VNO - he aha te mea tenei?

I teie mahana, pea, e kore e tutaki koe i te tangata e kore e mohio ki ta pheromones. Perfume ki pheromones, "faahemaraa hā" me te kakara o te aroha - e whakamahia whānuitia e marketers me pānui ngā. pūnaha olfactory e te kawenga mō te rapunga o tohu matū ahua e pā ana ki instincts fakasekisualé, me te whaea, whakahaere te neuroendocrine me ngā urupare whanonga, ka karanga te vomeronasal. Na te tari matua o te receptor o tenei pūnaha - te okana vomeronasal. Te kawenga mō te pāhekoheko o te rauropi o te taua momo, te reira tata i kitea i roto i te tangata, a whakamatauria tona tūranga hira i roto i auaha i te reflexes whanonga.

Affair ki pheromones

ka anga te reira i katoa i roto i te tau 1870, ka te kaikoiora French Jean-Henri Casimir Fabre mahue (1823-1915) poto he taiwhanga pūrerehua. I muri hoki mai ki te taiwhanga, ka kite ia i kua huihui te matapihi he torutoru pūrerehua tane. A i roto i nga mea katoa ruma kihai ia i ahei te tu ki te wahine, te tane aru ia te wa katoa. Na te ariā o "attractors" i roto i te koiora - he taonga e miramira te wahine ki te kukume tane. Anake i roto i te 1959, ka whiwhi nui mōhiotanga o volatiles me ratou tūranga i roto i te whanonga whakaputa uri o te entomologist Swiss Martin Lüscher (1917-1979) whakaurua te ariā o "pheromones" (pheromone), rite i hanga te wā kei te i te hanumi, o nga kupu Kariki "whakawhiti" me " ki te whakatenatena. "

Pheromones tipu me ngā kararehe

koiora Modern i raro i tenei wā tikanga o te he rōpū o pūhui te ahua matū e hua tipu, me te kararehe hoki kōrero, kïia e me te whakaongaonga fakasekisualé. e kore e tika i te tikanga fakasekisualé Pheromones, ahakoa tenei wahi o ratou mahi i te ngaro te nuinga me ngā. I runga i te uara ka taea e waiho ratou rohe (tohu rohe kararehe), kaiarahi (whakaatu popokorua ara te hoa), repellents (otaota emit te matū tohu i roto i te whawhai o pests) me te tini ke atu. tawhiti te pheromone parakore tuatahi i roto i 1956 ka ko he silkworm attractant Butterfly kaha - i akina atu e ia te tane kia whiua parirau "ngokingoki kanikani" i roto i te pota tino iti. Kei te whakapono te reira e te mea e tohatoha tetahi pūrerehua wahine tonu te rakau katoa o te pheromone, ka taea e kukume reira he trillion tane. Kia reira pheromones, i reira kia waiho he pūnaha mo ratou perception.

Evolution olfaction vomeronasal

puta VNO tuatahi i roto i amphibians, kararehe i roto i tenei pūnaha ko kē wahi o te io motuhake, me te umanga, ngohe, oko toto me repe. Ko te embryogenesis o tenei tinana ko i ngā rōpū katoa o amphibians me ki te tangata. I roto i te kararehe pakeke he rerekē i rere kaha (amphibians, nakahi, ngeru, kuri) ki te heke me te tapeke ngaro o (tohorā, aihe, pekapeka) tona whanaketanga.

okana o Jacobson

E rua rau tau ki muri, Ludwig Dane Jacobson (1783-1843) whakaahuatia te rōpū o ngā pūtau kei roto i te wheua o te angaanga i waenganui i te ihu me te waha. Ēnei moutere receptors atu atu i olfactory me reka, i muri ka karanga te okana vomeronasal. okana o Jacobson i whakaahuatia i roto i ngā ngārara, nakahi, kiore, mōkai. Matuku, ētahi wā paku tuwhera ngeru mangai, me te mea, grimacing. Kei te whakapono te reira e faarahi i tenei rere o te hau ki te okana vomeronasal i roto i te ngeru. Ko te nakahi ake i te tirohanga o nekehanga pheromones paneke o te arero. Na reira, ka hanga te nakahi he kaupapa taua - e kore e ngana ana te reira ki te whakawehi koe, hongi ia koutou.

