Whakapakari maitai: māka, GOST, kaha piha haapiiraa. anga maitai

Kei te mana i huaina e kore e pera whakapakari maitai: ki te ako koe i te GOST 5781-82, he reira taea ki te kitea i roto i te mea tangi te ingoa tika rite "Hot ngā puai Concrete mō". Heoi, ko roa rawa te ingoa, na i roto i te taiao ngaio i hohoro heke ki te "ngā" mere. He mārama, me māmā me te tere tenei.

mōhiohio whānui

Kua Whakaaetia whakarato etahi akomanga ngā. E hāngai ana te wehenga kei i runga i te paearu e whai ake nei:

• kōtaha wā;
• tawhā aunoa.

Whakapakari maitai Ko te akomanga e whai ake nei:

• AII.
• AIII.
• AIV.
• AV.

No te maha o nga tau, i te mākete, ko te tono āhua nui mō te whakapakari A500S maitai kōeke. Ki te tirohia e koe i te GOST 5781-82, e kore e reira e taea ki te kitea te whakaahuatanga rite ia i roto i o ratou tawhā. E hangaia ēnei hua ki te takotoranga o nga paerewa e whai ake nei:

• Što AISU 7-93;
• ngā whakaritenga.

he Waeine pūnaha taua, e kua whakarōpūtia ki ngā kāwai, wera-hurihia whakapakari maitai o kōtaha wā, whakaurua hinonga mahi i roto i te mara o te metallurgy ferrous. E tahoê ratou i roto i te rōpū kotahi, kua whakahaeretia tae atu i te whanaketanga o ngā ture mo te hanga o te taonga e.

take motuhake

Whakaahuatia whakapakari A500S maitai - e kore ko reira anake te okotahi i roto i te ao o ngā hua wera-hurihia. Hoki, kia aro motuhake kia utua piha AI e i roto i ISO taea te whakaritea rite te A240. He āhuatanga matua - he kōtaha kiko. Ko te rauemi raw whakamahia mō te maitai hanga tukanga 3 SP (PS). Diameter me ine i reira mo tetahi hua ki te kōtaha maeneene e whakaritea e GOST 2590-88. rai ano tenei tuhinga tika awhiowhio ture mō ngā take whānui.

hua whakapakari maitai maeneene e i roto i te hōputu e whai ake nei:

• tutaki;
• kokoru.

Ka taea e te coils te kitea i te āhuatanga 6 ki te 14 mm (te ware - 2 mm). Ko ahua whānui te kōwhiringa o tutaki ngā. Ko te diameter iti taea - 16 mm, me te nui rawa e wātea ana - 40 mm. Mai i 16 ki te 22 mm te ware ko 2 mm, i 25 ki te 40 mm te nui haere ki te toru.

Pehea me te aha?

hiahiatia waitohu A240 maitai whakapakari i te i roto i te hanga, me te tahi atu wāhi i reira te whakamahi o whakapakaritia hanganga raima, rite tono ki to ratou ngā. Ētahi tohunga kōrero ki tenei kāwai o ngā rauemi "koropiko", rite hanga whare whakamahia ki te hanga i te āhuatanga koropiko-rite, whakaū hua i hanga o te raima whakapakaritia. Ko tino nui tenei, no te tukua te te huānga i te hanganga matua o te waka rererangi. Hot-whakataka whakapakari maitai A1 mo te hanga huānga, whakamāmā i te utanga o poraka oti, transportation, me te unloading. I tua atu, i te pae hanga kia ngāwari ki te hono tahi te ngā āhuatanga.

Waitohu ngā te AI, me te a tawhio noa, he mea e tika ana mo te whānui o whakaaro ngā. E hanga ki tona whakamahi:

• taiepa;
• taonga;
• taunu.

Porohitatia me whare whakarewa A1, ki te e hanga e ratou i roto i runga i te paerewa motuhake e whakamahia rite ngā rauemi raw: kotahi e taea e wahia te waea. Pea ki te hanga motupaika pūkete:

• wā;
• maheni.

Ki te whakapakari te tipu he te taputapu e tika ana, ka kia mahi i te A1 maitai mo te hanga o ngā hua ngā i runga i lathes mira ranei. machined Material.

E kapea paerewa

Mau a'oraa e pā ana ki te aha kia te parahi whakaū, GOST 5781,82. E ai ki ngā, te waro i roto i te hanganga o te whakarewa ai kia kore atu i te 0.3%, anake ka tono mo te hua raima. Whare whakamahia hoki te rauemi raw mua riaka te, me te mo te mau.

