Cyanobacteria - ko ... Cyanobacteria: hanganga, ngā mōhiohio whānui

I roto i te rauropi ngā wā, i reira e etahi o nga oko i roto i tetahi kingitanga o te natura e tautohetohe tamau. Na ko reira mea i huaina cyanobacteria. Ahakoa te ingoa tangohia to ratou. maha rawa ngā taurite:

• pükohu puru-matomato;
• cyanobiont;
• fikohromovye huakite;
• cyano;
• slizievye pükohu me ētahi atu.

Huri i te reira i roto i taua cyanobacteria - ko reira rawa iti, engari i te wa ano he tinana matatini, me te i tautohetia taua e titau ata whiriwhiria, me te arotake i tona hanganga i roto i te tikanga ki te whakatau i te hononga taxonomic tangohia.

Ko te hītori o te kitea o te oraraa, a

E ai ki te record matatoka, e te hītori o te pükohu puru-matomato ona pakiaka tawhiti hoki i roto i te wa, mo te torutoru miriona tau ki muri. arahina enei kitenga ki te ako o te mokoroa e tātarihia te toka (ratou pae) o aua wa tawhiti.

i kitea cyanobacteria i runga i te mata o te tauira, te hanganga o nei ko kahore rerekē i taua o ngā puka hou. tohu tenei he nui rawa o te urutau o enei mea ki ngā tikanga taiao, ki to ratou manawanui tino, me te ora. Ko reira mārama e hoki miriona o nga tau i reira ko te rota o huringa i roto i te pāmahana me te hau hanganga o te ao. Kahore, Heoi, kihai i pā i te noho tuwhera tonu o te Kawariki.

I roto i te cyanobacteria hou - he rauropi pūtau-tahi, i whakatuwheratia i roto i te taha ki te tahi atu mau huru o pūtau kitakita. Ko, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, Lui Pasterom me ētahi atu pūtaiao i roto i nga rau tau XVIII-XIX.

Ētahi atu ako tupato Nōna i muri ratou, ki te whanaketanga o te irahiko Microscopy me tikanga hou, me ngā tikanga rangahau. tāutuhia Āhuatanga i e riro cyanobacteria. hanganga pūtau ngā he maha o hou, e kore i kitea i roto i te tahi atu mea, hanganga.

whakarōpū

Ko te pātai ki te whakatau i tuwhera tonu to ratou hononga taxonomic. Ahakoa te mohiotia reira kotahi anake te mea: cyanobacteria - prokaryotes. whakapumautia tenei e taua āhuatanga rite:

• ngaro o te karihi, pungaraungao, chloroplasts;
• te aroaro i roto i te murein taiepa pūtau;
• S-ribosome muingota titoa o ngā pūtau.

Otiia, cyanobacteria - prokaryotes, taua e pā ana ki 1.5 miriona ngā momo. i whakarōpūtia ka whakarōpūtia i roto i 5 ngā rōpū nui morphological katoa o ratou.

1. Chroococcales. Kati te rōpū nui whakakotahi puka mokemoke koroni ranei. Kei te tū tahi nohanga tiketike o kaiao i te hūpē huna ana noa taiepa pūtau o ia takitahi. Ko te āhua o tenei rōpū he tokotoko-āhua me te hanganga porohita.
2. Plevrokapsovye. Tino rite ki te ahua o mua, engari i reira he he āhuatanga i roto i te puka o te hanga beotsitov (atu i runga i tenei āhuatanga i muri). Kei konei cyanobacteria he akomanga taketake toru: Plevrokapsy, Dermokapsy, Miksosartsiny.
3. Oksillatorii. Ko te āhuatanga matua o tenei rōpū ko e e ngā katoa o nga pūtau ki te hanganga noa i huaina trichome mucic. Ko te wehenga e wahi, kahore haere i waho o tenei miro, roto. ngā Ostsillatorii i roto i tona mema pūtau anake vegetative, wehewehe asexually hawhe.
4. Nostokovye. Interesting hoki tona cryophilic. Taea ki te noho i roto i te koraha tuwhera o te tio hanga ki runga ki a ratou marau tae. Ko te āhuatanga o pera-ka karanga "korōria koraha tio." Ko te puka o enei rauropi me filamentous rite trichomes, engari takoto uri, ki te āwhina o ngā pūtau motuhake - heterocysts. Here taea e koe te whakauru i te māngai e whai ake nei: Annaba, Nostoc, Kalotriksy.
5. Stigonemovye. Tino rite ki te rōpū o mua. Ko te rerekētanga matua i roto i te aratau o reproduction - ka taea e ratou wehe tini i roto i te pūtau taua. Ko te māngai tino rongonui o tenei rōpū - Fisherelly.

Ko te kupu, ko te Urikiko me whakarōpūtia rite ki paearu morphological, pera hoki te toenga i reira ko te rota o ngā pātai, me te huri i te reira i roto i te whakama. e kore e taea e ata me microbiologists ki te tauraro noa i roto i te taxonomy o cyanobacteria ano mai.

noho

Nā ki te aroaro o taputapu motuhake (heterocysts, beotsitov, tillakoidov rerekē, vacuoles hau, kaha ki te whakatika hauota rāpoi, me te tahi atu) rauropi raraunga noho nga wahi katoa. E taea e ki te ora noa i roto i te tikanga tino tino ratou, i roto i nei kahore he kaiao ora e kore e taea te tīariari. Hei tauira, wera tupu thermophilic, tikanga anaerobic ki hauwai sulfide huru, he taiao waikawa he pH iti iho i te 4.

