A Knight Cross o te Iron Cross: whakaahuatanga, tohu. Awards o te Tuatoru Reich

Mahuru 1939 1 i te ra o te whawhai Tiamana i runga i Poland, Chancellor ko Führer o Germany, tukuna Adolf Hitler ka ora ake te tikanga te Iron Cross - he tohu hanga noa e Kingi Frederick William. Tenei tikanga i anake te ohorere, o te Tuatoru Reich i Prussia me te kingitanga o mua. Ko te ture whakaurua rino e kore anake, engari o te Knight Cross - te taumata teitei o te tetahi o mua. Tenei tohu - te tohu nui o te wā Nasí.

tonu

kihai i he tupu hou i roto i Germany tohu o Knight, i reira e rave rahi o te Prussia, Bavarian me Baden Order. Ko te tohu teitei rawa Tuatoru Reich waho titiro rite ripekatia Iron tikanga (anake e ko te reira nui). I te taua āhuatanga o te tikanga e taea rerekē i runga i te kaiwhakanao rānei. hangaia a Knight Cross e Juncker, Shneynhauera, Kvenzera ko Klein. i etahi o ratou rahi kia 48-48 mm me etahi atu -. 49-50 mm.

a Knight Cross o te Iron Cross i hanga te taua rite me whakawhiti iti nekehanga whaimana, engari i te wa ano taa ê te ako kounga pai ngā wāhanga motuhake (ina koa te papa taha). Hei utu (ranei kaua tona kurupae o runga) soldered te he ngira iti. whiria te reira i te mowhiti hangaia mo te rīpene whanui 45 mm. i Order anga āhuatanga, i hanga nei e te o hiriwa 800-th tauira.

rawa fakafiefia

Ata whakairohia, e te tikanga e kore e mau tohu mau o te Knight Cross, engari he kape anake, i te taketake puritia e i roto i te wahi haumaru. mahi tenei i roto i te tikanga e kore e ki te ngaro tūkino te tuaukiuki ranei. Tino maha mau kape i roto i te āhuatanga whawhai.

a ringa Knight Cross o te Iron Cross i roto i te pouaka tapawhā. Roto i kapi katoa i te reira ki te hiraka ma, a ka taupokina te waho i te lederinom pango. I roto i te take o te moni haumi te ripeka kahore anake, engari ano hoki i te whitiki whakahauanga. hanga tua fakangalongata'a i roto i te pōkairua tā, i whakanohoia i roto i te kōpaki whakairo. Tikanga, ka tukua a te Knight Cross ki runga ki te tangata nona o te rangatira o tona hononga. I tū te karakia i roto i te huru e mea hakari. Ko te tohu i taea te haere ki te mua mo te wa roa, i runga i te ara e haere ana i roto i te maha o nga ringa i kotahi. Roa i roto i te tuku i hui rawa auau i roto i te timatanga o te whawhai. Te nuinga o te katoa tona utu tika ana tatari hoki kaiurungi.

"Ngā tikanga māori"

Ka rite ki whakahau hōia katoa o te Tuatoru Reich, kua whakawhiwhia te Cross mo etahi whakatutukitanga i roto i te whawhai. Hei tauira, i taea ki te tiki i te tohu teitei rawa i te pairati o te Luftwaffe anake piro 20 ngā (e whakawhiwhia ratou mo pihinga iho rererangi hoariri). Neke atu i te wa, kua tupu te Unuhia. I tua atu, fakafalala ai ki runga ki te whare tapere o te whawhai: mo o te Knight Cross i te mua Soviet i ki kia whakangaromia rua atu waka atu i roto i te whawhai irirangi i roto i te toenga o Europe Africa Te Tai Tokerau ranei.

hiahiatia te Navy ki totohu te kaipuke, te displacement katoa o nei i rite ki te 100 mano taranata. I roto i tenei take, whakawhiwhia tata tonu ki te rangatira o mua. Hoki ka piki te peroo te Ope 3 Reich waihanga ( "hoki te itoito i runga i te kauhanga riri").

tatauranga

Hoki te maha o nga tau i whakawhiwhia a te Knight Cross te iwi 7361 (rite ki ētahi atu puna 7365). I roto i te rangatira kore i te wahine kotahi, engari i reira i te tahi tau tatini manene nei whawhai mo te whenua, he hoa o Germany. tatauranga Interesting i runga i te taitara tohu. Te nuinga riro o te Knight Cross Kāpene / Kāpene-Rūtene (1523) ko Rūtene (1225).