okana vomeronasal Human

Hoki te wa roa i whakaaro ai e te tangata, enei motu o ngā pūtau tairongo he anake i roto i te āhua embryonic, a ka ngaro ratou. I roto i te 1703, he taote hōia Frederick Ruysch (1638-1731) whakaahuatia te rua rerekē o te hoia ki te patunga ki te ihu. A i roto i te 1891, kua te rata French Potike (1841-1903) kitea te okana vomeronasal i roto i te 25% o te 200 tūroro ruritia. ngā tini me te histological rangahau peka o te koiora. Na i tenei ra i roto i te hapori pūtaiao reira he tautohenga e pā ana ki te tūranga o te okana vomeronasal, me ora a ona iwi, i oti whakakāhoretanga o tona oraraa, ara i roto i ngā pakeke he tino ki te whakanui i tona uara.

motu Tairongo Jacobson

VNO - takai kuiti, roa o te torutoru mitamano, kapi katoa ki te epithelium tairongo. Ko ratou i runga i ngā taha e rua o te pakitara wehewehe nasal (te wheua i te pūtahitanga o te pakitara wehewehe nasal me mangai huaina Vomero), matara rawa atu i te rohe olfactory. I roto i te tangata, te okana vomeronasal o kakara aroaro te poka iti (1 mm te whānui) e atu te roa ngongo o 2 ki te 10 mitamano. He tino rerekē i roto i te iwi katoa nga āhuatanga o te tinana, a taea te huri i puta noa te ora. He he i roto i te iwi katoa, me te i roto i tane e rua. hanga Histology o te okana vomeronasal kei ake o te epithelium receptor ki neurons rongo nei axons whakamutu i roto i te amygdala - he wāhi ngā o te roro rite te wahi o te hypothalamus.

pumanawa motuhake

He aha te mea te rerekētanga o te okana vomeronasal o te tikanga o te kakara? kawea kakara i roto i roto i te pūtau epithelial o nga sinuses nasal, kua tahuri ai te faaitoitoraa matū ki te pūtau io hiko, me te tuku ki te uho kaka. Here i reira he tātari tohu me te kite reo me te whakapakoko hanganga. Kua Kei te mutunga o te neurons vomeronasal i roto i te amygdala - te wāhi, i te kawenga mō te huru me te aau, a kahore e pā te uho kaka. Ko Ko te aha e kore e taea te whakaahuatia enei attractants pheromones ranei ka mahi anake i runga i te taumata ta'oto.

"- te whaea o te tamaiti" pūnaha

Ko te tūranga o te olfaction vomeronasal i roto i te whanaunga i waenganui i te whaea, me tona kuao whakamatauria i roto i ngā kararehe. Young kararehe emit pheromones motuhake e whakaongaonga te faaiteraa o te instincts whaea o te wahine. Tangohanga o te VNO i roto i uwha arata'i ki te inhibition whakaari o te whanonga whaea. He ko he ariā e taea te whakararuraru, fakasekisualé me faatîtîraa takatāpui i roto i te tangata whakaputa rahunga i te taumata o hormones takoto i roto i te hapū o te whaea. Kei te ruarua i matau tonu tenei rohe o te pūnaha olfactory mahi vomeronasal me waha ana te rota o ngā āhuatanga.

