Bacteria me papapūata i raro i te karu (whakaahua)

Ko te meka e kua karapotia matou e iroriki, whakatuwheratia te Leeuwenhoek pūtaiao Tatimana. I muri mai, i taea e ki te whakatū i te hono i waenganui i a ratou, me te maha mate Pasteur. puta papapūata i runga i te whenua i etahi o te tuatahi, ka i taea ki te maitai e ora ake ki inaianei, ka nohoia tata nga kokonga o te ao. E kitea ratou i roto i nga rongoatia wera o puia me i te permafrost i roto i te koraha maroke i roto i te wai moana ao. Ano, kei te pai te noho ratou i roto i te tahi atu rauropi e noho ana, me te tupu i reira, i ētahi wā mau mai i tona ariki ki te mate.

Ka rite ki papapūata kitea?

Antoniy Levenguk whakaaro te karu, me te ki te awhina o aroha ki te titiro i te mea e kore e taea te kite i ki te kanohi tahanga. Ko 1676. Kia whakaritea e te ma'imi ki te kitea i roto i te aha pepa tincture o tahu arero, ka titiro ki a taua mea i raro i te karu, ka ko miharo te otinga. I te pata o te taonga, me te mea i roto i te tahi mau huru o te ao wawata, ano taiawhiotanga, e rere ana, e aki tonu takoto rau o rakau, pōro, koropetau, matau ranei. Ko te aha papapūata i raro i te karu. timata Leeuwenhoek ki uiui i raro i te karu katoa i haere mai ki te ringa, ka faaite nga wahi katoa ki te aroaro o rau o mea unknown, i karangatia e ia animalkulyami. waruhia pūtaiao i to ratou tohu niho, me te titiro ano ki a ia ki te mea. Ka rite ki ia i tuhituhi i muri i roto i te tohu animalkuley ko neke atu i te noho a tawhio noa te UK. tīmataria enei tūhuratanga ohie te pūtaiao katoa i huaina koiora (pokepokea ai i runga i te taro whakaahua).

Papapūata - ko wai te mea tenei ranei e?

Papapūata huaina te rōpū nui o hātare, whakakotahi taata karihi-free (huakita, archaea), me te mea he matua (harore). I te whenua, he rave rahi ratou. Ētahi huakita, i reira e pā ana ki te miriona ngā momo. He maha o ngā āhuatanga no ratou ki kaiao ora. E rave rahi titiro ngā rite papapūata i raro i te karu. titiro ratou tino kanorau. Ngā āhuatanga papapūata rerekē i 0.3 ki te 750 microns (1 micron ōrite kotahi mano o te mirimita). I roto i te puka kei ratou a tawhio noa, ano he mea porotaka (cocci), tokotoko-āhua (Bacillus me ētahi atu), whiri ki tōrino (spirilla, vibrio), rite poraka, whetu, me te bublichki. He maha papapūata i flagella me Villi mo te kaupapa angitu. He pūtau-tahi te nuinga o ratou, engari i reira e multicellular, mo te tauira, harore, huakita me te pükohu puru-matomato (huakita pokepokea whakaahua).

Oranga, me te wāhi noho

Nuinga mohiotia hoki te tīari papapūata tenei ra i roto i te pāmahana tika mahana. 40 nekehanga a runga ake, ka kia puritia e ratou mo te neke atu i te haora, a ka kohuatia patua tonu. hoki enei radiation kino, me te rā tika hoki. Heoi, i roto ia ratou i reira he kaitäkaro tino ki te tu ara + 400 ° C! ora te huakita flavobaktin i roto i te kōhaupapa, e kore he wehi o tetahi radiation matao rangi ranei.

huakita katoa manawa. kotahi anake te hāora me te reira, me etahi - hauhā, haukini, hauwai me te tahi atu huānga. Ko te mea anake e hiahia ana koe papapūata katoa - wai. Ki te kahore he wai, e hāngai ratou ara te hūpē. He microorganisms e ora i roto i te tinana o te kararehe, me te tangata enei. Kei te tata te reira e ia o tatou e pā ana ki 2 kg papapūata. Ko ratou i roto i te kopu, whēkau, pūkahukahu, kiri, i roto i te mangai. Tino maha iroriki i raro i matikara (i raro i te karu, ko reira tino mārama). I roto i te ra, tamata tatou ringa i runga i te momo o ngā kaupapa, noho iroriki e te hunga i runga i a ratou, i runga i o ratou ringa. hopi noa whakamate te nuinga o iroriki, engari i raro i te whao, rawa te roa noho ratou, ka uri pai (whakaahua i runga i te kiri o te huakita).

kai

Papapūata, rite te tangata, pūmua kai, te warowaihā, tāpiringa kohuke, ngako. He tokomaha o ratou e "rite" huaora.