Tuatahi whakawhiwhia ka mau te Order whaimana wahi i te mutunga o o te whawhai tuku e te 3 Reich tuatahi te marama. Mahuru 30 riro a tona Knight Cross 13 iwi nei ka mau wahi i roto i te pakanga Polish mutu pai. I roto i te ahua tino rongonui tahuri Cavaliers Grossadmiral Erich Raeder, rangatira o te Tiamana Navy. he rangatira enei tangata katoa, tohua hoki te rerekētanga i roto i te buka haapiiraa. Mai i te kupu o te "toa hoki" Ko te tuatahi ki te whakawhiti i te hiahiatia Günther Prien (whakahau ia te waka ruku U-poti 47). I 1939 i reira ko anake 27 Knight Knight o Cross, a kua ora te nuinga o ripeka i roto i te tau 1944 (2466).

tohu tuarua

I roto i te katoa, ko a te Knight Cross rima nekehanga, te tuatahi o i ko o te Knight iho Cross. He marama torutoru i muri i te tīmatanga o te Pakanga II o te Ao i roto i Pipiri 1940, ua faaoti te kaiārahi Tiamana ki te whakapumautia noa atu rongonui he tohu, tikanga hoki te hōia ko rawa hautoa. Heoi i reira ko a he Knight Cross o te Iron Cross ki Oak Rau. Kei te whiwhi anake tenei tohu tetahi rangatira o te tohu tuatahi.

rau oki (tohu o te wehewehe) tuhia tika i runga i te ripeka, i reira te wahi i reira ko tetahi koropiko o rīpene. Whakapaipai Ko te tohu i hanga o te hiriwa. ngā ia e toru rau oki - noa mai ahua heraldic wharekarakia. I roto i ētahi wā, kua whakaaturia koti Pākehā o ringa me nga acorns, engari i whakarerea i roto i te take o te te Knight Cross o te hua.

Knights

Ko te tuatahi o Knight Cross ki Oak Rau i whakawhiwhia Eduarda Ditlya - rūtene whānui whakahau te Mountain Corps "Norway. Ko tētahi o nga mema o te whakamutunga o te Whakatau whakaaro te ki te waiho i te āpiha manuao Adalbert von Blanc. Te nuinga o te katoa i rongonui ia i te wā whakamutunga o te whawhai. I roto i te 1944, i ahu Blank 9 Division Haumarutanga, ka tangohia e wahi i roto i te hōneatanga o Tiamana i Courland. I tua atu, tautoko ia te whati hononga whenua Wehrmacht. I roto i te Mei 1945, i interned Pātea i te hōia Pākehā. i waimarie Āpiha - i taea ki te haere tonu tona mahi hōia i roto i Germany ia. mahi ia tae noa ki 1964, ka whiwhi ia te ana'iraa o te admiral, a mutu.

tohu tuatoru

I roto i te hinga o 1941 riro Cross tohu o Knight kotahi me ko kua toru te tohu - o te Knight Cross ki a Oak Rau me hoari. Ko te ture mo tona whakatū i hainatia e te Führer, te rangatira o te Hupirimi Whakahaua o te Wehrmacht Vilgelmom Keytelem ko Laisi Minita o te Interior Wilhelm Frick.

I ōrite ki te tohu o mua o rau oki te tohu hou, ki te mea i tapiritia he rua o hoari whiti. i hanga Order o whakapaipai hiriwa-kounga tiketike. I whakatakotoria I tona taha hoki tohu i te kaiwhakanao. Hoki te ripeka i piri moire rīpene o te puawai whero me te ma. I roto i te wā o te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao, te rangatira o Cross o te Knight ki Oak Rau me hoari riro 160 iwi, 55 o nei mahi i roto i te Luftwaffe. Kua riro tetahi anake manene tenei tohu. ko ratou he admiral Hapanihi me Navy Commander Yamamoto Isiroku.

