"Zadonshchina": te tau o e fakatupú. tuhinga Russian tawhito o te XIV - tenetere XV

Ko te whakaaro o tenei tuhinga - ki te whakarato i ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki taua urupa nui o tuhinga Russian Old, rite "Zadonshchina". Tau o te hanganga, kaituhi, o te hanga toi me ngā āhuatanga toi - katoa o enei pātai, ka matapaki i matou ki a koutou, me te.

tikanga o mua

I roto i te 1380, he hui e te whakatangihanga a te wāhi nui i roto i te ora o Russia kore anake, engari te ao katoa. E pā ana tēnei ki te whawhai o Kulikovo, i nei patua nga Tatars i. Tenei hui kotahi a mo te katoa faaore hau e pā ana ki te paari rahi o te hoariri, a Russia Polar tumanako o whakaoranga i te ioka o nga tau maha. Reira i mahi ano hoki rite te ai öna mo te whakakotahitanga o te rangatiratanga, a tawhio noa te pokapū o Moscow, i tohua te timatanga o te huru a muri atu. Na he mea kahore he mea whakamiharo te aha he nui te whakaoranga i na maha whakapuakina i roto i nga urupa tuhituhi o nga wa onamata. mea kairangahau huringa Kulikovskiy, e ngā te hua o te moni ki a tatou.

"Zadonshchina": te tau o whakatūnga, ngā mōhiohio whānui

tohu kororia o tuhinga, hanga tino toi ... Ko te tohu te whakakorekore o te pono o "kupu ..." - te tono katoa o enei āhuatanga ki te kōrero hōia ui "Zadonshchina". Ko wai i tuhituhi ai - he wāhi moot, ka he pea ki te e faatiti'aifarohia. He whakaaro e ko te kaituhi Sofony Ryazantsev. Mā tēnei ingoa te kuputuhi "Zadonshchina" me ētahi atu mahi - "Tales o Mamay". Ētahi atu mōhiohio i runga i Ryazantsev fakaangá tuhituhi e kore e whai. Ko te tohutoro ki tona ingoa fokotuu e hanga Sofony etahi tohu tuhituhi e kore Whatahoro. I arahina reira me te kaituhi unknown, i te pene o i haere mai "Zadonshchina". Tau o hanganga o te hōia e kore e tino o te kōrero (e kore te mea maere hoki te tuhinga Russian Old nei). fokotu'u mai te reira i tenei: te hua ko te whakautu tika ki te ngā, me te kupu, taka te hanganga o "Zadonshchina" i runga i 80-90-doma te aho o te rau tau XIV.

aroaro Kōrero e ono ngā rārangi. Ko te tuatahi, Whatahoro, ngā pūkenga rā te 1470-doma. Ko tōna ingoa atu - te rārangi o Euphrosyne. Kē tohu te whakaiti o etahi kuputuhi roa tuatahi, me te reira ngā he maha nui o ngā hapa, distortions, awerenga. E te ara, whakamahia anake rārangi Euphrasinia te ingoa "Zadonshchina". Tau whakatūhia putanga tino i muri o te kōrero e kore e hoki tāuta (e pā ana ki te rau tau XVII), me i reira ko te hua tapanga rite "Te Tale o ... Prince Dmitry Ivanovich". Ko te taua pā ki ētahi atu rerekē katoa o te tohu tuhituhi. Ratou hapa hoki, engari tukua fakaangá tuhituhi ki te waihanga anō i te kuputuhi taketake.

Te hanganga me te wahi

Ko te glorification o te wikitoria o ngā hōia Russian i runga i te hoariri - he whakahuahua wahi kua "Zadonshchina". Te kaituhi te kupu aau kumea te whakarara ki te "Kupu ...", ko te tohutoro ki te tohu nui faataa te kore ia peehia matapo me juxtaposition āta o te mua, me te hakari (a kihai i manakohia o te muri). Ko te whakahua o "Kupu ..." hanga mārama reira e anake te pato'iraa ki te rangatira arahina ki te kino i runga i te whenua Russian. Otiia i roto i te mua, kua riro te reira i teie nei i te kaha i te whakaeke. Hurihia ki te "Kupu ..." kitea i te taumata o ngā tikanga takitahi (whakawhiti he kau i roto i te kaikōrero i tetahi wāhi matawhenua ki tetahi atu), me ngā huānga wahi. Hei tauira, Dmitry Donskoy i te ara o te mahana i mua i te whawhai - kia korero "Zadonshchina". Kaituhi o te "mau parau ..." (rokohanga, ano kore ingoa) faahiti te āraitanga rite te tohu aituā.

Kei o rua nga wahi Tale. Mua e te kupu whakataki, i te tikanga o e whakatakoto ana te kaituhi ake te kaipānui ki te, huru e mea hakari ana motuhake, a parau ia nga whāinga pono whaia e te hanganga o "Zadonshchina". I roto i fakamamafa'i hoki te whakataki te kōrero rorotu, kī e Moscow - rite te pokapū o te kāwanatanga o nāianei - ko te haere tonu o Kiev, me ētahi atu te wahi tuatahi o te mahi - ". Aroha" .. He Ko te kaikōrero whakaatu te hinga o hōia Russian, tangi nga rangatira mate, me te Boyarynya. Heoi, te āhua whakaaro: kaua "tohe" Ka kia patua. Na tupu te reira i roto i te "whakamoemiti" ka tangohia e te hoariri ki to ratou rekereke, ka ka rusichi taonga taonga.

āhuatanga toi

Poetics "Zadonshchina" Kei te nuinga whakaritea e tona faitatau ki te "Kupu ...". fehangahangai te kaipānui te ki te whakapakoko anthropomorphic taua, tītaia e whai takenga mārama û rave. I te wa ano i reira he he whakapakoko nui o auraa fakalotú me tohutoro ki peikani me kore te whiwhi. rerekē tino tenei kōrero i te praetexta. Mahi "Zadonshchina" Ko te tino heterogeneous i kāhua. Na, me ki te tuhinga whiti he whatiwhatinga e he rawa nui rite te tuhi pakihi. kia puta hoki te reira i roto i te taipitopito wā, whakarongo tata ki te taitara o Prince.

"Zadonshchina" me "Kupu ..."

Ko nga mea i mea, "Zadonshchina" faufaa i te meka e haapapu te tüturu o "te Kupu." Kei te ui te whakamutunga e kore anake te mea i mua i te kitea ohorere o te pou Musin-Pushkin i 1795 "Kupu ..." kite ake Kahore tetahi i roto i o koutou kanohi, engari ano hoki i te mea o te uara toi faahiahia o te rotarota. Tenei whakaarahia te whakaaro o rikarika ki (me tauira). Ona tohutoro ki "Transdoniad" ko ki te hoatu te mutunga ki te tautohe, engari ... kua reira kua fokotu'u e ko te reira "te kupu ..." i hanga e whai ake nei i te tauira o te tohu muri kiia. Well, e kore e tino whakatau te pātai o te takenga o mahi e rua o te tuhituhi tawhito, me te.