Ki te whakamahia raima whakapakaritia te, tīpakohia te mua pretreatment kukū, me te, te whakaū kei te pērā e te makona akakoromaki i te kawenga nui e te hunga āhuatanga o tenei reo. Tikanga, Ko te tino nui te ngaohiko, e titau e te whakarewa takirere he kaha nui, me te te hangaia tino i pakari maitai. Ki te whakamahia te waea te, na he tono tiketike hoki tona kaha.

Ki te ka whakamahia wera-whakataka maitai whakapakari i roto i ngā hanganga kore raro ki te riaka ka whakaaetia ki te whakamahi i tētahi rauemi noa. Hea e hāngai ana nga māka maitai e whai ake nei:

• CT3.
• ST5.

Hoki prestressing parahi ko te nuinga o whakatupato ki te waro ihirangi:

• toharite;
• tiketike.

taea hoki te whakamahi ngā maitai, te thermally tukinotia ki te whakapiki ake i ngā tawhā kaha.

Steel: He aha e koe?

I hanga ki te kounga whakapakari maitai, GOST 5781,82 taunaki tango pakari maitai:

• waro;
• koranu iti.

He maha ngā rama e e hāngai ana ki ngā momo rerekē o te rauemi mea. Ka rite ki te tikanga, te kiritaki te tuku i te tikanga ki te whakaū tipu tohu te rauemi raw hiahia ia i nei ki te kite i te hua oti. Ki te taua kupu tohutohu e kore kua te kaiwhakanao riro, na te hinonga te waihangatanga takitahi hanga he whakatau i roto i te manakohia o te kē tino pai mo te momo ngā o te hua. I roto i ngā, i hanga hoki te A800 ki te whakamahi i te rama e whai ake nei:

• 22H2G2AYU.
• 22H2G2R.
• 20H2G2SR.

He aha atu nui?

A, no te me kia tīpakohia hanga unstressed hanganga raima i nga akomanga o te tuatahi ki te toru me te teitei whai hua, ki te haere te hoahoa kua prestress.

Ki te whai koe ki te mahi i te pāmahana iti, a ka haere tonu te ahanoa ki te mahi i roto i ngā āhuatanga tino, te mea he ngā waitohu e tika ana ake, kitea nei e te ōrau o raro o te waro tenei. pahure taatou Tērā kia tīpakohia ai rauemi raw atu tukatuka tiketike pāmahana.

Otiia ki te reira ka whakaritea ki te whakamahi hei whakapakari waea rauemi, ka pai ki a homai manakohanga ki e i roto i i te waro ranei kore te whiwhi, ranei ona ihirangi kahore i neke ake te 0.8%. Hoki tenei rauemi, āhuatanga e nui haere te kaha - 180 kgf / mm ² urutomo. E whakaratohia ēnei kōwhiringa:

• nui-pāmahana maimoatanga;
• pakeke.

te kounga waro me te rauemi

regulates reira, i nei e rauemi raw kia hangaia armature hanga, GOST 5781-82. I roto i ngā, kua he mana kaha i runga i te tawhā whakamutunga o te hua raima i roto i tona mauroa me te tika te ōrau o te ihirangi waro. Ko te rahi te waro i roto i roto i te whakarewa, te nui te pakeke angamaheni o te kēmu, engari i te wa ano e faarahi te brittleness. Ano, nui maitai waro kakano ia tino uaua, maha e kore he nui te kounga o te hua, mamae tika aha te hanganga whānui.

Ko te ōrau o te te ihirangi waro taea urunga o te whakarōpūtanga e whai ake nei:

• Low-waro vaolo maitai, i roto i ai e te pūhui i roto i te nui o kore ake atu i te ōrau hauwhā;
• ki te taumata toharite o te ihirangi - kotahi hauwhā ōrau ki 0.6;
• ki te ihirangi tiketike mai i 0.6 ki te 2%.

Me pēhea te ki te whakapai ake?

Ki whakapakari maitai i te kounga pai i roto i te koranu e taea te tāpiri i ngā wae atu. Ka rite ki huānga alloying tangohia ki te tono:

• Tungsten;
• vanadium;
• Konqueror;
• konukōreko.

