Ahupūngao Faraday: biography, tuwhera

ahupūngao English Maykl Faradey, e tupu ake i roto i te utuafare rawakore, ko tetahi o te pūtaiao rahi i roto i te aamu o te taata nei. Kua ana whakatutukitanga tino hanga i te wa, i te pūtaiao he rota o te iwi i whanau i roto i te mau utuafare faingamālie. I roto i tona kororia, ko wae o te puritanga - farad.

Faraday (ahupūngao): he haurongo poto

I whanau Maykl Faradey i runga i Mahuru 22, 1791 i roto i London, te whakapaipai UK. Ko ia te toru te tamaiti o Hemi, a Margaret Faraday. Ko tona papa he parakimete, ko wai i roto i te hauora rawakore. I mua i te faaipoiporaa, mahi tona whaea rite te kotiro. noho te whānau i roto i te rawakore.

13 tau tae Mikaera te kura rohe, i reira riro ia tona mātauranga tuatahi. No te tauturu i te utuafare, ka anga ia mahi i roto i te karere wharehoko pukapuka. maongo tamaiti ngakau nui tona kaituku mahi. He tau i muri mai i whakatairangatia ana ia ki te pia bookbinder.

Here, me te pūtaiao

hiahia Maykl Faradey ki mohio atu e pā ana ki te ao; e kore e iti te reira ki te faaho'iraa mai o ngā pukapuka. I muri i te mahi ia rā hihiritanga, pau ia ana pukapuka wa noa katoa pānui i tu'ati ia.

Āta kitea ia e ka hiahia i roto i te pūtaiao. Ia rawa pai te pukapuka e rua:

• "Encyclopedia Britannica" - te puna o tona matauranga o te hiko me te maha hoki era atu mea.
• "Kōrero i runga i Matū" - 600 ngā whārangi e pā ana ki te matū i roto i te Kaituhitanga kōrero wātea Dzheyn Marse.

Ko ia na faaieie i timata ia ki te noho wahi o ratou faufaa ha'iha'i roa i runga i ngā matū, me te taputapu ki te whakaū i te parau mau o te mea te pānui.

Ki te whakanui koe ratou mōhiotanga pūtaiao, rongo ia e te pūtaiao rongonui Dzhon Tatum i haere ki te hoatu i te raupapa o kauhau tūmatanui i runga i te rapunga whakaaro taiao (ahupūngao). Hei haere te kauhau i ki te utu i te utu o tetahi hereni - nui rawa hoki Michael Faraday. Tona tuakana, he parakimete, maere e te tipu lī'oa ki te pūtaiao, ka hoatu e tona teina ia te moni e tika ana.

Taunga ki Hamfri Devi

ka tangohia e Faraday tetahi atu taahiraa ki pūtaiao ka William Dance, ui toa kiritaki Michael ki te i ia tetahi hiahia ki te whiwhi tīkiti ki te kauhau i te Royal MoE.

Pūkenga, Sir Hamfri Devi, ko tetahi o pūtaiao tino rongonui o te ao o te wā. peke Faraday i te tupono ka tae mai wha kauhau i runga i tetahi o nga take hou o matū - te faaotiraa o te kawatanga. whanga ana e ia nga ngā, i whakahaere nei i oreroraa a Davy.

Ko he ao i roto i nei e ora ai ia. ka mau Faraday tuhipoka, a ka meatia kia maha extras i roto i nga pitopito kōrero i hanga he tuhinga 300-page, i whiria e ia, a tonoa Davy he tohu o te mauruuru.

I tenei wa i roto i te iari ki muri o te toa pukapuka, ka anga Michael ki te whakahaere i ngā atu mātanga ki te waihanga i tētahi pūhiko hiko o moni parahi, me kōpae konutea wehea e pepa tote mākū. Kua whakamahia e ia a reira mo te kinonga o matū matū, pēnei i te konupora pākawa ngāwhā. I roto i tenei mara o matū ko Hamfri Devi he pionie.