okana Vomeronasal me te kōwhiringa o te hoa

whakamārama Pānga roto i te ta'oto te ngoikore ki te whakahaere i hae, hiahia, mamae o te aroha, whaiāipo me te weriweri. kiri tangata, rawa nga hipi nasolabial me peke - ko te wheketere pheromone. E tata koreami ratou, engari tautuhi ratou te perception roto vomeronasal te tono hoa fakasekisualé, me te whakatau ko wai tatou mils, a kahore nei e. He kawenga mō te aroha i titiro tuatahi, ki te kia tangohia, ko te haunga tuatahi e pheromones sex. Te tai'oraa i te pānga o pheromones i runga i te tangata ka anga ki te 1990, engari i tenei ra i reira he taunakitanga tūturu o ratou tūranga i roto i te auaha whanonga fakasekisualé. pheromones kitea e hanga i whakakonekone fakasekisualé ki te kati whanaunga, me te ārai i tahanga. pheromones tāutuhia, e hua te whaea kōmata, a ka mohio te tamaiti rite te wahi te waiu, me ranei he reira mama. He pheromones e marino, whakaiti pēhanga toto, me te whakaiti i te auau ngakau.

tukutahitanga o te ora

Kei te experimentally whakamatauria reira, ka noho i roto i te rohe taua ranei ara i roto i te whāiti o te wāhi o te torutoru nga wahine i roto ia ratou i reira he he tukutahi o huringa paheketanga (Ahorangi. March McClintock, University o Chicago, 1970). kawea Mana o te huringa i roto i te tikanga o te maha hormones, e mahi rite he tohu mō te whakaputa pheromones rerekē. Ina e, heke te rerekētanga i roto i te rā o te tīmatanga o te paheketanga i roto i nga wahine te me, i roto i te mutunga, haere mai ki nga huringa o konä. whakaatu me ngā i runga i te kararehe enei hua.

tātai hōkakatanga

whakahaeretia tētahi atu whakamātau pūtaiao Czech arahina e Jan Galvichekom. I roto i te marama, wahine i araia hoki ki te whakamahi i deodorant, a i raro i te ringa kakahu ratou Pads. Kua ui ēnei Pads ki te whakamātau i nga tangata mā te tīpako i te ātaahua tino o ratou. E ai ki nga hua o te rongonui tino ko te haunga o wahine e i roto i te tukanga o te urunga ki kano, e te mea i roto i te āhua o te hihiko ki te hapu. E whakaatu kotahi ano te whakaaro nui o te natura i roto i te whakahaere o te ora i runga i te whenua.

"Ko te kakara o te riri"

e kore e mutu Scientists ki te rapu hoki i te whakauru ngaro e ka apu i te ara ki te ngakau o te hoa, me te kia taea ki te mau tonu i te hononga whaiāipo. Hinu ki pheromones he kahore ohorere. He rota o kamupene me corporations whakapuaki ratou hua rite kei roto pheromones me kua te taonga o te kukume i te takoto te ritenga. Kua puritia te mea ngaro o te hanga me te hanganga o whakakakara i pakeke i te whakawhirinaki. A e kore koe e taea e whakapono i roto i te aonga o te pheromone waihanga, engari nga meka mo ratou korero.

Te tikanga mo te romance

faaite Pānga o hormones waihanga ahorangi o te hinengaro whakamātau Paerewa McCoy o te University o San Francisco. Test taputapu e ka meinga atu whaiāipo ora, whakaekea 30 māngai o te sex ataahua i roto i te tau i 19 ki te 48 tau. whakamātautau Daily me te mana (te whakamahi i placebo) rōpū tāpiri ki to ratou taonga hua kakara dropwise. E toru huringa paheketanga ka whakarapopototia hua. 74% o ngā kaiuru nei whakamahia pheromones waihanga, nui haere mahi fakasekisualé, i roto i te rōpū mana, ko te ahua 24%.

Otiia pheromones waihanga he anake te arai rangitahi i raro i huna i to tatou ngako te. Ahakoa i roto i ngā ki kararehe whakatika whanonga fakasekisualé kore anake i roto i te riringi pheromones, engari te aroaro o takitahi o te takoto te ritenga. I tua atu, i te "ono o tikanga" no te mea, me te tuaono, e whakawhirinaki tatou ka kōwhiri i te hoa, e kore anake ki runga ki a ia, engari ano hoki i runga i te toenga o to tatou mau ite e rima. Titiro hoki te hoa te whakamahi i pheromones waihanga whakawhirinaki i runga i te mooni ngā ranei - whiriwhiri koe.