I roto i te tahi mau alloys tāpiri kotahi anake e rua ranei, atu wāhanga, ki atu - he ranunga o 5-6 konganuku. Tenei taea ki te whiwhi-te kounga teitei maitai koranu ki reiti tiketike:

• kaha;
• pakeke;
• ātete ki te waikura.

Ki te whiwhi koranu maitai, e taea te whakauru i roto i te rauemi raw silicon, konupora. Runga anō i te tini o tāpiritanga roto i te rauemi, ki te kōrero e pā ana ki te rauemi no ki tetahi o nga akomanga e whai ake nei:

• iti ngā maitai koranu ngā kaua e nui ake rima ōrau o inclusions;
• srednelegirovannoj, ai rerekē te nui o tāpiri i roto i nga rohe o 5-10%;
• High-pai, kotahi-tekau atu arā, o ngā wāhanga atu ranei.

"He aha te i roto i te ingoa?"

e kore te mea tika maitai, engari ano hoki he maha nui o te tahi atu wāhanga matū - whakapakari maitai. I aha whakaurunga ko, i roto i te rauemi, ka taea e koe te kite i te ingoa. Kua whakawhanakehia ngā paerewa ti'araa o etahi tāpiritanga i roto i te rauemi taitara. tauira:

• X - Konqueror.
• C - zirconium.
• T - Titanium.

I muri i te waitohu i hopukina ngā tau. Ratou whakaata ki te nui o waro kei roto i te rauemi. haurau whakaritea o. Next, tuhituhi te pukapuka. rawea, ratou he huānga matū, i muri i tohua te nui o reira roto te roto i te wahi o te piha. Ki te kahore e tohua kahore tau, e taea te faaoti i te reira e ngā tenei taonga i roto i te nui o iti iho i te kotahi ōrau.

Tauira: "whakaū 35GS maitai" tu mo te maitai, i roto i te mea i roto i te kukū o 0.35% te waro me te he silicon me konupora, engari he iti te ōrau o te wāhanga e rua, na reira he kore raraunga tika (he ratou hakari i te nui o iti iho i te kotahi ōrau o te tapeke rahinga rauemi).

E rapu utu, me te tatari?

I raro i ngā paerewa o nāianei, ki te parahi whakaū kia:

• ngāwari ki te Weld;
• kirihou;
• mārō.

Na roto i te kaha kei te matau rite te kaha ki te tu i te kawenga ngā kino o te taiao. Ko te pānga i te waho kēne makoha te whakarewa me te piko, ketia me kōpeke, tapahia. Hoki ia o nga momo o kawenga huna hoki etahi tohu o te kaha. Ngā ko ake maha whakamahia i roto i te taiao e tiketike kurut te ahotea, na reira ko i runga i tenei uara kia utua aro i roto i te tuatahi wahi. Hei aromatawai mehemea taea ki te te tu atu totoro te ngā, ko te, e hiahia ana koe ki te arotake i:

• rohe flowable;
• whawhati resistance.

Ukanga - he rauemi tawhā e whakaata ana hinengaro ki kawenga waho e ngana ana ki te huri i te āhua o te hua, ona ripeka-wāhanga. Ki te ko te piha i roto i taua mau huru pupuri ratou tautuhinga tuatahi, i muri i te tango i te pikaunga, taea hoki te reira ki tona āhua taketake, te whakaora o koutou huringa ranei. faaite plasticity te i roto i te elongation i whati, koki whakapiko, he nui o piko, te toe maitai i muri i te meangiti.

Weldability - Ko te tohu o te kaha kounga ki te hono ki ētahi atu rauemi i roto i tono o te tikanga fehokotaki'anga tenei. takoto ana tēnei tawhā e:

• hanganga whakarewa;
• rewa tikanga;
• tokotoko uara i roto i te wāhanga;
• āhuatanga e honoa;
• plasticity.

Mechanics me te Pono

tukua nga tautuhinga i runga ake ki a koe te kōrero e pā ana ki ngā āhuatanga hangarau pehea pai o te maitai. Ko runga i tenei kaupapa tohatoha ngā, mahi.

