Emanuera Kant - te tupuna o te rapunga whakaaro puāwaitanga German

Emanuera Kant - philosopho German, i roto i i te awe ki te whakawa o nei i te mahi o Plato ko Berkeley, Wolf ko Sextus Empiricus, Spinoza ko Leibniz. puta pūtaiao Future i te kura nui, "Friedrichs-Collegium", a ka tonu ana akoranga i te University o Konigsberg, Heoi, te tiki i te tohu e kore i taea e te reira tika. i takoha Emanuera Kant, tona haurongo ngā maha ngā uaua, ki te aruaru ana akoranga hoki o te mate o tona papa, ka timata ki te mahi. Anake i roto i te 1755, i taea e ki te paruru i tona tuhinga täkutatanga te pūtaiao taitamariki, a whakatika tika ki te mahi rite te kaiako i te whare wānanga.

Ngā wāhanga o te mahi: mau I roto i te "subcritical" wā Emanuera Kant te tūranga o te nounou tao'a pūtaiao, e arotahi ana ki te raruraru o rehe me te arorangi, geography tinana me te mātauranga tikanga. I tenei wā, kei te whanake pūtaiao raruraru fai e te whakaaro taumauri o mua. Na, hoatu ana e ia i mua te whakapae hou o te pūnaha solar, tuatahi whakaurua te ariā o te tai hau nebula ako a te uiui ratou tūranga. whakaaro te pūtaiao e pā ana ki te takenga mai tūturu o te tangata, kahore wawaotanga fakalangi, ka rapu ki te mahi i te whakarōpū o kararehe rite ki o ratou momo.

mahi te "tino" wā o te tangata tohe Emanuera Kant ki raruraru Ka mātau, te tutonu i runga i te tukanga o te ako, e whakaata ana i runga i nga raruraru whānui taumauri me ngaa aahuatanga o o te tangata , me te matauranga, morare me rerehua, ture me te āhua. Ko te pūtaiao kumea whakatau e pā ana ki te pea o te matauranga priori i roto i te puka o te pūtaiao ariā me te pāngarau, hoatu ia he priori puka o whakapakoko titorehanga. I roto i tenei wā o tona ora, Emanuera Kant, te kaupapa o te rerekē haere nei radically, kei te hoko i te reira te agnostic, he whakakahore i te taea o te matauranga metaphysical.

Philosopho mārama e whākinga tonu o nga ngā "natula", "wairua" me "te Atua" e taea, me kahore tetahi e taea ki te pāhono i enei kupu ki te ara ngā titorehanga. He matauranga o te tumu parau e taea te hanga e te mahara tangata i whakapakoko titorehanga te whakamahi i te momo priori o take. Scientist whakahaere raina pai i waenganui i te maramarama, me te take, a ka fa'ufa'u ia ki te ariā o te āhua mita o te tuatahi. Ko te kupu, kia rite ki te whakaaro o te philosopho, ka kia haukotia te ngakau o te tangata ki te ngā whakahēnga e whangai ana ki te whakaoti i te pātai o te ao mure ore fakataimí ranei, tona whīwhiwhi tapatahi ranei.

Epistemology: paopao Emanuera Kant te tikanga raroto o te ako, mā te whakamahi i hei utu he ara ki te rapunga whakaaro tino, te ngako o te mea ki te tūhura i te taea o te hinengaro o te mohio ki. hoatu mua Scholar te tuhituhinga e haamata te "parakore" matauranga ki wheako, e hāngai ana nei i runga i te he priori mahi o te mahara. Ko te mana o te whakaaro tangata, kia rite ki Kant whakaaro, he kore mutunga, a maha e pā ana ki te Tokāteliné e e Nireaha ki te tika. A e kore e whakaata i te matauranga o te ao i waho tonu mooni whāinga, engari i hanga i raro i te mana o whakapakoko tairongo, me te roto i Makiri.

whakaako morare: he wahi nui i roto i nga mahi o Kant tango ana whakaaro e pā ana ki te Atua, me te hahi, a ehara i te mea he ao hanga kahore wawaotanga fakalangi. Heoi, faahiti te tangata tohe morare pohewa ki ai te parapara me te mana waho, te mau parau tumu o te ahuareka, me te whaihua o ngā momo kare tangata. whakaaro te tangata te ki pūtaiao i ngā taha e rua - rite te āhuatanga motuhake me te rite he "mea i roto iho". I runga i te ringa kotahi, nga mahi o tetahi momo takitahi whakaritea e ngā āhuatanga o waho, me te, i runga i te tahi atu - teitei parau tumu morare. Na reira, i tetahi mema o te iwi tangata, me te whangai ki te rauemi pai-oranga, me ki te viivii ore, ahakoa he maha enei hiahia i te aroaro ki ia atu.