Whaiaro-ture i roto i te koiora - reira ... te ariā o te whaiaro ture-o ngā pūnaha ora

Whaiaro-ture i roto i te koiora - he reira tetahi o nga āhuatanga tino nui o ngā pūnaha ora ko te tāutanga, me te tautoko o te tetahi taumata e hiahiatia ana mō ngā tawhā mahi noa aunoa. Ko te ngako o te tukanga ko e kore e kore awenga waho kaiwhakahaere. āhuatanga ārahi huri i hanga i roto i te pūnaha whaiaro-ture, ka whai wāhi ki te hanganga o te taurite hihiri. I puta ake i tenei tukanga pea o te āhua hurihanga, me te whakakā anō memenge rite kotuituitanga ngaro o etahi tikanga ranei.

Whaiaro-ture: te hiranga o te wā koiora

Tetahi pūnaha ora, i te pūtau, me te whakamutu biogeocenosis, tonu kitea ki te waho o ngā āhuatanga. Te huri i nga tikanga pāmahana, mutu haumākū kai interspecies tightened ranei whakataetae - tauira papatipu. Ko te kupu te noho tuwhera tonu o tetahi pūnaha tei runga i tona kaha ki te mau tonu i te taiao ā-tonu (homeostasis). Ko reira ki te whakatutuki i taua he whāinga, me i reira he whaiaro ture-. fakahu'unga te whakamāramatanga e kore e āhuatanga rongo tika huringa i roto i te taiao. E tahuri ratou ki tohu e meinga he tāne i ngā, me arahi ki te whakarewatanga o tikanga whaiaro ture-ki te kawe i te pūnaha hoki ki te āhua pūmau. I ia taumata o tenei pāhekoheko take titiro reira rerekē, na roto i te tikanga ki te matau te mana-whaiaro aha, kia ratou i roto i te kōrero atu.

Taumata o te whakahaere o te ora mea

piri pūtaiao Modern ki te ariā, rite ki nei taonga taiao, me te pāpori katoa he pūnaha. ngā ratou o huānga motuhake, tonu pāhekoheko i runga i te tahi mau ture. Ora ahanoa te kahore okotahi ki tenei tikanga, he hoki ratou pūnaha me ona ake nahanaha ā, me te taumata-maha hanganga. Ano, ko te hanganga o taua mea kua he āhuatanga ngā. wā kotahi e taea ia pūnaha e he mema o te taumata teitei, me te kia töpü (i.e. te pūnaha taua katoa) nga taumata kia raro. Hei tauira, rakau - huānga rakau me te pūnaha wā kotahi multicellular.

I roto i te tikanga ki te karo whakama, i roto i te koiora te tikanga whakaaro wha taumata taketake o te whakahaere o te hunga ora:

• Genetics rāpoi;
• ontogenetic (organismal - i pūtau ki te tangata);
• taupori-momo;
• biogeocenotic (taumata hauropi).

tikanga whaiaro ture-

Ngā tukanga e tupu i ia o enei taumata titiro tauine rerekē, te puna pūngao me ona hua, engari rite i roto i te natura. I te ngakau o ratou ko te taua tikanga o ngā pūnaha whaiaro ture-. Tuatahi o te katoa, ko reira he tikanga urupare. Ko reira e wātea ana i roto i te rua ngā: pai, me te kino. A haamana'o na e te hononga tika tā te whakawhiti o te mōhiohio i wae pūnaha tetahi ki tetahi, rere te tahatua i roto i te huarahi i te ritenga, i te tuarua ki te tuatahi. I te wa ano, ka ia ko te atu taui te āhua o te wae tangohanga.

arata'i urupare takatika ki te meka e te tukanga, i tuatahi korerotia tuarua te huānga, i whakaritea, me te haere tonu ki te kia kawea i roto i. Ko te tukanga rite i te matua o tetahi tupu me te whanaketanga. Kei te tonu tohua te huānga tuarua tuatahi i runga i te hiahia ki te haere tonu i te tukanga taua. A, no te ohorere tenei pūnaha te pūmautanga.