He āhuatanga nui ko te ngā o tona kaha kurut. Hoki tona whakamāramatanga, me te tāutu i te nui o rohe flowable pehea e taea elongation nui e maitai whanaunga ki te uara tuatahi, whakahaere whakamātautau motuhake i runga i te hanga: tono mihini whakamātautau kurut hangaia mō tenei mahi.

meatia te mahi i roto i te ara e whai ake nei: ka tīmata koe i te mīhini whakanohoia ki runga ki nga piki tauira kawenga āta. Ngā kei reira i roto i a pakoko tāpiritanga pūnaha ki Prevent "mawhiti" tauira. Kei te ngana tikanga ki roa i te tokotoko ōna deforming reira. Ko te tohu tangohia i te mapuni e taea te hanga he tūtohi toronga (whakaturia tauine te takirihia).

āhuatanga Hangarau

Ko te wāhanga tika e whakaata hoahoa te kawenga i nei e kore te te tauira hauā. Na roto i te whakanui ake i te kawenga e taea te kite i te hua hautanga i roto i te roa, e taea ana ki te hanga whakatau e pā ana ki te tika o te rino, me te kaha ki te pato'ii te puranga waho. rohe tomu'a tono te kawenga ki te tauira whakamātautau. Ki runga ki pa tenei uara hoki āta whakaiti i te mana o aunoa kaha.

I roto i te wheako pai, tokotoko, totoro i raro i te mana o te ope nui waho, hoki ki tona āhua taketake ka nekehia atu te kawenga te. Tenei kaha Ko e tika ana ki te elasticity o maitai. Te reira i'oku totonu ke mahino e te elasticity rohe o te whakarewa kua etahi whāititanga. A, no te, hoki mai nga tohu e nui aua rohe ki te uara taketake ka taea. I roto i te te tāutu taua he tohu rohe korero e pā ana ki te taenga te rohe rapa.

Ki te meinga e tatou i te whakamātautau o whakaputaina i runga i te parahi GOST ngā CT3, katahi ka taea ki te tiki i te tawhā tata ki te whai koutou:

• tukua kaha - 2460 kgf / cm ^2;
• elongation - 25;
• kaha kurut i roto i te wā wa i homai - 4000 kgf / cm ^2.

Tawhā me tono

Armature he kaha nui, te tikanga he nui atu te utu atu i te rauemi iti-kōeke. I te wa ano, whakaatu ana te mahi e te whakamahi o te rauemi taua hanga reira taea ki te whakatutuki i nui penapena, rite ngā o ngā hanganga raima titau te kohi atu economical o whakarewa.

Kia whai whakaaro ki te ukanga ngā: i reira e etahi rohe, ki tua atu i te mea tino houhou. A, no te tuku iho tenei tawhā te i raro i te taumata etahi e kore e taea ki te whakamahi i hua hurihia i ki tonu te kaha. Hanganga hangaia ki te whakamahi o te supply taua o rauemi raw riro pakarukaru a kia tiango unpredictably tākiekina e āhuatanga o waho. Tera atu ano tetahi mōrea e pā ana ki te hekenga i roto i te plasticity whakarewa: te whakanui ake i te tūponotanga o te whati pakarukaru i te wā o waihanga ngā o te raima whakapakaritia.

Pānga i runga i parahi tauira

Ki te whakapai ake i te tawhā tika, hanga ki he hangarau ngā waho mana. I roto i ngā, i te mahi whānui o ngāwhā pakeke. I roto i tenei take e faarahi rua te kaha rawa, a ētahi wā atu. Ko te tika te nuinga he hoki iti-koranu, pūhui waro. Ko te piki utu rauemi e% 10-12 anake. E whakaatu ana pakeke Thermal nga hua pai ki te whakapai kanohi ki aunoa, engari he tika tona whakatinanatanga ki te whai taputapu matatau nui, me te rōpū tino tohu o ngā tohunga. Tino kaha i runga i te kounga o te hua whakamutunga (me te ingoa o tona kaiwhakanao) pā ara he tukanga hapa iti.

Mechanical ngā tutuki mā te whakamahi i:

• wīra huri;
• kōwiri waipēhi;
• awa ngā momo.

hiahiatia Tata ki te whakaparaha maitai. Ko taea, no te pakeke ki te whakatutuki i deformation kirihou, e tika ana ki i nui haere te kaha e 50% whanaunga ki te uara tuatahi.

Ko te tino rongonui - he aha te mea te reira?

I ngā wā, te tino i roto i te tono i roto i te mākete o whare whakarewa 8 mm te whānui. No te reira ki te toru te piha haapiiraa, a he wātea i roto i ngā rārangi, coils, rakau. 8 mm - te whakatakoto i te diameter toharite o te rauemi whare. Me ū Production o te piha pērā ki GOST 30136-95. Kia tangling whare tohunga i huaina "waea tokotoko".

