E hōloa Parenchymal. anatomy mehameha

I te tahi taime, i roto i te mahi haumanu reira ko te mea pēnei i parenchymal e hōloa. pā ana ratou anatomy pathological ki raruraru i roto i te taki ka pākia. I roto i ngā ohie, te tinana e wawahi iho te tukanga o te supply me te haaputuputuraa o ngā matūkai, e arata'i ki morphological (ataata) huringa. Whakakitea te māuiuitanga e taea e i roto i te wāhanga i muri i te raupapa o whakamātautau tino motuhake ranei. Parenchymal me e hōloa stromal-iaia ko te pūtake o maha mate mate.

whakamāramatanga

Parenchymal e hōloa - he tukanga pathological e arahi ki huringa i roto i te hanganga pūtau o te okana. I roto i nga tikanga o te pūtau mate huna whaiaro pūngao whakararuraru, tarepa ki fermentopathy, disorders discirkulatornaya (toto, waitinana, interstitium, inu intercellular), endocrine me te e hōloa kaka.

He maha ngā tikanga o e hōloa:

- kookuhutanga, e ko, te waka i te taikaha o ngā hua toto o pākia i roto i te pūtau te wāhi wahopūtau ranei e tika ana ki te kore i roto i te pūnaha whākōkī o te tinana;

- whāwehe PHANEROZOIC ranei tohu te hanganga pirau intracellular, e arata'i ki te rangirua o te pākia me haaputuputuraa o ngā hua pūkoro unoxidized;

- kōtuitanga parori ki o ngā matū e he noa e kore e pūtau tākaro;

- te huringa o ngā matūkai tomo te pūtau ki hanga tetahi tetahi momo o mutunga-hua (pūmua, te ngako warowaihā ranei).

whakarōpū

Pathologists Ko nga momo e whai ake nei o te parenchymal dystrophies:

1. Tei runga i te huringa morphological:

- pono parenchymal;

- stromal-iaia;

- i konatunatua.

2. E ai ki te momo o matū whiwhi:

- pūmua disproteinozy ranei;

- ngako lipidoses ranei;

- warowaihā;

- kohuke.

3. Ka rite ki te nuinga o te tukanga:

- Pūnaha;

- rohe.

4. I te wa o te tupu:

- whiwhi;

- congenital.

tautuhi te hunga ranei atu parenchymal e hōloa anatomy pathological kore anake āpiha e totohu, engari ano hoki i runga i nga pau o nga pūtau pāngia. Te whakawhiti i tetahi ki tetahi te ma'ii'o ko te takahi taea, engari ngā taea māuiuitanga anake ngā. Parenchymal e hōloa - ko te uho o te tukanga e puta ana i roto i te pūtau, engari wahi anake o te syndrome haumanu e ngā hē morphological me mahi o te okana ngā.

Disproteinozy

Ko te tinana tangata te nuinga ngā o te pūmua, me te wai. rāpoi Pūmua he wahi o taiepa pūtau, kiriuhi o te pungaraungao me ētahi atu organelles, i roto i te tua, e noa i roto i te cytoplasm ratou. Ka rite ki te tikanga, ko reira whākōkī.

Disproteinozom te kore i huaina he māuiuitanga rite parenchymal pūmua te ma'ii'o. Na takoto ona ngako i roto i te meka e pūmua pūtau huri ratou āhuatanga, me te mamae huringa hanganga, pēnei i denaturation kollikvatsiya ranei. pā Pūmua-parenchymal ma'ii'o rūrūtia puata, hydropic, haona me potakataka te ma'ii'o. I ka te toru tuatahi kia tuhituhia i roto i te taipitopito, engari te muri, potakataka nei, te āhuatanga i roto i taua piki te pūmua i roto i te pūtau o witi, e tika ana ki nei e totoro nga pūtau, ka nui haere te tinana te, riro te reira wewete, me te puhoi. Ko te aha i huaina ano hoki te ma'ii'o potakataka huamo puhoi. Otiia pūtaiao i kahore feaa e parenchymal reira e hōloa. Ko taua Kārewa, o te tukanga e taea te tangohia mo te vai witi nui haere hanganga pūtau, rite te whakautu ki te ahotea mahi.