Ko te tikanga matua

I roto i te tahi atu mahi i te urupare tōraro. arata'i te reira i ki te putanga o huringa hou, o nei korerotia te ritenga atu te huānga tuatahi o te tuarua. Ka rite ki te hua, whakakorea, ka whakamutu tukanga, whakakorikoria te taurite, me riro eu ano te pūnaha. He faaauraa ohie - mahi rino: te pāmahana kitea he he tohu mō te whakawhiti atu i te huānga whakawera. urupare tōraro ko te pūtake o te tukanga katoa whai wāhi i roto i te pupuri homeostasis.

hohonu

Whaiaro-ture i roto i te koiora - he tukanga e puta noa katoa o enei taumata. Ko tōna whakaaro - ki te tiaki i te toenga hihiri o te taiao ā-. No te mea o te whakauru o te tukanga i te pokapū o na maha wāhanga pūtaiao māori he whaiaro ture-. I roto i te koiora, tenei cytology, whaiaroaro, kararehe, me te whakato mātauranga rauropi. Ia o nga pekanga whai wāhi i roto i te taumata takitahi. A feruri e taua whaiaro-ture, i nga taumata matua o te whakahaere o te ora.

taumata intracellular

I roto i ia pūtau ki te mau tonu i te toenga ukauka o te taiao ā-o nga tikanga matū e te nuinga whakamahia. I roto ia ratou he wāhi pokapū i roto i te ture o ira tākaro mana i runga i nei, tei te hanga o te pūmua.

Kei te ngāwari kitea te āhua huringa o te tukanga i roto i te mutunga enzymatic mekameka o ngā hua repressed. Ko te whakaaro o nga mahi o taua hinonga i te tukatuka o matū matatini ki ohie. I roto i tenei take he rite i roto i te hanganga ki te whākōkī tuatahi i roto i te mekameka te hua mutunga. he wāhi matua i roto i te whakaū i homeostasis tenei taonga nui. herea ana te hua ki te paru, me te inhibits tona mahi rite ki te hua o te huringa kaha hanganga. puta tenei i muri i anake rawa te kukū fakataimí o matū taumata whakaaetia. Ka rite ki te hua, mutu reira te tukanga FERMENTATION me whakamahia te hua oti e te pūtau mo ona ake hiahia. I muri i te tahi mau wa, taka te taumata o te rauemi i raro i te uara whakaaetia. Ko te tohu ki te tīmata i te FERMENTATION tenei: pūmua tuimotu i tukanga inhibition whākōkī mutu me tīmata katoa i runga i ano.

te whakanui ake matatini

Kei te hāngai tonu whaiaro-ture i roto i te taiao i runga i te parau tumu o te urupare, me te tikanga e wahi i roto i te tauira e rite. Heoi, i roto i ia o te taumata i muri, i reira he āhuatanga e haafifi i te tukanga. Hoki ngā pūtau tamau nui o te taiao ā-, te pupuri i te uara motuhake o te kukū o ngā matū rerekē. I te taumata i muri o te tukanga whaiaro ture-hangaia te ki te whakaoti i te rota atu raruraru. Na reira, i roto i te rauropi multicellular reira he pūnaha katoa e tautoko homeostasis. Tenei pūnaha romahā, tohatoha, tohanga me te rite. Ko te ako o te kukuwhatanga o otaota me ngaa kararehe ngāwari hanga mārama reira e rite te matatini o te hanganga me te taiao o waho ki te whakapai ake i te huarahi o te whaiaro ture-.

taumata organismal

He pai ki te taiao ā-tamau tonu te roto i te kararehe whāngote. Pūtake mō te whanaketanga o te whaiaro ture-a tona whakatinanatanga - he pūnaha io, me te humoral. Tonu pāhekoheko, whakahaere ratou i te tukanga e puta ana i roto i te tinana, whai wāhi ki te hanganga me te tiaki o te tauritenga hihiri. Ka whiwhi te roro tohu i te muka io reira i roto i ia tinana. Tenei mōhiohio piki ano i te repe endocrine. whai wāhi te hononga o te ture io me hormonal maha whakatikatika tata inamata o te tukanga.

urupare

Ka taea te kite i mahi pūnaha i roto i te pupuri pēhanga toto. huringa katoa i roto i tenei tohu hopu receptors motuhake kei i runga i oko toto. He hua ranei heke i roto i te pēhanga pānga te mānukanuka o te taiepa o tōiti, uaua me pera. Ko te i runga i enei huringa me ariu receptors. tuku te tohu kei te ki te pokapū iaia, ka puta "tohu" o e founga ki te whakatika i te āhua o nga oko, me te ngakau i reira. Tūhono me te pūnaha o te ture neurohumoral. Ka rite ki te hua, hoki te pēhanga ki noa. Ko reira ohie ki te mōhio e te pūtake o te pūnaha kapa ture ko tonu te huarahi urupare taua.