I roto i te Oketopa 1812 oti pia Faraday, a ka timata ia ki te mahi kia rite ki te bookbinder mo tetahi kaituku mahi, i kitea e ia kawa.

e kore e waiho te reira i te manaaki i roto i te ahua

Na reira ko te take hari mo Faraday. Ka rite ki te hua o te whakamātau i taka i werohia Hamfri Devi: reira uesia poto tona kaha ki te tuhituhi. i taea e ki hoki te torutoru nga ra ki te pupuri i ngā pūkete mō te Davy, te mana'o te pukapuka, i i tonoa e ia Michael.

A, no te mutunga o te wā poto o te mahi kaiāwhina, tonoa pūtaiao Faraday he tuhipoka tono ia ki te utu i te kaiāwhina. Taimi nounou mei ai, tetahi o nga tikanga Davy i pupuhi hoki hapa, a ui Humphrey Mikaera, kihai i rite ki te mea e pai te tango ia i te nohoanga wātea.

Ki te hiahia ia ki te mahi i te Royal MoE ki tetahi o nga pūtaiao tino rongonui i roto i te ao nei? Ko te pātai kōrero.

Careers i te Royal Institute

ka mau Faraday tari March 1, 1813, i te tau o 21 tau.

Kei te pai te utua e ia, ka tohaina ki te noho i roto i te ruma fungavaka o te Royal Institute. ko te tino pai Mikaera, ko tona hononga ki te whare ka kore e haukotia mo 54 nga tau, i roto i nei whakahaere ia ki te riro i te ahorangi o te matū.

mahi a Faraday ko ki te faaineine i te taputapu mō te whakahaere tamatamataraa me kauwhau i te Royal MoE. I te tīmatanga, kua mahi i te reira ki te trichloride hauota, he taikaha traumatized e te Davy. Mikaera, rawa, ka ngaro poto te pahūtanga i muri mahara, a ka i whara ano Humphrey, whakamātau ki tenei pūhui kua mutu.

I muri i 7 marama o te mahi i te Royal MoE Davy Faraday ka mau ia ki a ia i runga i te haere o Europe, i roa 18 marama. I roto i tenei wa, i taea ki te whakatau i te aivanaa nui pērā i Andre-Marie wae iahiko i roto i Paris me Alessandro Volta i Milan Michael. I roto i te tikanga, kua whakakapia te haerenga tona tohu whare wānanga - Faraday ako he rota i roto i tenei wa.

Te nuinga o te haerenga, heoi, kihai i ia hari, no te mea i roto i te tua ki te rangahau me te mahi hekeretari ko ki te mahi ki Davy me tana wahine. E kore te wahine o te kaipūtaiao i whakaaro rite ia ki Faraday no o tona takenga.

I tona hokinga mai ki London, ka hinga katoa ki wahi. anō Royal Institute kirimana Mikaera, a nui haere ona utu. Davy noa tīmata ki te whakahua i tona awhina i roto i pepa pūtaiao.

I roto i te 1816, i tau 24, ka hoatu e Faraday tona kauhau tuatahi e pā ana ki te āhuatanga o te mea. I tū te reira i te City Philosophical Society. Na i roto i te "buka aamu pūtaiao hauwhā", whakaputaina e ia tona pepa pūtaiao tuatahi i runga i te tātaritanga o te konupūmā waihā.

I roto i te tau 1821, i te tau o 29 tau i whakatairangatia ana Faraday ki upoko o te pāmu, me te taiwhanga o te Royal Institute. I roto i te taua tau marenatia e ia a Hara Barnard. i ora ai Mikaera me tana wahine i roto i te evanelia te nuinga o te 46 tau i muri mai, he mea kore i roto i te tuanui me te i roto i te ruma whakamarie e i kotahi nohoia e Hamfri Devi.

I te tau 1824 biography o Faraday (ahupūngao) i tohua e tona pōtitanga rite te mema o te Royal Society. Ko reira he āhukahuka o te meka i ko ia he aivanaa nui.

I roto i te 1825 ka Faraday ahupūngao kaiwhakahaere o te taiwhanga.

I te 1833 ka e ia he ahorangi Fuller o matū i te Royal MoE o Great Britain. Faraday, he tūranga puritia e ia tae noa ki tona mate.