Puata e hōloa droplet

Ki tenei momo o te ma'ii'o i roto i ngā pūtau puata puta pata nui e te mutunga hanumi ki ia atu, me te whakaki i te wāhi i roto katoa o nga pūtau, displacing whakangaro ratou organelles ranei. arata'i tenei ki mate o te mahi, a pūtau mate noa. Nuinga o ngā wā puta te mate i roto i te kiko tākihi, i te iti rawa i roto i te ate, me te ngakau.

I roto i cytology muri unuhanga tākihi, i roto i te tua ki te haaputuputuraa o te puata i roto i nephrocytes whakaatu whakangaromanga o huānga pūtau. puta tenei āhuatanga ina whakawhanake te manawanui he kore vacuolar-lysosomal, e arata'i ki te hekenga i roto i reabsorption o te pūmua i te mimi tuatahi. Nuinga o ngā wā, puta tenei māuiuitanga i syndrome nephrotic. Ko te momo tātaritanga tino auau o enei tūroro - glomerulonephritis me amyloidosis tākihi. e kore e tinana waho huri ka te ma'ii'o puata droplet.

I roto i te pūtau ate ko ahua rerekē te āhuatanga. I roto i Microscopy kitea ratou corpuscles Mallory arā, o fibrils me puata waipiro. e pā ana ratou ahua i te mate a Wilson, kakā waipiro, me te cirrhosis biliary me Indian. Ko te putanga o tenei tukanga ko kino - ate necrosis pūtau, mate o tona mahi.

ma'ii'o hydropic

rerekē ana tēnei tirohanga i te tahi atu dystrophies e i roto i ngā pūtau huaketo, ki tonu organelles hou ki te wai. I roto i te nuinga o te wā, e taea te kite i te tītohunga taua i roto i te kiri, me te tubule tākihi pūtau i roto i te ate, uaua, me te repe adrenal.

microscopically whakanui Pūtau, ki tonu ratou cytoplasm te vacuoles ki te tirotiro wai mārama. neke te te matua lysed ranei, kua whakakorea nga hanganga toe. I te pae hopea, Ko te pūtau he "poihau" ki tonu i te wai. Na reira, te ma'ii'o hydropic ētahi wā i huaina poihau.

noho tata tonu tinana he tō'onga. Ko te tikanga o te whanaketanga o tenei mate - ofatiraa colloid kaha osmotic i roto i te pūtau, me i roto i te wāhi intercellular. No te mea o tenei nui ake uruhanga o nga kiriuhi pūtau o ngā pūtau mate me te hanehane. kia waiho te take mo te taua huringa matū glomerulonephritis, mate huka, amyloidosis tākihi. Ko te huringa i roto i ngā pūtau ate whai wāhi ki te kakā viral me paitini. I runga i te kiri e taea te meinga e hōloa hydropic i te huaketo o koroputaputa.

Mutu te tukanga pathological o te ngahunga ranei necrosis katoa, na te Morphology me mahi o tere hōloa.

e hōloa kirimōwaho

tinana actinic pathological - ko te haaputuputuraa nui o keratin i roto i nga papa mata o te kiri, pērā i hyperkeratosis me ichthyosis, me te putanga o te taonga horny, i reira, ka rite ki te tikanga, e kore e waiho te reira - i roto i te kiriuhi mucous (leukoplakia, mate pukupuku pūtau squamous). Ka taea e tēnei tukanga e rua rohe, me te katoa.

Ko te take mō tenei momo o mate e taea e disorders iroriki ectodermal i roto i embryogenesis, ma'i huringa kiko inflammatory, mate viral me paruparu huaora.

