Absolute kore pāmahana - rāpoi wāhi ngā whakamutunga

Kua puta te wā "pāmahana" i te wa ka whakaaro physicists e tito nga tinana mahana o te taonga motuhake atu - caloric - te tinana kotahi, engari makariri. Na tukinotia te pāmahana i rite te uara e ōrite ana ki te nui o te caloric i te tinana. Mai whanganga te pāmahana o tetahi tinana i roto i nga nekehanga. Otiia i roto i te meka ko reira he mehua o te pūngao neke o neke rāpoi ngota, me, i runga i tenei kaupapa, kia hei mehua ano tena i roto i joule, kia rite ki ngā waeine SI.

Ko te wā "tino kore te pāmahana" mai i te ture tuarua o thermodynamics. E ai ki reira i te whakawhitinga wera i te matao ki te tinana wera taea. I whakaurua tenei ariā i te ahupūngao o Ingarangi William Thomson. hoki whakatutukitanga i roto i te te ahupūngao, ia ia te Kuini o Ingarangi i homai he ope "te Ariki" me te taitara "Baron Kelvin." I te tau 1848 g. Thomson (Ariki Kelvin) whakaarohia ki te whakamahi i te tauine pāmahana, i roto i nei te tīmatanga mō riro tino kore te pāmahana e ōrite ana ki te rohe me te tauine wehenga matao ka mau degrees. Ko te kōwae o Kelvin pāmahana ko 1/27316 hautanga pūwāhi reatoru o te wai (e pā ana ki 0 deg. C), i.e. pāmahana i ai kotahi penapena te wai parakore te i roto i ngā puka e toru: te huka, te wai wai me te mamaoa. Absolute kore pāmahana - ko te pāmahana iti rawa taea i raro i i mutu nekehanga rāpoi te me te taonga o roa taea ki te tango i te pūngao ngāwhā. Mai reira, i te ingoa te tauine o pū pāmahana i tona ingoa.

whanganga te pāmahana te i runga i te pauna rerekē

huaina te tauine pāmahana tino whakamahia noa te "te tauine degrees." Kei te hanga te reira i runga i rua ngā i runga i te pāmahana wāhanga whakawhitinga o te wai wai ki mamaoa me te wai ki tio. A. Celsius i 1742, e whakaarohia he tawhiti i waenganui i ngā tohutoro wehea ki 100 wā, me te ira koropupū o te wai tangohia rite kore, me te wāhi mīti o 100 nekehanga. Otiia e whakaarohia ana te tōnapi Linnaeus ki te mahi i te ritenga atu. Mai te wai paari i Zero degrees AA. Ahakoa te Celsius tangohia e kohuatia ai. hāngai Absolute kore Celsius ki haunga te 273.16 degrees.

He maha ngā unahi pāmahana: Fahrenheit, Reaumur, Rankine, Newton, Roemer. E ratou rerekē ngā tohutoro me te utu o te wehenga. Hei tauira tauinetia Reaumur papa e hanga ano i runga i te kohua, me te mīti mata o te wai, engari te mea 80 wehenga. Fahrenheit tauine, i puta i roto i 1724, whakamahia i roto i te ora ia rā anake i roto i te tahi mau wāhanga o te ao, me ngā USA ..; ngā tohutoro: kotahi - ranunga o pāmahana wai tio - haukini me te tahi atu - te tinana tangata. Kei te wehea te tauine ki kotahi rau ngā whakapōtaetanga. Kore hāngai ki te 32 degrees Fahrenheit. Translation nekehanga Fahrenheit taea te mahi kia rite ki te tātai: F = 1,8 C + 32. Reverse Translation: C = (F - 32) / 1.8, te wahi: F - nekehanga Fahrenheit, C - nekehanga centigrade. Ki te ko koe mangere rawa ki te tatau, haere ki te mahi tuihono ki te iriti i degrees ki Fahrenheit. I roto i te anga, pato i te maha o degrees, pēhi i te pātene "Tātaitia", tīpako i te "Fahrenheit" me te pēhi "Tīmata". Ka puta tonu te hua.

ingoa tauine Rankine te i roto i te kororia o te Ingarihi (ranei kaua Scottish) ahupūngao William J .. Rankin, nei ko te nāianei o Calvin, me tetahi o nga kaiwhakatū o Hangarau thermodynamics. I roto i tona tauine e toru ngā nui: te timatanga - pūmau mata kore mīti o te wai 491,67 nekehanga Rankine me kohua te wai 671,67 nekehanga. Ko te maha o wehenga i waenganui i te wai mīti me tona koropupū o me i Rankin, a ko te 180 Fahrenheit.

He anake ahupūngao te nuinga o enei unahi. Na kua mea 40% o ngā i roto i enei ra o akomanga ngā ākonga American paetahi kahore ratou e mohio ki ta te kore te pāmahana pū.