Ki te titiro koe ki te papapūata i raro i te karu ki te zoom pai, ka taea e kite koe i to ratou hanganga. E ratou DNA rokiroki nucleoid, ribosomes, kua synthesized pūmua i waikawa amino, me te membrane motuhake. Na roto i ona papapūata mimiti kai. He huakita autotrophic i awhitia e hiahia ana ratou matū i pūhui pararopi. He heterotrophic, e taea anake te whangai rite-hanga ngā pūhui matū waro. Tenei rewena faahiahia, pokepokea ai, huakita putrefaction. hua kai tangata mo to ratou Wenerei tino hiahiatia. He paratrofnye papapūata e te tīariari anake i te utu o te mea waro atu mea ora. Ēnei ngā katoa huakita. Ko te nuinga o papapūata anake halophiles, e kore e taea te tīariari i roto i te taiao ki te kukū tote tiketike. whakamahia ana tēnei āhuatanga i roto i te pickling kai (huakita gonorrhea whakaahua).

uri

Mīharo, etahi momo o huakita te tīari tukanga fakasekisualé, ahakoa i roto i te puka rawa i tahito ra. takoto te reira i roto i te tuku o ira tuku i te matua ki ngā pūtau uri. puta tenei mā te whakapā i te "mau metua" absorption o tetahi ki tetahi ranei. Ka rite ki te hua, mikroby- "tamariki" ka whiwhi i te āhuatanga o ngā mātua e rua. Ko te nuinga o nga iroriki me te huakita uri mā te wehewehe i te constriction hake hua ranei. Te mātakitaki i te papapūata i raro i te karu, ka taea e kite koe i pehea etahi o ratou i tetahi pito i reira ko te tupu iti (tupu). Kei te tere nei te piki ia, Kei te ka wehea i te rauropi whaea, me te tīmata ki te ora motuhake. Koiora "whaea" i roto i tenei ara e taea te whakaputa i te 4 ki te uri, ka mate (whakaahua Helicobacter pylori, ai tuwhenua gastrointestinal, mate pukupuku).

He rerekē i wheori te papapūata?

whakaaro ētahi iwi e wheori me huakita - ko te taua. Ko he he tenei. Wheori, he te momo tino maha o te ora, he kaiao e ora anake i te utu o ētahi atu. Ki te taea te kite tatou i te papapūata i raro i te karaihe karu whārahi ranei, e taea te whakaaro te wheori e he iti iho i te kotahi rau nga wa te huakita, anake whārahi irahiko kaha. Katoa huaketo kotahi - pirinoa e meinga mate i roto i te tangata, ngā otaota, ngā kararehe, me te ara huakita. He huaina bacteriophages te whakamutunga. I te whenua, he ratou nui nui atu i huakita. Hei tauira, i roto i te moana wai koko o e pā ana ki 250 miriona. Ko reira whai hua e kei reira huakita patu bacteriophages tapoihia. Kia piri ki te tinana o te huakita, whakangaro ratou tona anga, me te whiwhi roto. He huaketo timata ki te whakaputa i o ratou ake ahua, ka rite ki te hua, mate te pūtau ope. tikanga Just virusofagi. whakamahia ana tēnei taonga i roto i rongoa mo te hanga o paturopi (i roto i te whakaahua - bacteriophages).

Iroriki-hoa

Te maere rahi, te whakatekau anake o to tatou Tiriona o ngā pūtau - mau tangata. no etahi ki te huakita me papapūata. Tenei huakita whakaahua i raro i te karu, ko te bifidobacteria. te tauturu ia ratou ngaungau tatou kai, tiaki ki tukumate, hua waikawa amino. E tino whai hua matou huakita gastrointestinal. Heoi, anake rite te roa rite ratou tau ko tino tautika. Ka rite ki tetahi huakita riro ake atu tika, kua he momo o mate, i dysbiosis ki mariao puku te tangata.

Hei kia whai hua, me te he huakita waikawa lactic, "ahumahi ahumahi" miraka pē mo tatou, tiihi, miraka pē. Bacteria ka whakamahia i roto i te hanga o te waina, rewena, waipatutaru taiao, maniua me te ake.

To tatou kino rawa hoariri

I tua atu ki te "pai" huakita, i reira te mea he ope nui o "kino" - pathogenic. Ko ētahi o ēnei Yersinia pestis, te huakita diphtheria, pakewakewa, kohi, mate pukupuku, me te pera i runga i. "kino" papapūata a tawhio noa tatou Tiriona. E mau vahi atoa ratou, engari rawa he rota o ratou i roto i nga wahi tūmatanui - i runga i te kakau i roto i te waka tūmatanui, i runga i te moni, i roto i wharepaku tūmatanui. Iroriki i runga i o koutou ringa i raro i te karu, ka titiro tatou ki a ratou i muri i hoki mai i te toa, tika ngoki ki. Na reira, kia nga ringa kia horoia pinepine, engari kahore whiwhita. Whakamahia āpiha antibacterial he houhou, rite arata'i te reira ki te maroke o te kiri, me te ngoikore o te pūnaha ārai mate.

Ko te tirohanga rawa o te take me te iroriki i runga i nga niho i raro i te karu. haere mai ratou ki a tatou i roto i te mangai ki te kai, kihi, i te kupukupu. E hia o ratou i roto i te mangai, ko reira uaua ki te korero, ki te anake hoki te paraihe e taea te tatau ake ki te 100 miriona pirinoa. Rawa, ki te pupuri i te paraihe te i roto i te ruma kotahi ki te wharepaku. Papapūata i roto i te mangai ko nga originators o caries, mate periodontal, mate hopuhopu. Ka taea e ngohe ārai ratou horoi auau o te niho, me te reo, me muri i ia kai - taka mouthwash antibacterial.