Ki te tīmata te maimoatanga te tonu i muri i te tohu tuatahi, ka taea e te papanga tonu ora, engari i roto i ngā take matatau, he kore e taea rongoa. Ka taea e roa-ngā pae haona ma'ii'o ololalo ia ki te mate pukupuku kiri, a ka he hotokore ki te ora fetal ichthyosis congenital.

ma'ii'o tuku

puta e tika ana ki te fermentopathia congenital e hōloa parenchymal tuku. Kua e karangatia hoki mate rokiroki enei mate e tika ana ki disorders pūkoro tinana, kohikohi hua pūkoro i roto i ngā pūtau me fluids tinana, a pau iho i te reira. Ko te māngai o tenei rōpū pai-mohiotia he phenylketonuria, tirozinoz me cystinosis.

whēkau ūnga mō phenylketonuria he pūnaha pokapū io, uaua, kiri, me te inu (toto, mimi). hua pūkoro tinana i tirozinoze kohikohi i roto i ate ngā pūtau, täkihi me wheua. pānga hoki Cystinosis te ate, me whatukuhu, engari motu i a ratou, te mamae kōateate, nenewha, wheua wheua, te pūnaha lymphatic me te kiri.

lipidoses

Lipids roto i roto i ia pūtau, e taea e ratou e rua motuhake, me te i roto i ngā ki pūmua, me te wae hanganga ki te hei kiriuhi pūtau, me te tahi atu ultrastructures. I tua atu, i roto i te cytoplasm he nonireka me fatty waikawa. I roto i te tikanga ki te kitea ratou i roto i te kopa whakamahi tikanga motuhake o te whakatika me te poke, pērā i Sudan, waikawa osmic mangu whero ranei, awa ngāwhā puru. I muri teuteu whakangungu motuhake āta tirotirohia i raro i te karu whārahi irahiko.

faaite Parenchymal fatty e hōloa rite whakaeminga nui o te ngako i reira kia ratou, me te ahua o lipids reira te wahi e kore e ratou hei. ahu ratou ki te whakaemi ngako kūpapa. Ko te rite i o te ma'ii'o pūmua whekau Target - te ngakau, whatukuhu, me te ate.

Ko te ngako parenchymal ma'ii'o myocardial tīmata ki te ahua i roto i myocytes o rūrūtia iti rawa o te ngako, i te mea. N. mōmona heke ana. Ki te kore e te tukanga mutu i tenei wā, ka iku roimata coalesce ka riro nui, tae noa e noho i te reira i te cytoplasm katoa. Organelles kupu nofo, weu uaua striated riro. faaite te mate ano rohe huri noa i te moenga iaia venous.

faaite tutu e hōloa parenchymal fatty ano i roto i ara rerekē, nga mea katoa tei runga i te atamira o te tukanga. I taea te hanga te timatanga o te tātaritanga anake i raro i te karu, engari ki te wā ka nui haere te ngakau e totoro te pūtau, hei mea kikokore, me te flabby ona taiepa, me taea te kite wāhanga o te myocardium atu-kōwhai whiu. ka haere mai te pathophysiology o tenei tinana ake ki te ingoa "ngakau tiger".

Fatty tupu o whēkau parenchymal whakawhanake i roto i toru tikanga matua.

1. Ko te nui haere te tuku o waikawa ngako noa i roto i ngā pūtau myocardial.
2. Tūkinotanga o pākia ngako.
3. Ko te tiango o te hanganga lipoprotein i roto i te pūtau.

Nuinga o ngā wā, kei te rongo enei tikanga i roto i hypoxia, mate (diphtheria, kohi, sepsis) me te haurangi ki māota, ūkuikui te ateneke ranei.

Tikanga, he reversible e hōloa fatty, me te kino ki te hanganga pūtau e iti i runga i te wā. Otiia ki te mea kua rere te tukanga kaha, mutu katoa i roto i te mate o te kiko me te okana. Kei te whai ake kaihaumanu mate e pā ana ki whakaeminga o te ngako i roto i te pūtau:

- mate o Gaucher;

- mate Tay-Sachs;

- mate Niemann-Pick, me ētahi atu.

ma'ii'o warowaihā

Ka taea te wehea warowaihā katoa, e kua kei roto i te tinana ki polysaccharides (te nuinga noa o e ko te glycogen), glycosaminoglycans (mucopolysaccharides: waikawa hyaluronic me chondroitin, heparin), me glycoproteins (mucins, i.e. te hūpē me te mucoid).