Cyanobacteria - he kaiao ora ata i runga i te onepu te moana me karapiti kamaka, poraka tio me koraha wera. Ako a te tāutu i te aroaro o te Cyanogen taea e te tae āhuatanga i runga i te ngaro, e hanga i o ratou koroni. Ka taea e Tae rerekē i puru-pango ki te māwhero me papura.

Sinezelenymi e karangatia ratou hoki, i te mea maha i runga i te mata o te noa te wai hou te tote ranei hanga e ratou he kiriata mucic puru-matomato. huaina ana tēnei āhuatanga ko "Puanga pükohuwai." Ka taea te kite te reira i runga i tata tetahi moana, i tīmata ki te tupu me te tahuri ki te repo.

Āhuatanga hanganga pūtau

Cyanobacteria i te hanganga mua o ngā kaiao prokaryotic, engari i reira e te tahi mau taa.

mahere hanganga pūtau Tapeke ko e whai ake:

• murein taiepa pūtau me polysaccharides;
• wē membrane bilipidnogo hanganga;
• cytoplasm ki wehea noa rauemi iranga i roto i te puka o ngā rāpoi ngota DNA;
• tillakoidy ahotakakame mahi whakahaere, me te kei roto uhi (chlorophylls, xanthophylls carotenoids).

wāhanga motuhake o te pūtau whakaahuatia i raro nei.

Ngā momo o ngā hanganga motuhake

Tenei matua geterotsisty. Ēnei hanganga - e kore e maha, engari ko te pūtau ratou rite te wahi o trichomes (miro koroni noa ngā ki hūpē). rerekē ratou ka tirohia i roto i te karu i tona hanganga, mai i to ratou mahi matua - production o te pūmua whākōkī, tuku ki te whakatika i te hauota rāpoi i te rangi. Na reira, nga uhi i geterotsisty reira he iti, engari he rota o te hauota.

Tuarua, gormogonii reira - wāhanga tangohia i roto o trichomes. mahi ratou rite whenua tupuranga.

Beotsity - Ko te ahua o ngā pūtau tamahine, e hua ana te papatipu e ki kotahi matua. I te tahi taime to ratou maha tae mano mo tetahi wā o wehenga. Ma te taua taea te āhuatanga Dermokapsy atu Plevrokapsodievye.

Akinetes - pūtau motuhake i roto i te āhua āta me ngā i roto i te trichomes. rerekē ratou ake nui polysaccharides pakitara pūtau taonga. Ratou tūranga he rite ki te geterotsisty.

vacuoles Gas - to ratou i te cyanobacteria katoa. hanganga pūtau tīmatanga titau ratou aroaro. Ratou tūranga - tango wahi i roto i te tukanga o te wai tupu. Ko tētahi atu ingoa mō te taua hanganga - Carboxysome.

whakahohenga Cell. tino whai ratou, a i roto i te tipu, me te kararehe, me ngā pūtau kitakita. Heoi, ko te pükohu puru-matomato, he ahua rerekē enei inclusions. Ko ētahi o ēnei:

• glycogen;
• granules polyphosphate;
• tsianofitsin - he taonga motuhake, arā, o te aspartate, arginine. tavini te reira hoki te rokiroki o hauota, mai i enei inclusions kei roto i heterocysts.

Ko tenei te mea kua cyanobacterium. wahi Main me ngā pūtau motuhake me organelles - e te aha taea tsianeyam kawe i te ahotakakame, engari i te wa taua ki te hamani huakita.

uri

e kore te mea tino uaua tenei tukanga, rite te taua, e he huakita noa. Ka taea e Cyanobacteria wehe vegetatively, wahi o trichomes, pūtau noa ki e rua, ranei ki te kawe i te tukanga fakasekisualé.

E mea pinepine i roto i enei tukanga e whai wāhi mai ngā pūtau motuhake geterotsisty, Akinetes, beotsity.

ara o te kaupapa

hipokina ana te whare herehere i runga i waho te cyanobacteria taiepa pūtau, a ētahi wā noa he kahu motuhake o hukarau nehenehe o hanga capsule mucic tawhio reira. Ko te whakawhetai ki tenei āhuatanga, me te neke Urikiko te waka.

Flagella ngä makawe motuhake reira ranei. Ka taea te kawea Movement i anake i runga i te mata mārō ki motu poto hūpē. Ētahi Ostsillatorii i te ara tino rerekē o te neke - revolve ratou a tawhio noa tona te tuaka i te wa ano meinga te huringa o te trichomes katoa. Ko te kupu i reira ko te kaupapa i runga i te mata.

Ko te kaha ki te whakatika hauota

tata katoa cyanobacterium tenei āhuatanga kua. Ko te whakawhetai taea ki te nitrogenase paru whakatika ahei hauota rāpoi, me te iriti i te reira ki te pūhui puka pänga tenei. tupu tenei hanganga geterotsisty. Nō reira, ki te hunga momo kore e e whai ratou, whakatika hauota i te rangi e kore e taea.

Ko te tikanga, hanga tenei tukanga he taata cyanobacteria tino nui mō te whakato ora. Noho i roto i te oneone, te āwhina Urikiko otaota mimiti hauota here, me te arahi i te ora tonu.

momo hāorakore

Ētahi puka o te pükohu puru-matomato (hei tauira, Ostsillatorii) e taea ki te ora i roto i te tikanga tino anaerobic, me te huru o te hauwai sulfide. I roto i tenei take i hanga te tukatuka o te pūhui i roto i te tinana, me te te rite ki te hua o rāpoi whanariki putanga atu ki te taiao.