakamahia whānuitia ana tēnei momo o te insulator i hanga, ahakoa te utu tiketike whakaritea ki matū tairitenga me ngā rauemi.

He aha te mea he insulator waihanga? I reira tata nga wahi katoa ka whakakahore ia, no te mea o te tāoke tiketike i hanga i runga i te pūtake o te waro chlorinated. He wai uruhanga, e hāngai ana i runga i te silicon organic, he haumaru, me te taiao. e kore e tenei momo meinga waikura whakarewa me te āhuatanga o te hygroscopicity iti. He whakaiti insulator ngā pūhui organofluorine i te mea tino rongonui no o ratou incombustibility, āhuatanga waiariki me te oxidative pūmautanga.

Kotahi titiro whakamutunga, te reira hinu huawhenua. E ngonge ratou dielectrics neke, enei ngā linseed, Katoro, Tung, hēhami. Ko te tino wera Castor hinu, me te te whakamahia i roto i ngā pūnga pepa. Ko te hinu toe - te ahua. reira meinga whakaetonga te kore whakaetonga tūturu, he tauhohenga matū i huaina polymerization. Tino whakamahia i roto i te enamels me peita.

mutunga

arotakengia tēnei tuhinga i roto i taipitopito, he aha te insulator. momo rerekē me o ratou āhuatanga kua whakahuatia. O te akoranga, ki te matau i te tinihanga o to ratou āhuatanga, he mea e tika ana ki te tūhura anō te peka o te ahupūngao e pā ana ki a ratou.