I roto i te 1848 me te 1858 i ui ia ki upoko te Royal Society, engari kihai ia.

whakatutukitanga pūtaiao

Hei whakaahua i te kitenga o Faraday i te ahupūngao, e rapu neke atu i te kotahi te pukapuka. Ehara i na roto i te tupono noa Albert Eynshteyn i tona tari i pupuri i nga pikitia e toru anake pūtaiao: Isaaka Nyutona, James Maxwell me Michael Faraday.

Oddly nui, ahakoa i roto i te ora o te pūtaiao ka anga ki te whakamahi i te kupu "ahupūngao", ia ia i kore rite reira, a ka karangatia e tonu ia ia te tangata tohe. Ko Faraday he tangata, nana nei i haere ki ngā āhuatanga i roto i ngā, a ka mohiotia ai e kore i whakarerea e ia i nga whakaaro i puta mai whakawhetai ki pūmanawa pūtaiao.

Ki te whakaaro ia e he utu reira te whakaaro, tonu ia ki te whakamātau, ahakoa hupehupe maha, kua kore ano tae ia te tūmanakohia ranei he kore ano whakaaro e kua kï Mother Nature he ia, e tupu rawa uaua.

Heoi ka whakakitea e Faraday i te ahupūngao? Tenei ko etahi o ana whakatutukitanga tino nui.

1821: kitea o te hurihanga hiko

Ko reira he tīwaiwaka o te mea te mutunga arahina ki te hanga o te pūkaha hiko. hāngai ana tuwhera i runga i te ariā o ngā āhuatanga autō Oersted o waea i roto i nei hiko rerenga o nāianei.

1823: hau aro me te pouaka

I roto i te 1802, fokotu'u Dzhon Dalton e taea te liquefied hau katoa i pāmahana iti tenge teitei ranei. whakamatauria ahupūngao Faraday reira empirically. Ia te tuatahi tahuri māota me te haukini i roto i te wai.

I hiahia i roto i te meka e, rite tuhia e Maykl Faradey, nga ahupūngao o tona whakaetonga ai tautauā tonu haukini wai. Ko te parau tumu o te meangiti i roto i te whakaetonga horihori i faaite nuitia e William Cullen Edinburgh 1756 i roto i te Scientific ki te papu tukua iho te pēhanga i roto i te pounamu ki Etere, i hua i roto i tona whakaetonga tere. Tenei meinga te tautauā, a ki runga ki te waho o te pounamu i te houku kōhauhau i hanga tio.

Ko te faufaa o te whakatuwheratanga o te Faraday i e taea te papua aunoa tahuri hau ki wai i te pāmahana rūma. Na ka whakaeto te wai, meangiti katoa a tawhio noa, kia kia kohia te hau hua, ka kōpeke ano e te papu ki te wai, tukurua i te huringa. Ko tenei e founga rere refrigerators hou me aisi fakapoloka.

I te tau 1862 i te Ao Exhibition i London, faaite Ferdinand Carré mīhini arumoni tuatahi o te ao mo te hanga o te tio. I roto i te mīhini rite te whakamahia te haukini wai te meangiti, a hua ana e ia te huka i te tere o te 200 kg ia haora.

1825: whakahura o benzene

Mua, hei taua benzene kua tetahi o nga matū tino nui i roto i te matū, i roto i te tikanga mahi, arā, te whakamahia reira ki te hanga i ngā rauemi hou, me ariā - .. hoki te māramatanga o te here matū. kitea pūtaiao benzene i roto i te hanga hau toenga hinuhinu mō te rama i roto i Rānana.

1831: te ture a Faraday, tātai, ahupūngao o te arataki hiko

ko te kitea tino nui mo te heke mai o te pūtaiao me te hangarau tenei. a Faraday ture (Physics) whakarato e te Kereru te papa autō tauutuutu te nāianei hiko i roto i te ara iahiko, me te hanga Ākinga Pūngao he tika hautanga ki te tere o te huringa o te rere autō. Ko tētahi o ona tāurunga taea | E | = | dΦ / dt |, te wahi E - EMF ko F - rere.