I te matenga o te katoa

Whaiaro-ture, te whakamāramatanga o etahi whakatikatika ki ngā mahi a te tinana, niu nei i te huringa katoa o te tinana, ona tauhohe ki akiaki waho. pānga te ahotea me te ahotea tamau taea arahi ki hypertrophy o etahi whēkau. E whakawhanakehia tauira o tenei uaua o kaitäkaro, ka nui haere inapō freediving marama. Ko te maha Mārakerake ki te ahotea i te mate. Hypertrophy o te ngakau - he āhuatanga auau i roto i te iwi ki te tātaritanga o te mōmona. Ko te whakautu a te tinana ki te hiahia ki te whakapiki ake i te kawenga i runga i ki te kutētē i te toto tenei.

takoto tikanga whaiaro ture-i te pūtake o ngā urupare whaiaroaro e puta ina wehi. Ka rite ki maka toto te nui nui o te Adrenaline taiki, e ai te maha o ngā rerekētanga: he hua i roto i te kohi hāora, ake i te nui o te kūhuka, auau ngakau nui haere me te roopu o te pūnaha musculoskeletal. te tiaki i te toenga katoa te tika ki te utunga o te mahi o ētahi atu wāhanga, pōturi nakunaku, ngaro reflexes fakasekisualé.

taurite hihiri

Me kï reira e homeostasis, i mea katoa taumata kia tonu ai reira, kahore he tino. tonu ngā tawhā katoa o te taiao ā-i roto i te tetahi āputa o ngā uara, me te tāngata tonu. Na reira, e korero e pā ana ki te taurite hihiri o te pūnaha. He nui i konei e kore e te uara o te tawhā ngā haere ki tua atu i te rerekē kauhanga pera-ka karanga te reira, te kore e taea e te tukanga hei pathological.

Sustainability me whaiaro ture-hauropi

Biogeocoenosis (hauropi) Kei o e rua ngā hanganga hono: biocenosis me biotope. Ko te tuatahi tohu he fakakātoa 'o te mea ora o te rohe. Biotope - nga āhuatanga nonliving taiao wahi ora biocenosis. E wehea tikanga taiao, e pa ana tonu rauropi ki ngā rōpū e toru:

• āhuatanga taiao abiotic: pāmahana, marama, haumākū me ētahi atu āhuatanga o te āhua ora ore;
• aahuatanga āhuatanga taiao: te pānga o tetahi kaiao ki te atu, wehea e te whakataetae, symbiosis, te pirinoatanga, me te konihitanga;
• āhuatanga taiao horonga - te rongo ki te tangata.

Rokiroki te tikanga homeostasis toko i te ora o ngā kaiao i roto i te taiao tonu o waho, me te rerekē haere ngā āhuatanga ā-. tautoko Biogeocoenosis te matua e hāngai ana ture-whaiaro i runga i te pūnaha o ngā hononga arataukai. Ko ratou he mekameka āhua kati e ai rere pūngao. Ngä (tipu me te hemobakterii) te fariiraa i te reira i te ra ranei i tauhohe matū, te hanga ki reira te mea organic e he consuments whangai (herbivores, kaikiko, pau) e rave rahi whakahau o nui. He kaiwhakapopo i te wā whakamutunga o te huringa (huakita, etahi momo o kutukutu) e popo mea organic ki ona huānga wāhanga. Ratou tomo kotahi ano ki te pūnaha i roto i te puka o te kai mo te kaihanga.

whakarite te tamau o te huringa e te meka e rave rahi momo o nga mea ora ko i nga taumata. I te ngaronga o te mekameka o etahi o ratou e whakakapia i rite i roto i o ratou mahi.

mahi waho

Te pupuri i homeostasis tahi e te rongo tonu ki te waho. Te huri a tawhio tikanga rauwiringa kaiao arahi ki te hiahia ki te whakarite tukanga ā-roto. Te tautuhi i te maha o ngā paearu whakapūmautanga:

• pūmanawa uri High me whārite o takitahi;
• urutaunga kaiao takitahi ki te huri ngā āhuatanga taiao;
• momo kanorau me mekameka kai branched.

E hāngai ki te tiaki o te rauwiringa kaiao i roto i te āhua o te taurite hihiri enei tikanga e toru. Ko te kupu, whaiaro-ngā taumata biogeocoenose i roto i te koiora - he uri o te kararehe, te tiaki o te taupori me te āhuatanga taiao pūmautanga. Ko te kupu, kia rite i roto i te take o te kaiao takitahi, te toenga pūnaha e taea kore e pūmau.

Ko te ariā o te whaiaro ture-o ngā pūnaha ora tohatoha whakaahuatia tauira me i hapori tangata me pūtahi tūmatanui. whakamahia whānuitia ōna mātāpono me te hinengaro. I roto i te meka, ko tetahi o te ariā taketake o te pūtaiao hou tenei.