aces Tohu

Wing Commander Adolf Galland ka te taata tei mau tuatahi o Cross o te Knight ki Oak Rau me hoari. whakahau ia te 51th matua hoia mania-kaiwhakamate. I te tīmatanga, whakawhiwhia te tikanga hou anake kaiurungi. Na ka te toru o nga Kotaro Walter Oesau. Ko reira taa'eraa e te mahi hōia tīmata ia i roto i te ropu pū. Ka rite ki te maha atu kaiurungi Tiamana o te Pakanga II o te Ao, te tuatahi ka rongonui Oesau i Spain, te wahi i whakarārangitia ia hei wāhanga o te Rihiona rongonui "Condor". I roto i te wā o te pakanga hou, whai wāhi ia i roto i nga whawhai o France, a i roto i te "pakanga o Ingarangi". kihai i Oesau i runga i te mua rawhiti, engari i huna maha rererangi i roto i te rangi o te Netherlands. Mei 11, 1944 i koperea ia ki raro, e tata ana te pa Beletita o St. Vith. I te pūkete Oesau rererangi 118 hoariri, me te 430 misioni whawhai.

tohu tuawha

puta wā kotahi tuawha Degree Knights Cross ki te toru me te rima o nga tohu (ko reira o te Knight Cross ki Oak Rau, hoari me Taimana). E kore te te tohu takatakahia, ka hanga e te ringa te pai toi Tiamana. Hiriwa 935-carat i te ringa o rei mātanga, kua oti te e i te mutunga o to ratou mahi i te Order o te nuinga o nga taimana iti 50. Ko ratou taimaha katoa tata toru carats, me te taimaha o te tohu katoa - 28 karamu. hanga i roto i te ringa o rite ki te ripeka, a ka he topenga mo reira.

Hoki kākahu rā i hoatu te tohu-tika rua kape o te rauemi iti-kōeke. Tiamana o Knight Cross ki Oak Rau, hoari me Taimana riro te katoa o te 27 iwi (i roto i ratou e kore nga tangata ke).

Werner Mölders

a Kotaro debutant Knight Cross o te wha nga tohu i te Werner Mölders - paerata i te ana'iraa o te kānara. Ko tenei ace te tama a te kaiako, e mate i roto i te Pakanga Tuatahi o te Ao i roto i France, na ko tona kōwhiringa o te mahi hōia i te mutunga foregone mai tamarikitanga. riro Mātauranga Melders i te Dresden Academy me te Demining Kura Munich.

I roto i 1934, te umanga o te kaimau kia heke hanga he tahuri koi - i whakawhiti ia ki te Luftwaffe. Ko te wheako whawhai tuatahi o te pairati i roto i te rangi i runga Spain, te wahi i reira ko te whawhai metarahi. Na reira, tīmata ia te Ao Tuarua, he kē he wheako faahiahia. kihai i roa i roto i te haere mai i te wikitoria tuatahi. I roto i te Mahuru 1939, e kore e matara atu i Merzig Melders kawea iho te toa French "Hawk".

i tona wahoo whakamutunga al i Crimea. tuki ia i roto i Noema 1941 i runga i tona ara ki Berlin, te wahi pupuri ia te tangihanga o tetahi kaiurungi rongonui Ernst Udet Luftwaffe. hinga Melders waka rererangi ki te whenua e tika ana ki te meka i te rāhui waea hiko. Te pairati rere neke atu i te 300 putaputa, koperea iho 115 rererangi hoariri.

tuarima tohu

Ko te tohu teitei rawa i roto i te Wehrmacht ko o te Knight Cross ki rau oki koura, hoari me taimana. Ko te ahurei o tenei tohu ko te meka e i roto i te oraraa i ka ai tetahi anake te tangata. kitea ratou Hans Rudel - Aviation, riro Kanara te tohu i roto i te ra tuatahi o te tau 1945. Na roto i te mutunga o te pakanga ko ia te pailate kuru teitei o whakaeke rererangi. i whiriwhiria Figure Rudel rite te takawaenga - e kore i taea e te tohu teitei tiki reira ki te tangata.

whanau Hans i roto i te mahi hepara utuafare me i taitamarikitanga piri te whakahaere Nasí. pakanga Polish whakahaere ia, kia rite ki te rangatira o te rererangi reconnaissance. Na ka i ui te pairati ki te whakawhiti a ia ki te rererangi whakaeke nui atu mōrearea. Aru e te wā o te whakangungu. I roto i te April 1941, i whakaritea Rudel ki te matua hoia o rererangi ruku, "Immelman". Te pairati whawhai i runga i te mua Soviet, meinga he pororaru i te wāhi Leningrad me Moscow. hanga Tapeke Rudel neke atu i te 2.5 mano putaputa, whakangaromia e pā ana ki 500 tāke, 800 waka Armoured, totohu pinepine o kaipuke, me te tama'i amphibious "Marat". I muri i te whawhai, he pūmau Nasí, oho ki Latin America, te wahi e mahara ai ia hei kaha utu-fekumi.