Hei tauira, neke haere te waea hūhoiho autō hua he nāianei hiko, mai i te kaupapa o te aukume ai te mara tauutuutu autō. I mua ki tenei anake te puna o te mana, ko te pākahiko. Maykl Faradey, te kohao i roto i nei kua whakaaturia i physicists e taea te tahuri te kaupapa ki te hiko, ranei, i roto i atu ngā pūtaiao, e taea te tahuri te pūngao neke ki pūngao hiko, ko te kupu mohio ki te meka i hanga te nuinga o te pūngao i roto i to tatou mau utuafare i teie mahana te tika mo tenei parau tumu.

Kei te tahuri Tītaka (pūngao neke) ki hiko mā te whakamahi i te whakauru hiko. He hurihanga, i tahuri, kua whiwhi e te mahi o tiketike-pēhanga mamaoa mīhini huri hiko pūngao hanga o waro, hau ranei ngota, te pēhanga wai ranei i roto i te pēhanga hurihiko rangi ranei i roto i te otaota te mana hau.

1834: ko te ture o te iahiko

hanga Faraday ahupūngao he koha nui ki te hanga o te pūtaiao hou o Electrochemistry. E whakamārama ana he aha kei te tupu i runga i te rohe o te wāhanga kawehiko ki mea ionized. Ngā mihi ki a Electrochemistry whakamahi tatou pākahiko lithium-katote, me te pākahiko, te kai te hangarau pūkoro hou. He nui hoki to matou māramatanga o hohenga kawehiko ture a Faraday.

1836: ko te tenenga te ruma paruruhia

Ahupūngao Faraday kitea e ka whakatupato te kaiwhakahaere hiko te, piki tetahi tiaki te taikaha i te taha waho ona. tikanga o tēnei e roto te ruma whare herehere ranei hanga i te whakarewa, e kore e puta i te tiaki atu. Hei tauira, he tangata mau i te take Faraday, t. E. Ki te ararewa whakarewa, kihai kitea ki te hiko waho. I tua atu ki te tiaki i te iwi Faraday whare herehere e taea te whakamahi mō ngā ngā hiko iahiko ranei tairongo ki pokanoa waho. Ka taea hoki e ruma hipoki hanga rohe mate mō kōrero pūkoro.

1845: whakatuwheratanga o te pānga Faraday - Magneto-optical pānga

Ko tētahi atu whakamātau nui i roto i te aamu o te pūtaiao ko te wheako mo te wa tuatahi i whakamatauria te hononga o te hiko me te marama, i roto i 1864 kua tino whakaahuatia e te whārite o Hemi Clerk Maxwell. kitea ahupūngao Faraday e te marama ko te ngaru hiko o "ka he amo ritenga autō i te taha kotahi, he reira he pānga i runga i te marama polarised, e te kupu whakau ana te hononga i waenganui i te tōpana autō, me te marama ...

1845 kite o diamagnetism rite ngā āhuatanga o te mea katoa

E mōhio ki ferromagnetism i te tauira o aukume tikanga nuinga o te iwi. Faraday (ahupūngao) kitea e he diamagnetic matū katoa - te nuinga o ratou paku, engari i reira e kaha ano. Ko ritenga ki te aronga o te papa autō tono Diamagnetism. Hei tauira, ki te tuu koe te pou raki i rauemi kaha diamagnetic, ka waiho hei tīmatanga. Ka taea te whakamahi Diamagnetism i roto i ngā rauemi piri e rawa kaha aukume hou ki te whakatutuki i levitation. mea Ahakoa ora pērā i poroka, he diamagnetic a taea whakaparo i roto i te mara kaha autō.

mutunga

Maykl Faradey, te ahupūngao revolutionized te pūtaiao nei āhuatanga, mate i runga i August 25, 1867 i roto i Rānana i te tau o 75 tau. i ora ai roa Hara tana wahine. kahore tamariki a te tokorua. I roto i tona ora ko ia he Karaitiana karakia a no ki te sandemaniantsev wehenga Palotisani iti.

I roto i te ora i karangatia Faraday ki te hunaraa i roto i te Westminster Abbey me nga kingi, me kuini o Great Britain me pūtaiao rite Ihaka Newton. Kua kihai ia mo te hui atu tāú. Tona urupa, i te tanumia hoki a Hara, ka taea te kitea i Highgate Cemetery i London.