Armature 8 mm i hanga o te rino ki te ihirangi waro iti. A0 waitohu whakamahia, CT3. I roto i te tukanga ahumahi i reira e rua (i ētahi wā kotahi) meangiti taahiraa, e taea ana ki te whakatutuki i tiketike rauemi tohu tika. tangling waea hurihia ko te waea.

A3 ngā - maitai he porowhita motu. E mea titauhia mo te hanga muri o puna waea. rauemi raw mahuinga ia i roto i te tukanga whakaputa o te hanganga o vaolo matao.

Hanga me te hoko

Armature 8 mm te nuinga o hanga ki runga ki te momo waea-kai o mīhini rite ki GOST 380. Ko te hangarau paerewa tenei, e uhinga a te aroaro o te maitai tapawha tukinotia pūnaha kerekere. Ko te mīhini hurihia te rauemi te ka totoro, kua wera a te matao o. Tei runga i te āhuatanga o te hua ngā e matao reira e tūturu takoha ranei.

Ko te hoko o te hua taua he hakari rite rere mita, me ngā rārangi nui o (rarawe).

He aha te mahi i te reira?

8mm mahuinga ia i roto i te hanga o whakapakaritia ngā hanganga raima me te whakarewa whare. he kikokore nui, pera whakamahia i roto i te hanga o kupenga, papa, taura waea tokotoko. He whai hua rite te pūtake mō ngā pota ngā. whakamahia te reira ki te whakapakari i ngā hanganga whare. whiriwhiri te whakatinanatanga motuhake e tātari te tikanga whakahaere o te hanganga, i runga i te pūtake o e whakatau i roto i te manakohia o tetahi ki tetahi waitohu ranei.

Kei te piki ngā whakamahia rite te rauemi raw mo te hanga o ētahi atu hua hanga, pai atu i rite ki te rauemi motuhake. Ki te hiahiatia te tokotoko e ki te whakaputa i whao, taura, na te mea e tika ana ki te whakahaere i te paparonaki o ngā hua: e kore e whakaaetia papa taratara, ka tino whakaiti reira te kaha o te hua oti. I roto i te hanga o mapuni nui, kihai nga pota whakaritenga mō te whakapati mata nui. Vaolo whakamahia mō te whakaritenga o te amo taiepa e kore ai i roto i kapiti ranei kōwhao ki tonu i te rangi. Ki te whiwhi te piha rakau 8-mm-diameter te, ngā mana kounga aroturuki tuhinga tuakiri.

ētahi āhuatanga

Me mahara hoki käore te reira e te piha he kōtaha porohita wā, te nuinga o rite rawa ki te rara roa. tokotoko hake he protrusions helical whakatakotoria i runga i te raina ki toru körere. Ki te te diameter tokotoko ko 6 mm, mea kia whakawhānui i te haurangi haere te rārangi helical ki tetahi ahiahi. kia whai rua ngā waea 8 mm.

Armature, kua tuku ki te toru o nga piha, ko:

• noa;
• motuhake.

Whakaritea te reira rite te A300 me AS300 te whakaatu i. Hoki e āhuatanga taua rauemi e te haurangi i roto i nei te tomokanga i runga i ngā taha e rua o te kākahu kōtaha. Here, haere mai hoki te aho ki te tīwiri. Ko mo te titauraa A400-A1000: Sunset i te ringa kotahi te matau, me i te tahi atu - te maui.

displacements pea protrusions helical. Ko tenei kōwhiringa kahore e hoki tonu o manuhiri o nāianei.

Ko tētahi atu wā āhuatanga motuhake o te whakangao maitai A800. Ka taea te whakamahi i te reira i te rama e whai ake nei hoki:

• 22H2G2AYU.
• 22H2G2R.
• 20H2G2SR.

I roto i tenei mutunga ngā purea e whakaritenga te tikanga kua whakaritea.

E ai ki nga kupu tohutohu o te Komiti Construction State, tūtohutia te Federation Russian te ki te tono i te rama e whai ake nei:

• A400S.
• A500S.

He pai mō te pakeke hanganga o te raima whakapakaritia rua, me te whakakapi i te mua whānui e hāngai ana A-III. E hanga ēnei tango ki pūkete te whakaritenga i whakaritea i roto i GOST 5781-82.