I roto i te tikanga ki te tautuhi i te warowaihā i roto i te pūtau tinana, whakamana te whakamātautau motuhake te - Schick tauhohenga. Ko tōna ngako Ko e tukinotia te papanga e ki te waikawa wā, a ka Kurauri. Na tahuri whero aldehydes. Ki te hiahia koe ki te tīpako glycogen, te tauhohenga e tapiritia ki te amylase. Glycosaminoglycans me glycoproteins poke ki methylene puru. Parenchymal warowaihā te ma'ii'o e pā ana te nuinga o ki disorders pūkoro o glycogen me glycoproteins.

Tūkinotanga o glycogen pākia

Glycogen - rāhui reira te tinana mo te "ra ua hiakai." Te nuinga o ratou i puritia e ia i roto i te ate, me uaua, me te expends tenei pūngao rawa torutoru. Ture o te warowaihā pākia puta i roto i te pūnaha neuroendocrine. Kei te takaro te tūranga matua, pera mua, te pūnaha hypothalamic-rapae o. whakaputaina te reira i hormones Tropic e whakahaere te tahi atu repe katoa endocrine.

Tūkinotanga o glycogen pākia ko te hua ranei whakaiti i tona nui i roto i te kopa, me te ahua wahi e kore e waiho te reira. Nuinga mārama taua rerekētanga puta i roto i te mate huka mellitus rokiroki glycogen tuku ranei. Kei te matau Pathogenesis o mate huka tino pai: pūtau o te repe taiaki mutu te whakaputa taiāki i roto i te moni e hiahiatia ana, me rāhui pūngao pūtau kei te tere te mauriora rite kore e kūhuka kohikohi i roto i nga kopa me excreted i te tinana i roto i te mimi. Ko te tinana "oroko" ona whenua rāhui, me matua whakawhanake parenchymal tupu o te ate. I roto i te karihi o hepatocytes puta wā pono,, a ka he kanapa ratou. Na reira, kua huaina ratou "matua kau".

glycogenoses tuku meinga e te kore ngaro o whākōkī whai wāhi i roto i te haaputuputuraa o te glycogen ranei. mohiotia tēnei wā taua mate 6:

- mate o Gierke ;

- mate Pompe ;

- glycogen rokiroki momo mate V;

- mate oia ';

- mate Forbes-Cori;

- mate o Andersen.

Ko taea to ratou tātaritanga pārōnaki i muri i te tātari ate unuhanga me te whakamahi gistofermentnogo.

Tūkinotanga o glycoprotein pākia

Tenei e hōloa parenchymal meinga e te haaputuputuraa i roto i te kopa o te mucins mucoids ranei. Kore, ka karanga ano enei ma'ii'o mucous mucoid ranei, no te mea o nga inclusions ōritetanga āhuatanga. I te tahi taime kohikohi i runga i mucins pono, engari e pā ana anake ki te matū e taea te hiri. I roto i tenei take, haere mai te reira ki te colloidal ma'ii'o.

Microscopy o kikokiko ki te whakatau i te meka e kore anake o te aroaro o hūpē, engari ona āhuatanga. Nā ki te meka e otaota pūtau me te secretion Kaore ārai matamua noa o te wai i te repe, kua hanga e cysts, me o ratou tirotiro ahu ki mumura.

Ko te take o tenei momo o te ma'ii'o taea e tino rerekē, engari tino maha he mea he mumura catarrhal o te mucous. I tua atu, ki te te mate tuku, tauira pathogenetic e take pai i roto i te auraa o te ma'ii'o mucous. Tenei kakakīrehe whēwhē. taiaki pāngia, ngongo intestinal, mimi, wahi biliary, repe werawera me repe salivary.

Resolution o te ahua o te mate tei runga i te nui me te roanga o tona rere hūpē. Kua haere te iti te wā i te timatanga o te tukanga pathological, te pea atu e nga mucous ora tino. Otiia i roto i ētahi wā te desquamation epithelial, sclerosis maha, me te takahi o te mahi okana pāngia.